PRENATAL ULTRASOUND IRRADIATION AS AN UNDERESTIMATED RISK FACTOR FOR THE BIRTH OF CHILDREN WITH DIFFERENT ABILITIES (AKA SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS)

The increasing number of pathological conditions among children nowadays and in the past decades is the main reason for writing this paper and conducting the study described in it. Some of the conditions referring to in this article are: autism and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), dyslexia, late onset of speech, epilepsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), emotional and behavioural disorders. By the means of observation we can conclude that the current prevalence of these conditions and others as well, are pandemic, especially in the developed countries. The main question we search the answer to in this text is: “Is there any direct or indirect relation between the routine ultrasound irradiation scanning during pregnancy and the number and severity of the disabilities in the children affected by it?”  The summarized results from a self-initiated and conducted study on the subject are presented in this paper. The study is realized in the period of eight years (2011-2019), however, here a more than four years data is summarized. The first four years the researcher spend time applying semi-structured interview to different people involved in the ultrasound checking (obstetricians, midwives, doulas, parents) while the rest four years she disseminated a questionnaire addressed to pregnant women and mothers of children with different abilities (aka special educational needs) and typical development children. The author concludes that there is absolute necessity for change in the medical routine practice applied to healthy pregnant women with low-risk pregnancies – both nationally, in Bulgaria where the study is conducted, and internationally – for the sake of children’s health and the need of informed consent of parents before the procedure is applied to the unborn, fragile and unprotected child. The effects of ultrasound wave’s irradiation on the mothers’ health should not be underestimated either.  Article visualizations

School Actvities in Natural Sciences for Students with Special Needs in Bulgaria

This study discusses the influence of classroom activities in the mainstream schools and special schools in Bulgaria. The study presents classroom activities related to the school subject Human and Nature. This school subject is part of the curriculum both at special and at mainstream schools. There are detailed explanations and descriptions as well as concrete methodological directions for each classroom activity. Some photographs are included in the text in order to achieve better visualization of the classroom activities described. The developed classroom activities in Natural Sciences for students with special needs, are just a small step in the understanding of the idea that all learners, regardless of their impairments, can participate in the learning process. This is in accord with the initiative of most nations to place more emphasis on the education of people with special needs, supporting their explorative aspirations and desire to know the surrounding world

Analisis Nilai Moral Pada Novel Habibi Ya Nurul Ain Karya Maya Lestari Gf Melalui Teori Resepsi Sastra Dan Pemanfaatannya Sebagai Video Pembelajaran Novel di Kelas XI SMA

Penelitian ini dilakukan karena maraknya perilaku kurang bermoral dikalangan remaja yang mengakibatkan banyak penyalah gunaan obat-obatan, tawuran, krisis identitas dan lain-lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai moral yang terdapat dalam novel Habibie Ya Nurul Ain dan pemanfaatannya sebagai video pembelajaran novel di kelas XI SMA. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data merupakan pemilik data atau individu yang dimintai data. Sumber data utama penelitian ini adalah kutipan nilai moral dalam novel. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi dokumentasi yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini yaitu karya sastra (novel). Validitas data dilakukan dengan cara melakukan triangulasi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik pustaka, baca dan catat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) novel Habibie Ya Nurul Ain mengandung nilai moral. Nilai moral yang terkandung antara lain nilai moral hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan, hubungan manusia dengan dirinya sendiri, dan hubungan manusia dengan orang lain. Nilai moral hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan ditunjukan dengan sikap mengenal Tuhan, dan akhlak terhadap Tuhan terdapat 15 kutipan. Nilai moral hubungan manusia dengan dirinya sendiri ditunjukkan dengan dengan sikap disiplin, jujur, mandiri, rajin, rasa hormat, sabar, tanggung jawab, empati, hati nurani, kontrol diri, dan keadilan terdapat 32 kutipan. Nilai moral hubungan manusia dengan manusia lain ditunjukkan dengan sikap kekeluargaan, persahabatan, dan toleransi terdapat 19 kutipan total hasil analisis data terdapat 66 kutipan yang ditemukan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut, maka nilai-nilai moral yang terkandung dalam novel dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai video pembelajaran novel. Video pembelajaran tersebut divalidasi oleh dosen ahli dengan mencakup penilaian kelayakan isi, kelayakan bahasa, kelayakan penyajian dan kelayakan kegrafikan. Validasi yang pertama dilakukan oleh dosen pembimbing dengan hasil 82,3% dan hasil validasi kedua dilakukan oleh dosen ahli dengan hasil 82,3%. Hasil validasi tersebut menunjukan bahwa video pembelajaran layak digunakan

A micromechanical-based model of stimulus responsive liquid crystal elastomers

Stimulus responsive elastomers are advanced engineered materials that perform desired functionalities when triggered by external stimuli. Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are one important example that exhibit reversible actuation when cycled above and below their nematic-to-isotropic transition temperature. Here, we propose a micromechanical-based model that is centered on the evolution of the chain distribution tensor of the LCE network. Our model, framed within the statistical model of the chain network, enables a mesoscale description of their mechanical response under an external thermal stimulus. We compare the model to prior experimental observations of the bending response of 3D printed LCE elements with controlled director alignment

Adenosyl Radical: Reagent and Catalyst in Enzyme Reactions

Adenosine is undoubtedly an ancient biological molecule that is a component of many enzyme cofactors: ATP, FADH, NAD(P)H, and coenzyme A, to name but a few, and, of course, of RNA. Here we present an overview of the role of adenosine in its most reactive form: as an organic radical formed either by homolytic cleavage of adenosylcobalamin (coenzyme B 12 , AdoCbl) or by single-electron reduction of S -adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) complexed to an iron–sulfur cluster. Although many of the enzymes we discuss are newly discovered, adenosine's role as a radical cofactor most likely arose very early in evolution, before the advent of photosynthesis and the production of molecular oxygen, which rapidly inactivates many radical enzymes. AdoCbl-dependent enzymes appear to be confined to a rather narrow repertoire of rearrangement reactions involving 1,2-hydrogen atom migrations; nevertheless, mechanistic insights gained from studying these enzymes have proved extremely valuable in understanding how enzymes generate and control highly reactive free radical intermediates. In contrast, there has been a recent explosion in the number of radical-AdoMet enzymes discovered that catalyze a remarkably wide range of chemically challenging reactions; here there is much still to learn about their mechanisms. Although all the radical-AdoMet enzymes so far characterized come from anaerobically growing microbes and are very oxygen sensitive, there is tantalizing evidence that some of these enzymes might be active in aerobic organisms including humans.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/69165/1/604_ftp.pd