The 1992 Papua New Guinea election : change and continuity in electoral politics

This book continues a tradition that goes back to the first national election in Papua New Guinea in 1964. It is essentially a record of aspects of the 1 992 Papua New Guinea national election. But there are backward glances to earlier elections in order to show trends in Papua New Guinea's electoral politics

The 1992 Papua New Guinea election : change and continuity in electoral politics /

Includes bibliographical references (p. 383-400) and index.Continuity and Change in PNG Electoral Politics / Yaw Saffu -- The Effects of the Electoral System in Papua New Guinea / Ben Reilly -- Violence, Security and the 1992 Election / Sinclair Dinnen -- Women in the Election: Casualties of PNG Political Culture / Orovu Sepoe -- Electoral Politics in Mount Hagen: The Dei Open Election / Joseph Ketan -- The Election in the Imbbongu Open Electorate / Joseph Yasi -- Elections in Simbu: Towards Gunpoint Democracy? / Bill Standish.Mode of access: Internet

Unprincipled principals: co-opted bureaucrats and corruption in Ghana

In theory, granting politicians tools to oversee bureaucrats can reduce administrative malfeasance. In contrast, I argue that the political control of bureaucrats can increase corruption when politicians need money to fund election campaigns and face limited institutional constraints. In such contexts, politicians can leverage their discretionary powers to incentivize bureaucrats to extract rents from the state on politicians’ behalf. Using data from an original survey of bureaucrats (N=864) across 80 randomly sampled local governments in Ghana, I show that bureaucrats are more likely to facilitate politicians’ corrupt behavior when politicians are perceived to be empowered with higher levels of discretionary control. Using qualitative data and a list experiment to demonstrate the mechanism, I show that politicians enact corruption by threatening to transfer non-compliant officers. My findings provide new evidence on the sources of public administrative deficiencies in developing countries and qualify the presumption that greater political oversight improves governance

Defining the playing field: A framework for analysing fairness in access to resources, media and the law

The playing field is a concept often used to describe level of fairness in electoral competition. With Levitsky and Way’s definition of the playing field as a case in point, this paper takes a critical look at existing work on the playing field, arguing that current conceptualizations suffer from lacking conceptual logic, operationalization and measurement. A new and disaggregated framework that can serve as the basis for future research on the playing field is then proposed. This framework is applied to an illustrative case study on the development of the playing field in Zambia under MMD rule, thereby demonstrating that it is able to capture both the changing nature of the playing field and the differing mechanisms at play to a larger degree than the framework put forth by Levitsky and Way. The 2011 elections in Zambia also clearly highlight the importance of conceptually and empirically separating the slope of the playing field from its impact on both the opposition and electoral outcomes