Automozioko biribarki baten prozesu orriaren garapena

LABURPENA Lan hau ikaslearen Gradu Amaierako Lana bezala aurkezten da, zeinen bitartez “Industria Teknologiaren Ingeniaritza” Gradua amaitzea lortuko duen Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatean. Bertan auto baten birabarkiaren mekanizaziorako prozesu- orria garatuko da, bere forjako geometriatik abiatuz erabilgarria izan baino pausu bat lehenagoko forma emateko egin beharreko mekanizazio eragiketak adieraziz. Horretarako, piezaren aurreanalisi bate egingo da, geometria, materiala, eta egin diezazkieken operazioak aztertzeko. Honela, bakoitza aurrera eramateko beharko diren makineria, erremintak, eta parametroak zehazten dira, lortutako emaitzekin prozesu-orria garatuz.RESUMEN El presente proyecto se presenta como el Trabajo de Fin de Grado del alumno mediante el cual conseguirá terminar los estudios de Grado en Ingeniería en Tecnología Industrial, en la Universidad del País Vasco. En él se desarrollará la hoja de proceso para el mecanizado de un cigüeñal de un automóvil, describiendo las operaciones de mecanizado que habrá que realizar partiendo de la geometría de forja de la pieza hasta llegar a la forma que debe tener a un paso previo a ser utilizable en el vehículo. Para ello, se hara un análisis previo de la pieza, con el objetivo de estudiar su geometría, el material y las operaciones que le son posibles realizar. Así, se detallarán la maquinaria, herramientas y parámetros necesarios para llevar a cabo cada operación, desarrollando la hoja de procesos a partir de los resultados obtenidos.ABSTRACT This project is regarded as the Degree Ending Project of the student, which will enable him to complete his Degree in Industrial Technology Engineering in the University of the Basque Country. It will develop the process sheet for the machining of an automotive crankshaft, starting from the forge geometry of the element until it reaches the form it must have just one step before it can be used in the vehicle. For that purpose, the component will be previously analysed, in order to study its geometry, material and the possible operations that can be done on it. Later, there will be indicated the machinery, tools and parameters which are necessary in the process, elaborating the process-sheet from the obtained results

Spin-to-charge current conversion in systems with spin-orbit coupling

145 p.This thesis is based on the experimental study of spin-to-charge current conversion (SCC) phenomena that occur in systems with spin-orbit coupling: spin Hall effect (SHE) and anomalous Hall effect (AHE). The main objective is to unveil the mechanisms that give rise to SCCs, in order to show the path to enhance the conversion efficiency for plausible technological applications. In the first part, the SHE is studied in Pt and Ta using the spin absorption technique. The weight of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms is extracted and a clear path to enhance the conversion efficiency is shown. Next, a Pt/graphene-based spin-to-charge current converter is explored where two orders of magnitude larger output signals, originated from SCC, have been obtained. In the second part, the relation between SHE and AHE is studied in 3d ferromagnets (FMs). The results show that both effects are not related by the current spin polarization of the FM, as it is generally assumed, and lead us to suggest the presence of an extra mechanism only in the SHE of 3d FMs. Finally, we analyse an interfacial mechanism that contributes to the AHE of Co when a Bi2O3 capping layer is added on top of the FM.CICnanoGUN

Communication and collaboration skills in teacher qualifications

Las tecnologías digitales han servido de altavoz para la comunicación y la colaboración, proporcionándonos un escenario el que comunicarse y colaborar es cada vez más fácil y rápido. ¿Nuestra comunicación es mejor? ¿Cómo colaboramos cuando aprendemos? Partiendo del análisis de la influencia de los procesos comunicativos y colaborativos en la labor docente, desde un punto de vista educomunicativo, este artículo aporta un panorama multidisciplinar sobre las ventajas de las competencias comunicativas y colaborativas en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los docentes. Para ello, se ha realizado un análisis de tipo documental, aportando una visión pormenorizada de los campos que debe tratar la formación de docentes en materia de comunicación y colaboración.Digital technologies have served as a loudspeaker for communication and collaboration, providing us a situation where communicating and collaborating is becoming easier and faster. Is our communication better? How do we collaborate when we learn? Based on the analysis of the influence of communicative and collaborative processes on teaching work from an educomunicational perspective, this article provides a multidisciplinary overview of the advantages of communicative and collaborative competences in the teaching-learning processes of teachers. For this purpose, a documentary analysis has been carried out, providing a detailed view of the fields that teacher qualifications in communication and collaboration must deal with

