The Role of the Speaker in the Stages of The Emergence and Growth of Arabic Grammar (A study in the light of some modern perspectives)

This study aims at illustrating the role of the speaker in the Arabic Grammatical Heritage in its two stages: emergence and development . This is due to the intensive care given by discourse studies to both the speaker and the addressee in the verbal situation. That given intensive care was strong enough to encourage a lot of those who are interested in ancient Arabic linguistics to examine the ancient grammatical studies. This study was concerned with highlighting the concepts which governed the way of analysis followed in those studies. The results were impressive regarding the speaker , and also were refuting one of the most important accusations, which says that Arabic Grammar was fond of formality in studying speech, and in standardizing its constructional rules

The Role of the “Recipient” in Arabic Grammatical Heritage: A Study in the Light of some Modern Approaches

This research aims at defining the role of the “recipient” in the Arabic grammatical heritage in order to highlight the level of the Ancient Arabic Grammar studies in dealing with the verbal position in general, and the recipient in particular – as he has been described as an important element in the conversational position. Moreover, this paper aims to know the extent of availability of this ancient study of linguistic concepts, which were considered as one of the innovations of modern linguistic studies in their both literary and linguistic aspects. This research also attempts to highlight the role of the active Recipient and its manifestation in the process of discursive communication, directing the speech, and how the elements of the external context work with the internal ones in achieving the understanding, in general, and the understanding of the recipient, in particular, and in the success of the communicative process between the parties of discourse.The current research concluds, in its extrapolating a set of grammatical provisions in the books of grammatical heritage, that the recipient was present in the minds of ancient grammarians as they were building and directing grammar rules, such as defining or undefining grammatical components, preposing them or postposing and deleting them or mentioning. It is not surprising becaused the real function of language, which is creating communication, cannot be realized without the presence of a recipient

Trends in New 75% Oral Anticgulant Use in Qatar: A 5-Year Experience

Introduction: Warfarin has been the cornerstone oral anticoagulant for more than 60 years. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been introduced to the market since 2008. In Qatar, dabigatran was introduced in 2011 followed by rivaroxaban in 2014 and both DOACs are currently used along with warfarin for the treatment and prophylaxis of different thromboembolic diseases. Despite the perceived advantages of the DOACs and their proven efficacy and safety in randomized controlled studies, their use is not as well-established as it has been expected likely due to the lack of antidote and their high cost. Little is known about the prescription pattern of oral anticoagulants and the extent to which DOACs replaced warfarin in Qatar. Aim: In this study, we aim to explore the trends in oral anticoagulant use in Qatar over the past 5 years and to what extent did DOACs replace warfarin. We also aimed to determine the appropriateness of DOACs use based on the dose and the indication. Methods: From electronic medical records, we collected all anticoagulant prescriptions dispensed as in- or out-patient from 2011 to 2015 in all Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) hospitals. Prescriptions were stratified by the year, the medication prescribed and the dose. For every calendar year, we calculated the number and percentage of patients using each one of the anticoagulants prescribed. We also compared the clinical and demographics characteristics of patients prescribed warfarin versus those prescribed DOACs. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using SPSS. Results: The attached table shows the change over the years in the number of patients prescribed warfarin versus those receiving DOACs. Overall, the percentage of patients receiving DOACs increased gradually from approximately 0.5% in 2011 to 20% in 2015. About 40% of patients receiving DOACs were previous warfarin users. DOACs were appropriately used in more 80% of the patients. Year/ Drug Warfarin Number (%) Dabigatran Number (%) Rivaroxaban Number (%) 2011 2078 (99.47%) 11 (0.53%) 2012 2364 (97.52%) 60 (2.48%) 2013 2567 (90.04%) 285 (9.06%) 2014 2823 (83.3%) 320 (9.44%) 246 (7.26%) 2015 2065 (80.54%) 196 (7.64%) 303 (11.82%). Conclusion: DOACs have been gradually replacing warfarin in Qatar in a trend that is similar to other countries as well. However, warfarin use remains essential in more than 75% of patients requiring oral anticoagulant. It is important to continue educating healthcare providers to ensure appropriate use of these novel agents.qscienc

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

A first update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

peer reviewe

Heraldo Segoviano: Año I Número 31 - 21 Julio 1935

I analyze the effect of various risks faced by commercial banks on the executive compensation in banking industry. Commercial bank executives are risk averse due to the regulatory pressure in addition to board governance mechanism. Commercial banks face various risks because of the regulatory mechanism and unique asset structure of the firm. So, it is expected that they should associate their own pay and pay-performance sensitivities (PPS) with the risks their banks face. I find that bank executives associate their performance based pay with both idiosyncratic risk and systematic risk. But they associate their fixed pay only with systematic risk. The risk based PPS is also affected by the idiosyncratic risk but not by the systematic risk. Both asset return risk and insolvency risk have significant positive effect on PPS. Bank executives put significantly higher emphasis on the fixed compensation in terms of salary and bonus, and significantly lower emphasis on the performance based compensation. They also put minimum emphasis on the risk based PPS although they put significant emphasis on return based PPS. These indicate the risk-averse nature of the bank executives due to the regulatory pressure in addition to board governance mechanism

Health Behavior among Gifted and Normal Students at Ajloun District, and its Relationship with their Academic Achievements

