The history and recent advances in research of polyprenol and its derivatives

The reduction pathway leading to the formation of dolichol was clarified in 2010 with the identification of SRD5A3, which is the polyprenol reductase. The finding inspired us to reanalyze the length of the major chain of polyprenol and dolichol from several plant leaves, including mangrove plants, as well as from animal and fish livers by 2D-TLC. Polyprenol- and dolichol derived metabolites such as polyprenylacetone and epoxydolichol were found together with rubber-like prenol. This review focuses on analyses of polyprenol and its derivatives, including recently found epoxypolyprenol and polyprenylacetone. Attention has also been paid to the chromatographic behavior of rubber-like prenol on TLC

クローン病における非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患合併の臨床的重要性 : コリン欠乏がマウス実験腸炎に及ぼす影響に関する基礎的検討を含めて 1.クローン病におけるNAFLD合併の臨床的意義に関する検討 2.コリン欠乏がマウス実験腸炎に及ぼす影響に関する検討

広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(医学)Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Sciencedoctora

KEEFEKTIFAN MEDIA KOMIK TANPA TEKS DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS DONGENG PADA SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 1 WATES

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan menulis dongeng siswa dengan menggunakan media komik tanpa teks dan tanpa menggunakan media komik tanpa teks. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menguji keefektifan penggunaan media komik tanpa teks dalam pembelajaran menulis dongeng siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Wates. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen semu (quasi experimental) dengan desain nonequivalent control group design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Wates. Penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik random sampling. Berdasarkan teknik tersebut, diperoleh kelas VII C sebagai kelas eksperimen yang terdiri dari 29 siswa dan kelas VII E sebagai kelas kontrol yang terdiri dari 30 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes, yaitu prates dan pascates. Validitas yang digunakan adalah validitas isi dan validitas konstruk (expert judgement). Expert judgement dalam penelitian ini adalah Dr. Maman Suryaman, M.Pd. dan Yayuk Eny Rahayu, M.Hum., serta Sri Wahyuni, S.Pd. selaku guru Bahasa Indonesia SMP Negeri 1 Wates. Uji reliabilitas menggunakan Alpha Cronbach yang menunjukkan bahwa instrumen tersebut reliabel, yaitu diperoleh r = 0,725 untuk tes isian singkat dan r = 0,714 untuk esai menulis dongeng. Analisis data diadakan setelah melakukan uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas yang menunjukkan bahwa skor prates dan pascates berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji-t dan gain skor. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan kemampuan menulis dongeng siswa yang menggunakan media komik tanpa teks dan kemampuan menulis dongeng siswa tanpa menggunakan media komik tanpa teks. Perbedaan tersebut ditunjukkan dengan hasil Uji-t yang dilakukan dengan bantuan program SPSS 15.0. Uji-t skor pascates kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen menunjukkan t hitung adalah 3,701 dengan db = 57, dan nilai p = 0,000 ( p = 0,000 < 0, 050). Hasil penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa pembelajaran menulis dongeng dengan menggunakan media komik tanpa teks lebih efektif dibanding dengan pembelajaran menulis dongeng tanpa menggunakan media komik tanpa teks. Keefektifan penggunaan media komik tanpa teks dapat dilihat dari Uji-t kenaikan skor kedua kelompok dan gain skor dari masing-masing kelompok. Hasil Uji-t kenaikan skor keterampilan menulis dongeng kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen menghasilkan t hitung = 3,132 dengan df 57, dan nilai p sebesar 0,003. Nilai p lebih kecil dari taraf signifikansi 0,05 (p = 0,003 < 0,05). Gain skor kelompok eksperimen lebih tinggi daripada kelompok kontrol, yakni sebesar 10,20

Regulation of 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Activity in Rat Testis under Hyperprolactinemia and Excessive 17β-Estradiol

