Synthesis of mg/al layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoplates for efficient removal of nitarate from aqueous solutions

Leaching of nitrate is an important issue on the losses of nitrate from agriculture soils in temperate zone. Decomposition of plants and other organic residues in the soil and improper discharge of sewage lead to the presence of nitrates in the sources of surface and groundwater and flowing water drainage in agricultural drainage networks and their pollution. This study aimed to study the potential use of chloride layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoplates to remove nitrate from aqueous solutions. The nano-material of chloride-LDH was made by hydrothermal technique and then, its characteristics were specified through scanning electron micrograph and removal of nitrate from aqueous solution by the minerals was investigated in terms of pH, time, speed of shaker, different concentrations of adsorbent and surface adsorption isotherm. Microscopic images of built nanoplates were examined using FESEM and SEM electron microscope with two magnifications. The thickness of nanoplates was about 20nm and their diameter was about 250 nm. Magnified image of the synthesized nanostructures shows squamous-shape. Surface adsorption isotherm of nitrate by chloride- LDH nanoplate was explained with Langmuir model shown with the values greater than 2R. In surface adsorption of nitrate, the optimal values were measured as following: pH = 7, speed = 250 rpm, time = 45 min, concentration of adsorbent = 0.1gr.  This material could adsorb nitrates from aqueous solutions efficiently and effectively.Keywords: pollution, nitrate, layered double hydroxide, hydrothermal, surface adsorptio

Wave function-dependent mobility and suppression of interface roughness scattering in a strained SiGe p-channel field-effect structure

The 4 K Hall mobility has been measured in a top-gated, inverted, modulation-doped Si/Si0.8Ge0.2 structure having a Si:B doping layer beneath the alloy. From comparisons with theoretical calculations, we argue that, unlike an ordinary enhancement-mode SiGe p-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor structure, this configuration leads to a decrease of interface roughness scattering with increasing sheet carrier density. We also speculate on the nature of the interface charge observed in these structures at low temperature

Effective factors on adoption technology among trout fish farms in Guilan Province

The main purpose of this study was to investigate effective factors on adopting technologies among trout fish farmers in Guilan province by Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Statistical population of this research contained of all managers of trout fish farms of Guilan province (N=170) that base on limitation of structural equation modelling in determining sample size, 97 of them were chosen as a sample. Study tool was contained Vankatesh and et al. information technology questionnaire in six items. To obtain validity of questionnaire; content, face, convergent and discriminant validity were used. As well, to obtain reliability of questionnaire; principal component analysis, Cronbachs alpha, Dillon-Goldstein’s ʃ and reagent stability were used. To accomplish analysis of data, SPSSV19 and SmartPLSV2 software were used in descriptive and inferential statistics. For testing hypothesis, structural equation model (SEM) and partial least squares (PLS) that focus on reagent variance were used. The results showed that there was significant relationship between performance expectancy and behavioral intention. Also there was significant relationship between intention to use and use behavior of aquaculture technologies. Model explains 28.8 percent of behavioral intention variance and 7.9 percent of use behavior of aquaculture technologies variance among trout fish farmers. To increase willingness to accept the technology among trout fish farms in Guilan province, it is suggested that extension-education courses for raising knowledge and awareness of aquaculture technology to be held by organizations. Providing financial resources and adequate knowledge will enable trout fish farms to equip with the aquaculture technologies

Abuse of transmission congestion existing naturally or created by bidding strategies in order to exert market power

Market power ..

Back gating of a two-dimensional hole gas in a SiGe quantum well

A device comprising a low-resistivity, n-type, Si substrate as a back gate to a p-type (boron), remote-doped, SiGe quantum well has been fabricated and characterized. Reverse and forward voltage biasing of the gate with respect to the two-dimensional hole gas in the quantum well allows the density of holes to be varied from 8 × 1011 cm–2 down to a measurement-limited value of 4 × 1011 cm–2. This device is used to demonstrate the evolution with decreasing carrier density of a re-entrant insulator state between the integer quantum Hall effect states with filling factors 1 and 3

Promotion of GM-PHD Filtering Approach for Single-Target Tracking in Raw Data of Synthetic Aperture Radar in Spotlight Imaging Mode

So far multi-antenna techniques have been used in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to track moving targets. These techniques carry out the tracking of moving targets in an imaging area, using a combination of the data received by two or several antennas. The aim of this paper is single-target tracking in SAR Spotlight imaging mode based on the promoted PHD filter. In most applications, target tracking in densely cluttered environment using radar system demands robust filtering so as to increase the tracking efficiency. Therefore, tracking of moving targets in the presence of high density clutters in environment, as the particular capability of the PHD filter, has turned it into a robust approach in SAR to track moving targets. Also as the simulation results show, using Range Cell Migration Compensation (RCMC) on SAR raw data before tracking, makes it possible to track a moving target with high quality

Metastability in spin polarised Fermi gases and quasiparticle decays

We investigate the metastability associated with the first order transition from normal to superfluid phases in the phase diagram of two-component polarised Fermi gases.We begin by detailing the dominant decay processes of single quasiparticles.Having determined the momentum thresholds of each process and calculated their rates, we apply this understanding to a Fermi sea of polarons by linking its metastability to the stability of individual polarons, and predicting a region of metastability for the normal partially polarised phase. In the limit of a single impurity, this region extends from the interaction strength at which a polarised phase of molecules becomes the groundstate, to the one at which the single quasiparticle groundstate changes character from polaronic to molecular. Our argument in terms of a Fermi sea of polarons naturally suggests their use as an experimental probe. We propose experiments to observe the threshold of the predicted region of metastability, the interaction strength at which the quasiparticle groundstate changes character, and the decay rate of polarons

One-pot, three-component synthesis of novel δ-sultam scaffolds via N-sulfonylation—intramolecular Michael sequences.

The synthesis of novel δ-sultam scaffolds utilizing one-pot, three-component reactions of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, primary aliphatic amines and substituted styrenesulfonyl chlorides is reported. A variety of six-membered sultams are obtained in moderate to good yields presumably via N-sulfonylation—intramolecular Michael addition sequences