This study aimed to unveilthehealthy behavioramong a sample of talented and ordinary students from schools at Ajloun city /Jordan, and its relationship to some demographic variables (gender, class)andeconomic levelof the family and academic achievement. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher usedHealthy BehaviorTest which wasprepareddepending on Smadi & Smadi scale(2011).To ensure thevalidity and reliability of the study, the sample consisted of 92talented and 138ordinary students who were randomlystratified selectedfrom class of supreme basic and secondary schools. The researcher came up with the findings using up the arithmetic averages,standard deviations andvalue of (T),the multi variance analysis correlation coefficient.The study showed thatthe level ofhealthy behaviorbetween the talented and ordinary students was high, andthe results also assured that there weren’tstatistically significant differences at(α≤0.05)at thelevel of the total healthy behaviorand its dimensions between students (Talented and Ordinary) regarding to class variableand gender variable,and there weren’tstatistically significant differences at(α≤0.05)at thelevel of the total healthy behaviorand protecting general healthdimensionand psychological & socialdimensions between talented studentsand ordinary studentsandtheacademic achievement, andalsothere wasn’tanycorrelation relationship between the level ofthe healthy behaviorand its dimensions between ordinary students& academic achievementThese results were discussed in the light of the theoretical framework and previous studies, and the researchers recommendedthat it’s necessarytoimplement counseling programs for parents about the procedures of healthy behavior development of sons.and it’s necessary that school curriculums and the visual and auditory media must contain the healthy behavior elements

Impact of financial liberalization and foreign bank entry on Islamic banking performance

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the impact of financial liberalization and foreign Islamic bank entry on the performance of domestic Islamic banks, and credit availability to the private sector. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use the weighted least squares method to estimate four models. These models are suggested by Lee. For this, the inverse of the number of domestic Islamic banks in each period is used to weight the observations in the regressions to correct for varying number of bank observations in each country. Findings – The results indicate that foreign Islamic banks, on average, follow aggressive financing in host countries and enjoy higher net profit margin. Banking sector returns play an important role in the entry decision and presence of foreign banks. Moreover, favorable macro-economic conditions play a supportive role while higher tax policies play a hostile role for the entry and presence of foreign Islamic banks. The recent financial crisis does not seem to affect the entry decision significantly. But the profitability of domestic Islamic banks has been seriously affected by the recent crisis. Also domestic tax policy and macro-economic environment play important roles in determining the domestic Islamic bank performance. Results also indicate that private sector credit availability seems to suffer because of higher tax and reserve rate. Practical implications – The authors\u27 findings suggest that host Islamic economies should strive for an efficient capital market with supportive macro-economic environment, which in turn helps the local banking sector to develop and benefit from the foreign Islamic bank entry. Originality/value – This is the first paper to analyze the entry of foreign Islamic banks in the host countries with Islamic banking sector

هل الانفاق الحكومي معزز ام معيق للتنمية الاقتصادية دراسة حالة بعض الدول العربية

          تهدف هذه الدراسة لبيان تأثير حجم الحكومة على التنمية الاقتصادية في الدول العربية، حيث تهتم في فهم العلاقة المعقدة بين تدخل الحكومة في الاقتصاد وتأثيره على معدل نمو حصة الفرد من الناتج في هذه الدول. وتبين الدراسة أن هذه العلاقة تعتمد على عوامل متعددة، بما في ذلك السياق الاقتصادي والاجتماعي للدولة وكيفية توجيه الإنفاق الحكومي في الدولة، فقد يكون لزيادة الإنفاق الحكومي تأثير إيجابي على التنمية الاقتصادية، وقد تكون له تأثير سلبي. تم استخدام بيانات البانل لمجموعة من الدول العربية هي (البحرين، والجزائر، وتونس، ومصر، والاردن، ولبنان، وعمان، والسعودية، والمغرب، والعراق) للمدة 1991-2021. باستخدام أسلوب (ARDL) لبيان تأثير حجم الحكومة على التنمية الاقتصادية في الدول العربية واعتماد الأساليب الرياضية المناسبة لتحديد الحجم الأمثل للحكومة. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أن حجم الحكومة يؤثر بشكل إيجابي في التنمية الاقتصادية، هذا التأثير يأخذ شكل ناقوسي وبذلك فالنتيجة تتوافق مع أسلوب منحنى ارمي

Bayesian Regression Based Approach for Beam Deflection Estimation

Deflection of a beam is the movement of the beam from its initial position to another position depending on the applied load. Beam deflection estimation gives an indication about the possible deformation of the beam. A parametric Bayesian linear based model is introduced to mimic the experimentally collected data to estimate the stochastic deflection of a simply supported beam. A Gaussian noise is assumed to understand the stochastic behavior of the beam deflection as well as a Gaussian prior. The model mapping function used in this work is known as radial basis function, which can be linear or nonlinear. Three basis functions are compared, namely are linear, Gaussian and modified Gaussian function proposed in this work. The modified Gaussian function is a simple function introduced in this work. The performance of the functions is analyzed for three central concentrated loads. The best model can describe the observed data is found to be the modified Gaussian model with regularization factor of 0.9 for three loading cases. The prediction based linear basis function is better than the use of the Gaussian basis function prediction according to error of estimation. The maximum RMS error obtained for modified Gaussian radial basis function corresponding to central load of 4kg is smaller than that of a theoretical based model for the same loading conditions