Assessing the Process of Extension Program Development in Iranian Agricultural Extension System

The purpose of this study was to assess the process ofextension program development in Iranian Agricultural ExtensionSystem (IAES). The research instrument was a structuralquestionnaire with close-ended questions which its validity andreliability was confirmed by using expert panel and Cranach’salpha test, respectively. The target population of this researchincluded all extension managers who were responsible for doingextension activities in Iran’s townships (N=334). According toKrejcie and Morgan’s table, a number of 191 persons selected asstatistical sample in a stratified sampling method, and finally198 questionnaires were gathered and analyzed (n=198). Overall,the use of the process of extension program development inIAES was at less than moderate level. The other results also indicatedthere was the significantly positive relationship betweenselected demographic characteristics of extension managers withtheir viewpoint on the use of the process of extension programdevelopment in IAES. These results highlight the need for thereform of the process of agricultural extension program developmentin IAES

Surface-polaritonic phase singularities and multimode polaritonic frequency combs via dark rogue-wave excitation in hybrid plasmonic waveguide

International audienc

The expression of Cysteine-Rich Secretory Protein 2 (CRISP2) and miR-582-5p in seminal plasma fluid and spermatozoa of infertile men

Cysteine-Rich Secretory Protein 2 (CRISP2) plays an important role in the morphology and motion of male ejaculated spermatozoa. The association of its expression with some miRNAs is also well known. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of CRISP2 and mir-582 in the seminal plasma fluid and spermatozoa of three groups of infertile men and the possible association of their expressions. In this experimental study, the expression of CRISP2 in seminal plasma fluid and spermatozoa of 17 men with asthenozoospermia, 15 men with teratozoospermia, 17 men with teratoasthenozoospermia, and 18 infertile individuals with normozoospermia were measured using western blotting. Then by using bioinformatics studies, miR-582-5p was nominated as a CRISP2-associated miRNA, and its expression was evaluated by means of Real-Time PCR. Comparison of expression of CRISP2 and miRNA-582 in the studied groups was analyzed by t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. The expression of CRISP2 showed a significant reduction in the spermatozoa and seminal plasma fluid of all three groups, (p < 0.05). MiR-582-5p expression significantly increased in teratozoospermia patients (<0.05), and significantly decreased in teratoasthenozoospermia patients (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, changes in the expression of miR-582-5p in teratoasthenozoospermia individuals was associated with a decrease in the expression of CRISP2, which could represent the potential role of miR-582-5p in regulation of CRISP2 expression in teratoasthenozoospermia individuals