Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm Involving the Endometrium and Presenting with Mucinous Vaginal Discharge.

Primary appendiceal mucinous lesions are uncommon and represent a spectrum from nonneoplastic mucous retention cysts to invasive adenocarcinoma. Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMNs) represent an intermediate category on this spectrum and can be classified according to whether or not they are confined to the appendix. Although LAMNs are frequently confined to the appendix, they can also spread to the peritoneum and clinically progress as pseudomyxoma peritonei (i.e., mucinous ascites). Thus, the appropriate classification of appendiceal primary neoplasia is essential for prognosis and influences clinical management. In addition, the precise classification, management, and clinical outcome of patients with disseminated peritoneal disease remain controversial. Here, we report an unusual case of LAMN with pseudomyxoma peritonei that initially presented with mucinous and bloody vaginal discharge. Pathological evaluation revealed low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm with secondary involvement of the peritoneum, ovaries, and endometrial surface. Therefore, LAMN should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mucinous vaginal discharge

Evaluar las condiciones de higiene y seguridad laboral en el proceso de producción del beneficio SARA COFFEE S.A, del Municipio de Matagalpa durante el I semestre del año 2016

El presente trabajo se realizó en el departamento de Matagalpa en el Beneficio SARA COFFEE S.A, durante el período del I semestre del 2016, el estudio consistió en la evaluación de la situación actual de Higiene y Seguridad Ocupacional. El propósito de esta investigación fue examinar a profundidad todos los aspectos sobre Seguridad e Higiene Ocupacional aplicados al Beneficio SARA COFFEE S.A, teniendo como base la ley 618 (Ley General de Seguridad e Higiene Ocupacional). En el estudio se abordan los principales temas como: Iluminación, ruido, temperatura, ventilación, clima laboral, electricidad, los equipos de protección, el personal (capacitación, prácticas higiénicas y control de salud). Las técnicas utilizadas para la recolección de información fueron: Entrevista a la gerencia, encuestas a los operarios y guía de observación directa. Todo esto para medir los indicadores planteados en la operacionalización de variables. Mediante el diagnóstico aplicado, se encontró que las condiciones de seguridad e Higiene no son adecuadas en relación a lo establecido en la Ley 618 Ley General de Higiene y Seguridad del Trabajo, por lo que es necesario aplicar acciones correctivas en los puntos más débiles detectados, tales como incumplimiento del uso de los equipos de protección, la operación de los trabajadores en los trillos y la manipulación de carga física, las cuales permitirán que la empresa tenga un proceso que garantice un buen manejo y aplicación de las medidas de Seguridad e Higiene Ocupaciona

Interspecies interactions and potential Influenza A virus risk in small swine farms in Peru

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The recent avian influenza epidemic in Asia and the H1N1 pandemic demonstrated that influenza A viruses pose a threat to global public health. The animal origins of the viruses confirmed the potential for interspecies transmission. Swine are hypothesized to be prime "mixing vessels" due to the dual receptivity of their trachea to human and avian strains. Additionally, avian and human influenza viruses have previously been isolated in swine. Therefore, understanding interspecies contact on smallholder swine farms and its potential role in the transmission of pathogens such as influenza virus is very important.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This qualitative study aimed to determine swine-associated interspecies contacts in two coastal areas of Peru. Direct observations were conducted at both small-scale confined and low-investment swine farms (n = 36) and in open areas where swine freely range during the day (n = 4). Interviews were also conducted with key stakeholders in swine farming.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In both locations, the intermingling of swine and domestic birds was common. An unexpected contact with avian species was that swine were fed poultry mortality in 6/20 of the farms in Chancay. Human-swine contacts were common, with a higher frequency on the confined farms. Mixed farming of swine with chickens or ducks was observed in 36% of all farms. Human-avian interactions were less frequent overall. Use of adequate biosecurity and hygiene practices by farmers was suboptimal at both locations.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Close human-animal interaction, frequent interspecies contacts and suboptimal biosecurity and hygiene practices pose significant risks of interspecies influenza virus transmission. Farmers in small-scale swine production systems constitute a high-risk population and need to be recognized as key in preventing interspecies pathogen transfer. A two-pronged prevention approach, which offers educational activities for swine farmers about sound hygiene and biosecurity practices and guidelines and education for poultry farmers about alternative approaches for processing poultry mortality, is recommended. Virological and serological surveillance for influenza viruses will also be critical for these human and animal populations.</p

Correction to: Two years later: Is the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still having an impact on emergency surgery? An international cross-sectional survey among WSES members