The effects of hyperprolactinemia on the activity of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) in rat testis were studied during excessive 17β-estradiol (E2) administration. Without E2 treatment, 3β-HSD activity did not change significantly in moderate hyperprolactinemic rats (756 ± 179 ng/ml). However, this enzyme activity was significantly decreased in marked hyperprolactinemic rats (3612 ± 1090 ng/ml) compared to that in control rats (45.4 ± 6.2 ng/ml). Under the excessive E2 administration, this enzyme activity was insignificantly decreased in slight hyperprolactinemic rats (218 ± 42 ng/ml1 and inhibited in moderate hyperprolactinemic rats (566 ± 77 ng/ml) as refer to control level. It may be concluded that inhibition of 3β-HSD activity in testis due to the excess administration of estrogen is promoted by the transplantation of MtT/F84 which produces prolactin at the limited level

Translation and validation of a Japanese version of the irritable bowel syndrome-quality of life measure (IBS-QOL-J)

AIMS: To compare quality of life (QOL) for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) between the U.S. and Japan, it is indispensable to develop common instruments. The IBS-QOL, which is widely used in Western countries, was translated into Japanese as there has been a lack of Japanese disease-specific QOL measures for IBS. METHODS: The original 34 items of the IBS-QOL were translated from English into Japanese through two independent forward translations, resolution, back translation, and resolution of differences. Forty nine patients who had GI symptoms but did not have any organic diseases (including 30 IBS patients diagnosed by Rome II criteria) were recruited from Tohoku University Hospital in Sendai, Japan and completed a Japanese version of the IBS-QOL (IBS-QOL-J) concomitant with a Japanese version of the IBS severity index (IBSSI-J) twice within 7–14 days. RESULTS: The IBS-QOL-J demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha; 0.96) and high reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient; 0.92, p < 0.001). Convergent analyses confirmed that the overall score of IBS-QOL-J was significantly correlated with overall severity of IBS symptoms on the IBSSI-J (r = -0.36, p = 0.01) and with the individual items on the IBSSI-J that assess interference with life in general (r = -0.47, p = 0.001) and dissatisfaction with bowel habits (r = -0.32, p < 0.05). Eight patients who reported continuous abdominal pain in the past 6 months had significantly lower scores in the IBS-QOL-J than those who did not (53.7 +- 12.7 vs. 73.6 +- 19.5, p < 0.01). Age, sex, education or marital status did not affect scores on the measure. CONCLUSION: The IBS-QOL-J is a reliable instrument to assess the disease-specific QOL for IBS. Considering cross-cultural comparison, this measure is likely to be a valuable tool to investigate the QOL in Japanese patients with IBS

Salinity Alters the Polyisoprenoid Alcohol Content and Composition of Both Salt-Secreting and Non–Salt-Secreting Mangrove Seedlings

The effects of salinity on the polyisoprenoid alcohol content and composition of the salt-secreting mangrove species Avicennia marina and Sonneratia alba and the non–salt-secreting species Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Kandelia obovata were studied. The seedlings of mangroves were grown for 5 months under 0% and 3% salt concentrations. The occurrence, content, and distribution of four mangrove seedlings were analyzed by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. The structural groups of the polyprenols and dolichols in the leaves and roots were classified into two types (I and II). In type I, dolichols predominated over polyprenols (more than 90%), whereas in type II, the occurrence of both polyprenols and dolichols was observed. Polyprenols were not detected in the leaves of A. marina and B. gymnorrhiza under 0% salt (control), but were detected in small amounts in K. obovata leaves; however, significant amounts were found in the 3% salinity group. This finding in A. marina, B. gymnorrhiza, and K. obovata leaves implies a change to the structural group: under 0% salt concentrations, the groups are classified as type I, but become type II under 3% salt concentrations. The occurrence of ficaprenol (C50–55) was found only in the leaves of the non–salt-secreting species B. gymnorrhiza and K. obovataunder 3% salinity and not in the salt-secreting species A. marina or S. alba. It is noteworthy that the polyisoprenoid type in the roots of the four species showed no change under salinity; the two salt-secreting species A. marina and S. alba contained type I under 0% and 3% salt concentrations. On the other hand, type II polyisoprenoids were identified in the non–salt-secreting species B. gymnorrhiza and K. obovata under 0% and 3% salinity conditions. This finding suggested that polyisoprenoids play a protective role against salinity in the mangrove leaves of both salt-secreting and non–salt-secreting species