Comparison of Endometrial Thickness with Concomitant Administration of Sildenafil Citrate and Ethinyl Estradiol vs Ethinyl Estradiol Alone for Frozen Embryo Transfer

Introduction: Infertility is one of the common medical issues in today's world. One of the common causes of infertility is the lack of implantation of the embryo. Aim: To compare the effect of Ethinyl Estradiol (E2) alone on Endometrial Thickness (ET) with that of sildenafil citrate and E2 combination. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 70 infertile women undergoing treatment with Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ARTs) were randomly divided into two groups of 35 each. One group received E2 and vaginal sildenafil and the other E2 alone. On the seventh day of the cycle and, if necessary, until ET reached 8 mm, ET in both groups was measured by transvaginal ultrasound. After the embryo transfer, Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (BHCG) was performed in both groups. The measured thickness of uterus and BHCG were recorded in the checklist for both groups. Data were analysed by SPSS and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean duration (in days) to reach an 8 mm ET in infertile women in the E2+sildenafil group (13.59 +/- 3.07) was lower than that in the E2 group (14.88 +/- 4.78), yet insignificant (p=0.21). Although the mean dose (mg) of E2 and duration (day) to reach an 8 mm ET in the E2+ sildenafil group was lower than those in the E2 group, significance (p) levels were 0.02 and 0.21, respectively. Conclusion: In infertile women undergoing ARTs, co-administration of sildenafil citrate and E2 increased ET relatively and reduced the dose of E2 and the duration of its administration

The Causes of Insufficient Breast Milk and Approach to it: Perspectives of Persian Medicine and Classical Medicine

زمینه و هدف: شیر مادر اولین غذای طبیعی شیرخوار تا شش ماهگی می‌باشد. شایع‌ترین عامل قطع آن، کمبود شیر است که علی‌رغم تلاش‌های صورت‌گرفته، اما همچنان در رأس موانع تغذیه انحصاری با شیر مادر می‌باشد. طب سنتی ایران برای شیردهی موفق و نیز پیشگیری و درمان مشکلات این دوران تدابیر ویژه‌ای ارائه نموده است. هدف این مطالعه بررسی علل کمبود شیر مادر و نحوه برخورد با آن در طب ایرانی و مقایسه آن با طب کلاسیک می‌باشد. مواد و روش‌ها‌: در این مطالعه مروری علل کمبود شیر مادر و نحوه درمان آن در منابع مرجع طب ایرانی در کنار مقالات مرتبط طب سنتی و طب نوین از بانک‌های اطلاعاتی پزشکی تحلیل و مقایسه گردیدند. یافته‌ها: تولید شیر فرآیندی عصبی ـ هورمونی است که تحت تأثیر شرایط جسمی و روانی متعددی قرار می‌گیرد. ارتباط تنگاتنگ پستان با رحم و مغز در هر دو مکتب طبی به اثبات رسیده است. علل کمبود شیر را می‌توان در ۲ دسته کلی عوامل مربوط به ماده مولد شیر (خون صالح) و عوامل مربوط به عضو تولیدکننده شیر (پستان) قرار داد. بنابراین درمان عمدتاً مبتنی بر ایجاد دم صالح از طریق تغذیه مناسب و سایر اصول حفظ‏الصحه، برطرف‌نمودن سوءمزاج موجود و استفاده از غذاها و داروهای شیرافزا می‌باشد. از دیدگاه طب کلاسیک مهم‌ترین علت کمبود شیر، عدم تخلیه کافی شیر از پستان‌ها که اغلب در اثر تکنیک‌های نادرست شیردهی است، می‌باشد، لذا در طب رایج آموزش شیردهی صحیح به مادر و تقویت ارتباط مادر و شیرخوار از اهمیت بیشتری در مواجهه با این مشکل برخوردار است. نتیجه‏گیری: با بهره‌گیری از تدابیر حفظ‌الصحه‌ خاص دوران شیردهی و دستورات درمانی مربوطه، در کنار آموزش تکنیک‌های صحیح شیردهی منطبق بر طب کلاسیک می‌توان گام‏های مؤثرتری در رفع مشکل کمبود شیر مادر برداشت.Background and Aim:&nbsp;Breast milk is the first natural food for infants up to 6 months. Insufficient Milk Supply (IMS) is the most common of its discontinuation, which despite efforts, is still at the top of the problems of exclusive breastfeeding. Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) proposed specific approaches for successful lactation, prevention and treatment of breastfeeding problems. This study focused on the causes and approaches to IMS based on ITM and compare it with Classical Medicine. Materials and Methods:&nbsp;In this review article the causes and treatments of IMS were searched from ITM references and were analyzed and compared along with studies from ITM and Classical Medicine which collected from medical databases. Findings:&nbsp;Lactation is a neuro-hormonal process that is affected by several psychological and physical factors. The close relationship between the breast, uterus and brain has been proven in both medical doctrines. Causes of IMS can be classified into two main categories: causes of milk-producing source (good blood) and milk-producing organ (breast). Therefor treatment is mainly based on the good blood production through proper nutrition and the other healthy lifestyle principles (Hifz-o-Sihhe), eliminating distemperament and using galactogogues foods and herbal medicines. From the Classical Medicine perspective, the most important cause of IMS is the lack of adequate milk removal often due to improper lactation techniques so the correction of breastfeeding skills and improvement of mother-infant relationship is notable in management of IMS. Conclusion:&nbsp;By using the ITM perspective along with teaching of breastfeeding skills based on Classical Medicine, more effective management of IMS will be approached. &nbsp; Please cite this article as:&nbsp;Jahangir M, Emaratkar E, Nakhaie SH, Sadeghian M, Faghihzadeh S. The Causes of Insufficient Breast Milk and Approach to it: Perspectives of Persian Medicine and Classical Medicine.&nbsp;Med Hist J&nbsp;2018; 10(34): 95-108