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is still ongoing and a major challenge for health care services worldwide. In the first WSES COVID-19 emergency surgery survey, a strong negative impact on emergency surgery (ES) had been described already early in the pandemic situation. However, the knowledge is limited about current effects of the pandemic on patient flow through emergency rooms, daily routine and decision making in ES as well as their changes over time during the last two pandemic years. This second WSES COVID-19 emergency surgery survey investigates the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on ES during the course of the pandemic. Methods: A web survey had been distributed to medical specialists in ES during a four-week period from January 2022, investigating the impact of the pandemic on patients and septic diseases both requiring ES, structural problems due to the pandemic and time-to-intervention in ES routine. Results: 367 collaborators from 59 countries responded to the survey. The majority indicated that the pandemic still significantly impacts on treatment and outcome of surgical emergency patients (83.1% and 78.5%, respectively). As reasons, the collaborators reported decreased case load in ES (44.7%), but patients presenting with more prolonged and severe diseases, especially concerning perforated appendicitis (62.1%) and diverticulitis (57.5%). Otherwise, approximately 50% of the participants still observe a delay in time-to-intervention in ES compared with the situation before the pandemic. Relevant causes leading to enlarged time-to-intervention in ES during the pandemic are persistent problems with in-hospital logistics, lacks in medical staff as well as operating room and intensive care capacities during the pandemic. This leads not only to the need for triage or transferring of ES patients to other hospitals, reported by 64.0% and 48.8% of the collaborators, respectively, but also to paradigm shifts in treatment modalities to non-operative approaches reported by 67.3% of the participants, especially in uncomplicated appendicitis, cholecystitis and multiple-recurrent diverticulitis. Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still significantly impacts on care and outcome of patients in ES. Well-known problems with in-hospital logistics are not sufficiently resolved by now; however, medical staff shortages and reduced capacities have been dramatically aggravated over last two pandemic years

Uso de Ciencia Ciudadana para Determinar Factores de Mortalidad en sitios de Atropellamiento del oso hormiguero (Tamandua mexicana) en carreteras de Costa

EL USO DE CIENCIA CIUDADANA PARA DETERMINAR FACTORES DE MORTALIDAD EN SITIOS DE ATROPELLAMIENTO DEL OSO HORMIGUERO (Tamandua mexicana) EN CARRETERAS DE COSTA RICA Joel C. Sáenz, Gutíerrez, Diego. Instituto Internacional en Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestre, Universidad Nacional. Apo. 1350-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica El número de colisiones vehículos-fauna silvestre por año está aumentando de forma vertiginosa principalmente en países en desarrollo. Esto ha generado una reducción en algunas poblaciones de especies silvestres, lo cual puede acarrear incluso extinciones locales. El oso hormiguero (Tamandua mexicana) es uno de los mamíferos más abundantes en el Neotrópico, y una de sus principales amenazas, es la muerte en carreteras. Teniendo en cuenta este aspecto, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar qué características de la carretera y paisaje están relacionadas con la mayor probabilidad de atropellos para el oso hormiguero. Para lo cual, se usaron registros del oso hormiguero obtenido mediante ciencia ciudadana usando la aplicación (App) Observadores de Fauna en Carreteras de Costa Rica. Para la obtención de las variables de paisaje se usó el mapa de coberturas, ríos, poblados y carreteras de Costa Rica, y analizados mediante los SIGs. Para determinar que variables fueron las más influyentes en la probabilidad de atropellos del oso hormiguero, se usó modelos de regresión logística. De los 66 registros reportados, solo 56 se usaron como datos confiables en el análisis. El 98% de los registros ocurrió en carreteras primarias, y el 90% en secciones rectas de carreteras. Las variables más influyentes en la probabilidad de atropello del oso hormiguero fueron, la cercanía a bosques, mayor porcentaje de tierras no forestales y mayor distancia a poblados. Los resultados indican que las carreteras primarias en secciones rectas, con cercanía y mediana proporción de bosques alejados de los centros urbanos, son los sitios con mayor probabilidad para que esta especie sea atropellada. Esto indica que, para medidas de mitigación futuras para esta especie, deben tener en cuenta estas variables, de manera que se pueda reducir el impacto de los atropellos sobre esta especie.UN