Spin-to-charge current conversion in systems with spin-orbit coupling

145 p.This thesis is based on the experimental study of spin-to-charge current conversion (SCC) phenomena that occur in systems with spin-orbit coupling: spin Hall effect (SHE) and anomalous Hall effect (AHE). The main objective is to unveil the mechanisms that give rise to SCCs, in order to show the path to enhance the conversion efficiency for plausible technological applications. In the first part, the SHE is studied in Pt and Ta using the spin absorption technique. The weight of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms is extracted and a clear path to enhance the conversion efficiency is shown. Next, a Pt/graphene-based spin-to-charge current converter is explored where two orders of magnitude larger output signals, originated from SCC, have been obtained. In the second part, the relation between SHE and AHE is studied in 3d ferromagnets (FMs). The results show that both effects are not related by the current spin polarization of the FM, as it is generally assumed, and lead us to suggest the presence of an extra mechanism only in the SHE of 3d FMs. Finally, we analyse an interfacial mechanism that contributes to the AHE of Co when a Bi2O3 capping layer is added on top of the FM.CICnanoGUN

Optimal Environmental Taxation When Goods and Contamination are Durable

[EN] This paper analyzes the effects of optimal taxation on a polluting monopolist who produces a durable good and cannot precommit to future sale prices. The government establishes the taxes that maximize social welfare, measured as the present value of the sum of consumer surplus plus producer's gross profits minus environmental damage. The consequences of taxes on the production and monopolist's profits, consumer surplus, environmental damage and social welfare are analized. It is shown that optimal taxes increase social welfare and reduce environmental damage. However, the effets of taxes on monopolist's profits depend on the goverment's ability to establish different taxes in different periods and the durability of the pollution.optimal taxation, monopolist, durable goods and contamination

Mergers in durable goods industries

"This paper is concerned with the study of durability as an aspect of competition and market structure that contributes to determining the incentives for mergers. We find that relative to the incentives in industries that produce non-durable goods the durability of the good produced by an industry enhances the incentive for mergers in the presence of intertemporal consistency problems. Further, the analysis indicates that in durable good markets a good antitrust policy should combine a restriction to rent solely with a prudent merger policy." [author's abstract

International trade and environmental corporate social responsibility

This paper analyzes firms' incentives to engage in environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR) in an international market under imperfect competition. We find that in the absence of environmental taxes firms do not adopt ECSR. However, the implementation of environmental taxes by governments encourages firms to adopt ECSR under local damage. Consumers, producers, and environmentalists are better off if firms decide to be environmentally responsible than if they decide not to. We also find that the decision to adopt ECSR depends on transboundary pollution. Under global damage firms engage in ECSR only if they are highly concerned about the environment. This means that the existence of transboundary pollution negatively affects the incentives of firms to be environmentally friendly. Finally, we find that when governments cooperatively determine their envi-ronmental taxes, firms engage in ECSR under both local and global damage. Thus, under globWe thank an anonymous referee for helpful comments. Financial support from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (PID2019-108718GB-I00 and PID2019-105291GB-I00), the Basque Government (IT1336-19) and Grupos UPV/EHU (GIU20/019) is gratefully acknowledged

Interfacial mechanism in the anomalous Hall effect of Co/Bi2_2O3_3 bilayers

Oxide interfaces are a source of spin-orbit coupling which can lead to novel spin-to-charge conversion effects. In this work the contribution of the Bi$_2$O$_3$ interface to the anomalous Hall effect of Co is experimentally studied in Co/Bi$_2$O$_3$ bilayers. We evidence a variation of 40% in the AHE of Co when a Bi$_2$O$_3$ capping layer is added to the ferromagnet. This strong variation is attributed to an additional source of asymmetric transport in Co/Bi$_2$O$_3$ bilayers that originates from the Co/Bi$_2$O$_3$ interface and contributes to the skew scattering.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Environmental policies with consumer-friendly firms and cross-ownership

This paper analyzes what environmental policy is implemented by governments when there is cross-ownership between polluting firms that care about social concerns. We compare the equilibrium outcomes under environmental taxes, tradable emission permits and emission standards. We find that the concern of firms about corporate social responsibility (CSR), which is decided endogenously, depends on the environmental policy implemented by the government. The greatest concern is obtained under tradable emission permits and the lowest under emission standards. We also find that cross-ownership between firms affects the CSR level that they choose. Finally, social welfare is at its highest with tradable permits and at its lowest with an emission standard, implying that the government prefers, when possible, to set tradable emission permits rather than the other two policies