558 research outputs found
Always Archigram
The title for my talk today is «Always Archigram,» because in it I want to think about the legacies of the Archigram group, the famous British neo-avant-garde of the 1960s. I will suggest that advanced architecture never quite leaves Archigram behind.Peer Reviewe
Diaspora Varieties of Korean: Morpho-syntactic Contrasts in Koryo Mar and Vernacular Yanbian Korean
This paper identifies and examines numerous points of morpho-syntactic contrast in two transplanted varieties of Korean—Central Asian Koryo Mar (KM) and Chinese Vernacular Yanbian Korean (VYK). This allows us to evaluate implicit claims made about the synchronic forms of these dialects, for example those concerning their relationship to peninsula varieties of Korean, and also provides insights into the factors underlying the development of languages in transplanted contexts. The main findings of this paper confirm that KM and VYK's shared features, such as particle forms and verb endings, are strongly associated with the North Hamgyeong and Yukchin varieties of Korean and their common dialectological origins in the North East of the Korean peninsula. The longevity of these features suggests a ‘founder effect’ in the development of these transplanted varieties
Excited-state dynamics of a two-photon-activatable ruthenium prodrug
We present a new approach to investigate how the photodynamics of an octahedral ruthenium(II) complex activated through two-photon absorption (TPA) differ from the equivalent complex activated through one-photon absorption (OPA). We photoactivated a RuII polypyridyl complex containing bioactive monodentate ligands in the photodynamic therapy window (620–1000 nm) by using TPA and used transient UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy to elucidate its reaction pathways. Density functional calculations allowed us to identify the nature of the initially populated states and kinetic analysis recovers a photoactivation lifetime of approximately 100 ps. The dynamics displayed following TPA or OPA are identical, showing that TPA prodrug design may use knowledge gathered from the more numerous and easily conducted OPA studies
The physical origins of gas in the circumgalactic medium using observationally-motivated TNG50 mocks
Absorbers in the spectrum of background objects probe the circumgalactic
medium (CGM) surrounding galaxies, but its physical properties remain
unconstrained. We use the cosmological hydrodynamical simulation TNG50 to
statistically trace the origins of HI Ly- absorbers around galaxies at
with stellar masses ranging from 10 to 10 M. We
emulate observational CGM studies by considering all gas within a line of sight
velocity range of km s from the central, to quantitatively
assess the impact of other galaxy haloes and overdense gas in the IGM that
intersect sightlines. The impact of satellites to the total absorber fraction
is most significant at impact parameters
and satellites with masses below typical detection limits (
M) account for 10 (40) per cent of absorbers that intersect any
satellite bound to and M centrals. After
confirming outflows are more dominant along the minor axis, we additionally
show that at least 20 per cent of absorbers exhibit no significant radial
movement, indicating that absorbers can also trace quasi-static gas. The
metallicity of absorbers also depends on the azimuthal angle, but this signal
is largely driven by enriched inflowing and quasi-static gas. Our work shows
that determining the stellar mass of galaxies at is essential to
constrain the physical origin of the gas traced in absorption, which in turn is
key to characterising the kinematics and distribution of gas and metals in the
CGM.Comment: 23 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
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Sperm DNA methylation epimutation biomarker for paternal offspring autism susceptibility
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased over tenfold over the past several decades and appears predominantly associated with paternal transmission. Although genetics is anticipated to be a component of ASD etiology, environmental epigenetics is now also thought to be an important factor. Epigenetic alterations, such as DNA methylation, have been correlated with ASD. The current study was designed to identify a DNA methylation signature in sperm as a potential biomarker to identify paternal offspring autism susceptibility.Methods and results: Sperm samples were obtained from fathers that have children with or without autism, and the sperm then assessed for alterations in DNA methylation. A genome-wide analysis (> 90%) for differential DNA methylation regions (DMRs) was used to identify DMRs in the sperm of fathers (n = 13) with autistic children in comparison with those (n = 13) without ASD children. The 805 DMR genomic features such as chromosomal location, CpG density and length of the DMRs were characterized. Genes associated with the DMRs were identified and found to be linked to previously known ASD genes, as well as other neurobiology-related genes. The potential sperm DMR biomarkers/diagnostic was validated with blinded test sets (n = 8-10) of individuals with an approximately 90% accuracy.Conclusions: Observations demonstrate a highly significant set of 805 DMRs in sperm that can potentially act as a biomarker for paternal offspring autism susceptibility. Ancestral or early-life paternal exposures that alter germline epigenetics are anticipated to be a molecular component of ASD etiology
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