Aging Scaled Brownian Motion

Scaled Brownian motion (SBM) is widely used to model anomalous diffusion of passive tracers in complex and biological systems. It is a highly non-stationary process governed by the Langevin equation for Brownian motion, however, with a power-law time dependence of the noise strength. Here we study the aging properties of SBM for both unconfined and confined motion. Specifically, we derive the ensemble and time averaged mean squared displacements and analyze their behavior in the regimes of weak, intermediate, and strong aging. A very rich behavior is revealed for confined aging SBM depending on different aging times and whether the process is sub- or superdiffusive. We demonstrate that the information on the aging factorizes with respect to the lag time and exhibits a functional form, that is identical to the aging behavior of scale free continuous time random walk processes. While SBM exhibits a disparity between ensemble and time averaged observables and is thus weakly non-ergodic, strong aging is shown to effect a convergence of the ensemble and time averaged mean squared displacement. Finally, we derive the density of first passage times in the semi-infinite domain that features a crossover defined by the aging time.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, REVTe

Parentage verification and identity test of Ghezel sheep using microsatillate markers

The Ghezel sheep is a fat tail high weight Iranian breed which is raised in the North-west of Iran. To design an efficient improvement program and genetic evaluation system for this indigenous breed, accurate estimates of the population genetic parameters is per-required and all pedigrees and relationships should be correctly recorded. Otherwise, it can produce biased evaluations when pedigrees contain errors and procedures utilize information from relatives. The pedigree and genotype data of Ghezel sheep were examined for errors. Parentage control has been performed by amplification of microsatellites. Mean heterozygosities, mean polymorphism index content (PIC) and mean number of alleles per loci were 0.50, 0.43 and 3.71, respectively. Mendelian errors were found following the pedigree corrections. Alleles at the following seven microsatellite loci were identified: BM4307, CSSM004, BM415, RM029, INRA49, BM3205 and OarFCB5. The pedigree was considered incorrect in 6 (12%) out of all the evaluated progeny, as their genotype did not match their parents. The present findings attest to the usefulness of the investigated microsatellites for parentage control in Ghezel sheep.Key words: Ghezel sheep, microsatellites, genotyping errors, progeny test

Epidemiology and the agreement rate of serological tests in human brucellosis in North East of Iran

Background: Brucellosis still remains a major health problem with different symptoms and various diagnostic methods. Diagnostic methods of brucellosis are usually based on detecting specific antibodies in the patient’s serum. Nowadays, many serological tests are applied for the diagnosis of human brucellosis. Most routine tests are serum agglutination tests based on Wright and 2-Mercaptoethanol (2-ME). Objectives: The aim of this study (cross sectional study) was to evaluate the prevalence of brucellosis and assess the degree of agreement among serum samples of suspected brucellosis serological tests routinely performed in Mashhad, Iran. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted in Mashhad from August 2011 to September 2012. Sera (2 - 3 mL) were collected from 83 cases suspected of brucellosis among 594 patients. Ten serum samples were collected from healthy subjects as control sera. Rose Bengal test for initial screening and Wright and 2 ME as standard tests were conducted to determine antibody titers. Thereafter, IgG and IgM levels were determined by the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Results: Among 83 serum samples, Rose Bengal test was able to identify 20 (12%) positive specimens; the standard tube agglutination test was able to detect 30 (18%) positive samples, and the ELISA IgG and ELISA IgM were able to trace 42 (21%) and 13 (6.5%) positive samples, respectively. Ten control samples had negative results for the ELISA method. The results were calculated by the Kappa formula. The highest level of agreement was among 1 = KRB-SAT tests and the lowest level of agreement was among tests K ELISA IgM-IgG = 0.30. Conclusions: According to the results, brucellosis has remained endemic in this region. Most cases were detected by ELISA IgG. The highest kappa agreements were between tests KRB-SAT, KRB-IgG and KSAT-IgG, while the lowest levels of agreement were between tests SAT-IgM and ELISA IgM-IgG. Considering that ELISA IgM results are covered by SAT and ELISA IgG test results, applications of this test do not seem necessary. © 2015, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center

The effects of breathing techniques on pain intensity of burn dressing- A clinical randomized trial

Background and aim: Burn injury is a major problem that which often leads to hospitalization, surgeries, and treatment costly. Burn Pain was one of the strongest and most usually types of pain. Commonly time of dressing change is the time that burned patients are experience pain most. The present study investigated the effects of breathing techniques on pain intensity of dressing in patients during burns. Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trial, which examined the pain in 68 patients referred to the burn unit of Kashani hospital in the period of March 2012 to August 2013 through random sampling in one of Intervention or control groups were examined. The patients in the intervention group (n=34) and control group (n=34) regarding age, burn factor, and the burn percentage were identical. Results: Before the intervention, the mean dressing pain intensity score in intervention group was 6.32 ± 2.02 and in control group was 5.90 ± 1.98. After the intervention, there were significant difference between the pain intensity after dressing in intervention and control groups (p=0.04). Conclusion: According to our findings, it can be concluded that using breathing techniques can be effective in reducing pain intensity during burn dressing

Purification and Characterization of Recombinant Darbepoetin Alfa from Leishmania tarentolae

Darbepoetin alfa is a biopharmaceutical glycoprotein that stimulates erythropoiesis and is used to treat anemia, which associated with renal failure and cancer chemotherapy. We herein describe the structural characterization of recombinant darbepoetin alfa produced by Leishmania tarentolae T7-TR host. The DNA expression cassette was integrated into the L. tarentolae genome through homologous recombination. Transformed clones were selected by antibiotic resistance, diagnostic PCRs, and protein expression analysis. The structure of recombinant darbepoetin alfa was analyzed by isoelectric focusing, ultraviolet–visible spectrum, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Expression analysis showed the presence of a protein band at 40 kDa, and its expression level was 51.2 mg/ml of culture medium. Darbepoetin alfa have 5 isoforms with varying degree of sialylation. The UV absorption and CD spectra were analogous to original drug (Aranesp), which confirmed that the produced protein was darbepoetin alfa. Potency test results revealed that the purified protein was biologically active. In brief, the structural and biological characteristics of expressed darbepoetin alfa were very similar to Aranesp which has been normally expressed in CHO. Our data also suggest that produced protein has potential to be developed for clinical use. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York

The effects of breathing techniques on pain intensity of burn dressing

زمینه و هدف: درد سوختگی یکی از شدیدترین و مداوم ترین انواع درد می باشد و یکی از زمان هایی که معمولاً بیماران سوخته بیشترین میزان درد را تجربه می کنند، زمان تعویض پانسمان است. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین تاثیر تکنیک های تنفسی بر شدت درد پانسمان در بیماران مبتلا به سوختگی صورت گرفت. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی تعداد 68 بیمار مرد مراجعه کننده به بخش سوختگی مرکز آموزشی درمانی آیت اله کاشانی شهرکرد از طریق نمونه گیری آسان هدفمند انتخاب و سپس بطور تصادفی در یکی از گروه های مداخله یا کنترل توزیع شدند. گروه مداخله تحت مداخله تکنیک های تنفسی طی انجام پانسمان قرار گرفتند و برای گروه کنترل مراقبت روتین به اجرا در آمد. شدت درد پانسمان سوختگی در دو گروه با استفاده از ابزار سنجش درد دیداری (Visual analogue scale) ارزیابی و مقایسه گردید. یافته ها: میانگین نمره شدت درد در بدو پانسمان سوختگی در گروه مداخله 2/02±6/32 و در گروه کنترل 1/98±5/90 بود که پس از مداخله نمره شدت درد در گروه مداخله به 1/46±3/66 و در گروه کنترل به 1/38±4/80 کاهش یافت که این کاهش معنادار بود (0/04=P). نتیجه گیری: بکارگیری تکنیک های تنفس می تواند در کاهش قابل توجه شدت درد پانسمان سوختگی مؤثر باشد؛ لذا به پرستاران بخش های سوختگی و اورژانس پیشنهاد می گردد جهت تخفیف درد ناشی از پانسمان سوختگی، علاوه بر استفاده از داروهای ضد درد، بیماران را تشویق به انجام تمرینات تنفسی مکرر طی انجام پانسمان بنمایند

Elective induction of labor versus spontaneous labor in Hajar hospital, Shahrekord