UNA PROPUESTA PARA MITIGAR LOS ATROPELLAMENTOS DE FUANA SILVESTRE EN CAREETERAS DE MESOAMERICA

UNA PROPUESTA PARA MITIGAR LOS ATROPELLAMENTOS DE FUANA SILVESTRE EN CARRETERAS DE MESOAMERICA Joel C. Sáenz, Instituto Internacional en Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestre, Universidad Nacional. Apo. 1350-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica Uno de los impactos visibles de las carreteras alrededor del mundo, es la muerte por atropellamiento de la fauna silvestre, y en Mesoamérica esto es de vital importancia, porque es considerada un hot-spots de biodiversidad importantes del mundo. Muchas soluciones se han planteado para mitigar este impacto, desde soluciones tecnológicas a construcciones estructurales en la carretera, como los pasos de fauna. La construcción de pasos de fauna de forma deliberada requiere de una gran inversión en recursos, por lo tanto, los sitios de la carretera donde serán construidos deben de ser determinados con el menor error posible. Muchos han sugerido que los sitios de alta mortalidad son los sitios adecuados para instalar pasos de fauna, pero puede ser un error, debido a que los sitios de alta mortalidad generalmente cambian con el tiempo. En la carretera Interamericana Norte que atraviesa el área de Conservación Guanacaste se calcularon sitios de alta mortalidad para mamíferos en tres periodos distintos. El sitio de alta mortalidad de mamíferos fue diferente es los tres periodos, mostrando que construir pasos de fauna con un solo set de datos puede no ser adecuado. Para solventar este problema se plantea usar en conjunto los datos de los sitios de alta mortalidad, los sitios de ubicación de las alcantarillas (que usan la fauna silvestre) y un modelo de conectividad, este último, determina los segmentos más probables de la carretera que usar las especies para atravesarla; de esa manera, la construcción de los pasos de fauna será más adecuada y precisa. Se concluye que esta propuesta puede ser una aproximación más realista a la hora de ubicar y construir pasos de fauna y, que puede ser extendido para mitigar atropellamientos para otros taxas (anfibios, reptiles y aves) que comúnmente mueren en las carreteras de Mesoamérica.UN

Camera trapping ocelots: An evaluation of felid attractants

Ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) and other wild cats are often surveyed using camera traps to identify individuals for density estimation via capture-recapture analyses or estimate occupancy via detection/non-detection analyses. Though attractants are sometimes used in such surveys, there have not been any evaluations of the effectiveness of common visual and olfactory attractants in field settings. As part of a medium and large mammal camera survey in the San Juan – La Selva Biological Corridor, Costa Rica, we integrated camera trap data within an occupancy modelling framework to estimate the effects of hanging compact disks (visual), cologne (olfactory), and sardines in oil (olfactory) on ocelot detection probabilities. Compact disks appeared to have the most information-theoretic model support, whereas cologne received less model support. The use of compact disks in surveys was also less time-consuming and less expensive than the olfactory at tractants. Ocelots are visual hunters and using visual attractants can increase detection probabilities and therefore reduce uncertainty and/or reduce survey effort to obtain robust population or occu pancy estimates, although using cologne might also have similar effects. Depending on logistic constraints, we recommend employing several attractants as the most appropriate way to survey ocelots and other rare felids in the future when detection biases are assumed to be strong, particu larly as part of mammal community surveys.Universidad Nacional, Costa RicaInstituto Internacional en Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestr

Abundance, size and population structure of whitetip reef sharks, Triaenodon obesus (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae), in Bahia Chatham, Parque Nacional Isla del Coco, Costa Rica.

Approximately 12 species of shark inhabit at Coco Island National Park (PNIC); some are migratory, such as the hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) and whale shark (Rincodon typus), and others are resident, like the whitetip shark (Triaenodon obesus). The whitetip shark is a species related to coral reefs, it inhabits coastal environments and is nocturnal and, it is very common in tropical waters, but there are few studies worldwide. In fact, only short researches have been done about their behavior at PNIC. Therefore, this study aimed to give data about the abundance, size and population structure of the whitetip shark at Chatham Bay in Coco Island National Park, providing baseline information for monitoring its population which is also very vulnerable to climate change. In order to accomplish this aim, a mark-recapture method was used, as well as underwater visual counts to determine their relative abundance and visual recaptures at Chatham Bay. The most effective hours for tagging were between 18:00 and 22:00 (sunset), when the whitetip sharks were more active probably related to foraging behavior. In addition, the depth was a relevant factor for tagging, sharks were caught in shallow water (10.9±1.9m). This species prefers to feed in shallow water and this behavior is probably related to the distribution and occurrence of rock and coral reefs in Chatham Bay. Based on the results, whitetip shark do not have a defined spatial ontogenic segregation, since in the same sites both juveniles and adults were found. The study confirmed that whitetip shark use specific residence sites: during the tagging trips, different individuals were recaptured; and during the underwater counts, at least 32.76% of tagged sharks were observed. The average length of the tagged sharks was 101.8±12.1cm (130.0cm maximum and 71.0cm minimum). The relative abundance of the whitetip shark in Chatham Bay observed was estimated on 49.5±10.4 sharks/hour. Furthermore, using the recapture data obtained during the night tagging expeditions, a population of 408 (IC = 181-1050) sharks was estimatedUniversidad Nacional, Costa RicaInstituto Internacional en Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestr