A study of three dimensional turbulent boundary layer separation and vortex flow control using the reduced Navier Stokes equations

A reduced Navier Stokes (RNS) initial value space marching solution technique was applied to vortex generator and separated flow problems and demonstrated good predictions of the engine face flow field. This RNS solution technique using FLARE approximations can adequately describe the topological and topographical structure flow separation associated with vortex liftoff, and this conclusion led to the concept of a subclass of separations which can be called vorticity separations: separations dominated by the transport of vorticity. Adequate near wall resolution of vorticity separations appears necessary for good predictions of these flows

Affecting phantasm: the genesis of Pakistan inThe Heart Divided

This article explores the Partition narrative put forward by Mumtaz Shah Nawaz’s novel The Heart Divided (1948), which is set in 1930s and 1940s colonial India. It argues that the novel’s teleological narrative proposes both the inevitability and desirability of Pakistan as it emerged from and through nationalist liberation movements for Indian independence. It utilizes theories of affect to illuminate the ways in which affects of belonging power much of the drive for the creation of Pakistan in the novel, and are used to consolidate a sense of Hindu-Muslim difference. The article furthermore proposes that emotions exist in tension with bureaucracy, and that affects of belonging to the nation repress the violence that characterized Partition. The analysis engages with the novel as a Partition narrative that does not address the human cost of Partition

Fine needle aspiration cytology of hepatic metastases of neuroendocrine tumors: A 20‐year retrospective, single institutional study

Background Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is considered an excellent technique for documenting metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of FNA in diagnosing metastatic NETs to the liver and determining the grade and origin of these metastases. Methods Our laboratory information system was searched from 1997 to 2016 to identify all cases of metastatic NETs to the liver that were sampled by FNA. The cytopathology and surgical pathology reports as well as the patients' electronic medical records were reviewed. The cytohistologic type and grade of the metastatic NETs, as well as the site of the patient's primary were recorded. Results High‐grade NETs, including small cell and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, constituted 62% (167/271) of the cases, while low‐grade NETs, including well differentiated NET (grade1 and grade 2), pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and carcinoid tumors of lung, constituted 38% (104/271) of cases. The most common diagnosis was metastatic small cell carcinoma accounting for 45% (122/271) of cases. The most common primary sites were lung (44%; 119/271) followed by pancreas (19%; 51/271). The FNA diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology in 121 cases that had a concurrent biopsies or resection specimens. Conclusions FNA is an accurate method for diagnosing metastatic NETs to the liver. There were significantly more high‐grade (62%) than low‐grade (38%) metastatic NETs to the liver. In our practice, lung (44%) and pancreas (19%) were the most common primary sites of metastatic NETs involving the liver. In 16% of the cases, a primary site could not be established