Background and aim: With attention to increasing of the early hospitalization of women, induction of labor and its complications, the present study designed to compare the elective induction and spontaneous labor considering the mother and infant outcome. Methods: In a prospective and analytical study using of questionnaire and check list, 50 nulliparous women who were hospitalized for elective induction were compared with 50 nulliparous women with spontaneous labor in terms of Bishop score of cervix, duration of labor stages, number of vaginal examinations, intensity of uterine contractions, fetal distress, mode of delivery, Apgar score and birth weight of infants. The exclusion criteria were, multifetal pregnancy, abnormal presentation, premature rupture of membrane, preterm labor and placenta abruption. Data analyzed by t, Chi square and Pearson correlation tests. Results: There was no significant difference between two groups in terms of age, job and gestational age, mean of duration of labor stages, number of vaginal examinations, birth weight and Apgar score. In 98% of women with induced labor, Bishop score was <5. In this study group tetanic contractions, fetal distresses and cesarean sections were more than those of women with spontaneous labor (p<0.001). Conclusion: Elective induction of labor must be applied when there is a medical indication for termination of pregnancy. Onetime admission of women for delivery and change the women’s attitude towards the benefits of spontaneous labor and complications of elective induction are suggestive ways until they decide with knowledge and select these methods

The effect of massage therapy on the severity of labor in primiparous women

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: درد زایمان شدیدترین دردی است که اغلب زنان آن را تجربه می کنند. با استفاده از روش های نوین و حمایتی کاهش درد زایمان می توان زایمان را به یک اتفاق خوشایند و لذت بخش تبدیل نمود. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین تاثیر ماساژ درمانی بر شدت درد زایمان در زنان نخست زا انجام شده است. روش بررسی: در یک مطالعه کار آزمایی بالینی 60 خانم حامله نخست زا در حال زایمان از بیمارستان های مهدیه و هدایت شهر تهران به روش نمونه گیری آسان انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی به دو گروه شاهد و ماساژ درمانی (مورد) تقسیم شدند. گروه شاهد از مراقبت های روتین بدون هیچ مداخله ای و گروه مورد ماساژ درمانی با استفاده از تکنیک ماساژ درمانی افلوراج انجام شد. شدت درد قبل از مداخله (ابتدای فاز فعال) و بعد از مداخله در دیلاتاسیون های 4، 8 و 10 سانتی متر سرویکس با استفاده از مقیاس سنجش درد VAS (Visual analogue scale) اندازه گیری شد. طول مدت مرحله اول و دوم و نوع زایمان در هر دو گروه، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. داده های هر دو گروه با استفاده از آزمونهای آماری کای دو و t مستقل با یکدیگر مقایسه شدند. یافته ها: بر اساس نتایج قبل از مداخله بین دو گروه از نظر شدت درد اختلاف معنی داری مشاهده نشد. میانگین شدت درد به ترتیب در گروه ماساژ و شاهد در ابتدای فاز فعال 07/1±88/5 و 39/1±75/6 (01/0

EFFECT OF VITEX ON HOT FLASH OF MENOPAUSAL WOMEN REFERRED TO HEALTH CENTER OF ISFAHAN

Background and Aim: Menopause is a period in women’s lives that is accompanied with outcomes and effects which can adversely affect on the quality of life and weaken well-being. The most widely recognized outcome of menopause is hot flash that adversely affects on work, social activities, enjoying life, sleep, andin sum- total quality of living. The common treatment of this symptom is hormone treatment (HRT) which has some adverse effects and sometimes some contraindications. The present study aimed at assessing the effect of Vitex on hot flash. Materials and Methods: This double –blind and clinical trial was performed on 54 women with hot flash aged between 45 and 55 years in Isfahan in 2002, which had been referred for treatment. The population was randomly divided into 2 groups: 1) taking Vitex 2) control group, taking placebos. Data collection was done through interviews and a questionnaire considering demographic and hot flash characteristics (using Kupperman Index), which was filled out for each woman. Hot flash was assessed in three stages .The obtained data was analysed by means of SPSS software, descriptive and inferential statistics; and P%0.05 was taken as the significant level. Results: It was found that there was a significant difference in severity of hot flash before and after treatment in vitex group (P<0.012).While the difference was not significant after treatment in the placebo group. (P>0.05).Comparing the two groups with respect to severity of hot flash after treatment revealed a significant statistical difference (P<0.05); though the difference was not significant before treatment. Conclusion: Vitex can act as an alternative in treating menopausal hot flash; particularly in those who cannot safely bear hormonal treatment