Cytomegalovirus Infection in a Patient With Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type 1

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD-1) is a rare autosomal recessive immunodeficiency disorder, characterized by recurrent bacterial and fungal infections without pus formation. Herein, we report a case of LAD-1 that developed into gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease and manifested with persistent abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. Although the presence of concurrent gastrointestinal CMV infection with LAD-1 is a rare condition, this case highlights the need for further research to evaluate the complex mechanisms between LAD-1 and CMV occurrence

Determination of Iranian Walnut and Pistachio Mineral Contents

ABSTRACT Iran is the first largest producer of Pistachios and the third producer of walnuts in the world. This study was conducted to evaluate of mineral concentration of Iranian Walnut (Juglans regia L) and pistachio (Pistacia Vera). Pistachio of Damghan region and walnut of Hamedan city was used in this study. Dried digestion was used for Determination of Na, K, Ca, Mn, Cr and wet digestion method was applied for Fe and Zn. Finally Levels of Na, K, Ca, Mn, Cr, Zn, and Fe in the cultivars, and their regional water and soil were analyzed by Atomic absorption spectroscopy. The mineral contents of Walnut and pistachiocultivars wer

The Relation between Stock Price Response and Sustained Earnings Growth

Abstract: Firms with growing trend of profitability in previous years could achieve suitable position in capital market and are very concerned about their reputation. Their concern is whether earnings forecast issuing can maintain reputation of the firms or damage it? Therefore, forecast earnings should be issued in such a way to maintain the growing trend of the previous earnings. The study is aimed to investigate the effects of sustainable pattern of growing earning on stock price response. The sample includes 104 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2006 and 2011. Results indicate that reaction of stock price to bad news of earnings forecast in firms with sustained growing earnings is different from other firms. Meanwhile, reaction of capital market to good news and earnings per share forecast accuracy is not affected by sustained growth of earnings

A prospective study of psychomotor performance of driving among two kinds of shift work in Iran.

Background and aimDriving after a night shift imposes a risk on health care professionals and other road users. The aim of this study was to measure psychomotor performance of driving of night shift nurses compared to day-shift nurses.MethodsForty-seven volunteer female nurses working at Sina hospital in Tehran, Iran, with a call in all departments of hospital, participated in this study (23 night shift and 24 day shift nurses) in 2016. The tests included RT for simple reaction time, ATAVT for perceptual speed, LVT for visual orientation and ZBA for time anticipation. Data collection tools were individual characteristics, 11-item circadian type inventory (CTI), Stanford sleepiness scale (SSS), and Swedish occupational fatigue inventory (SOFI-20) questionnaires. Psychomotor driving performance was assessed using validated computerized traffic psychological battery of Vienna Test System (VTS), before and after the shifts. Data analysis was performed using paired-samples t-test and Linear Regression.ResultsThe mean age of day and night-shift nurses were 31.4±5.6 and 28.7±3.9 years respectively, no significant difference between two groups. Thirty percent of night shift and 16.7% of day shift nurses reported traffic accidents in the past year. The results revealed that, scores based on viewing times in visual orientation test (p=0.005), and median reaction time score in choice reaction time and reactive stress tolerance test (p=0.045), had a significant association with a 12-hour night shift with a 3-hour nap.ConclusionsTwelve-hour night shift work impairs choice reaction time and visual orientation in nurses, even though they take a 3- hour nap during the shift. These skills are required for safe driving

A prospective study of psychomotor performance of driving among two kinds of shift work in Iran

Background and aim: Driving after a night shift imposes a risk on health care professionals and other road users. The aim of this study was to measure psychomotor performance of driving of night shift nurses compared to day-shift nurses. Methods: Forty-seven volunteer female nurses working at Sina hospital in Tehran, Iran, with a call in all departments of hospital, participated in this study (23 night shift and 24 day shift nurses) in 2016. The tests included RT for simple reaction time, ATAVT for perceptual speed, LVT for visual orientation and ZBA for time anticipation. Data collection tools were individual characteristics, 11-item circadian type inventory (CTI), Stanford sleepiness scale (SSS), and Swedish occupational fatigue inventory (SOFI-20) questionnaires. Psychomotor driving performance was assessed using validated computerized traffic psychological battery of Vienna Test System (VTS), before and after the shifts. Data analysis was performed using paired-samples t-test and Linear Regression. Results: The mean age of day and night-shift nurses were 31.4±5.6 and 28.7±3.9 years respectively, no significant difference between two groups. Thirty percent of night shift and 16.7% of day shift nurses reported traffic accidents in the past year. The results revealed that, scores based on viewing times in visual orientation test (p=0.005), and median reaction time score in choice reaction time and reactive stress tolerance test (p=0.045), had a significant association with a 12-hour night shift with a 3-hour nap. Conclusions: Twelve-hour night shift work impairs choice reaction time and visual orientation in nurses, even though they take a 3- hour nap during the shift. These skills are required for safe driving