Monitoring of Residues of Oxydemeton-Methyl in Greenhouse Vegetables in Shahrekord, Iran

Abstract-In order to increase yield and quality of some fruits and vegetables, pesticides are repeatedly applied during the entire growth period. The aim of this study was to monitor Oxydemeton-methyl residuals (as a model pesticide) in cucumbers and tomatoes, as the most consumed vegetables and also grown in greenhouse farms of Shahrekord, Iran. The vegetable samples were collected in during a six-month period from two big greenhouse farms located in Shahrekord vicinity which use this pesticide. Sampling was accomplished after one week of any stage of pesticides spray application. Analyses were performed by Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) method. The average values of pesticide residuals in unwashed, washed and peeled cucumber samples were 0.23± 0.17, 0.18± 0.1, 0.15± 0.6 0.08± 0.5(µg/kg) respectively. The average values of the residues in unwashed, washed and peeled tomato samples were 1.61± 0.8, 0.85± 0.09, 0.67± 0.04 (µg/kg) respectively. The results showed that the pesticide residuals in total cucumber and tomato samples were more than permissible limit. Peeling and washing were effective but didn’t decrease the pesticide level lower than the permissible limit. Consumers are recommended to wash and to peel cucumbers and tomatoes before they consume in order to reduce daily intake of the toxicants through the diet

A Description and Evaluation of Hot Potatoes Web-authoring Software in Educational Settings

In the late twentieth century, information and communication technologies (ICTs) came to the service of education in order to change and facilitate the learning process in pedagogical settings. In order to support the learning process of children and/or students, teachers –along with implying effective teaching principles and techniques in their classrooms −may benefit the potential of the computer and the web-based programs. The educational program Hot Potatoes, innovated by Half-Baked Software, Inc., was designed to allow educators to create interactive, Web-based exercises that can be used by learners at any Internet terminal with a standard Web browser. The software favors six different applications, namely: J Quiz, J Cloze, J Match, J Mix, J Cross and Masher; Moreover, Hot Potatoes program has  also the capability to create interactive Web exercises without programming knowledge. With the help of the above mentioned six modules, educators are able to create different interactive web-based exercises and to combine them into one unit and publish them as Web Page. As such, the current study sheds more light on the use and application of Hot Potatoes software and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of this interactive, Web authoring, pedagogical program

The Effects of core stability Exercise on the dynamic balance of volleyball players

Dynamic balance is a key component of injury prevention and rehabilitation in sports. Training the core muscles has been hypothesized as an intervention for improving balance. However, there is a lack of current scientific evidence to support this claim. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a core stability program on dynamic balance of volleyball players as measured with the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). Thirty healthy participants were divided into 2 groups: control and exercise groups. All participants performed the SEBT before and after 8-week exercise time. During the 8-week time, the exercise group performed a core stability program, whereas the control group abstained from any new exercise. These results also illustrated there was significant differences in the scores for pre-test and post-test of all direction according SEBT in the experimental group. An independent sample t-test was conducted to compare experimental and control group (F= 43.573, Sig= 0.000). These results were a significant difference in the scores for control and experimental groups. Maximum excursion distances improved for the exercise group, compared with the control group. This result justifies the hypothesis that core strengthening can improve dynamic postural control during landing of volleyball players significantly

Effect of Twelve Sessions of Tai Chi Exercise on Static and Dynamic Balance in Young Girls

Background: Tai Chi is Chinese martial art strengthening the performance of individuals. Objectives: The purpose of present study is to determine the effect of a Tai Chi exercise period on static and dynamic balance of young girls. Methods: For the purpose of this research, 32 young girls were voluntarily selected and randomly divided into two groups: Tai Chi training group (21 subjects; mean ± SD; age 22.05±2.4 weight 53.67±6.3 kg, height 1.60±0.5 m) and control group (11 subjects; mean ± SD; age 23.37±0.9 weight 53.64±7.8 kg, height 1.62±0.4 m) players. Static and dynamic balance were measured using Biodex Balance System SD three days before and after a 12-session training period with similar conditions in terms of time and place (75 minutes each session). Results: Mixed repeated measure test showed a significant difference between pre and post-tests in open eye single-foot, closed eye single-foot, open eye two-foot, and closed eye two-foot stances (p=0.001). However, no significant difference was revealed in the control group (p0.05). While there was better balance state in all stances of Tai Chi group, no significant difference was observed between the groups in this respect (p0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this research indicated the effectiveness of Tai Chi exercises on static and dynamic balance of young girls. Although there was no significant difference in effect of exercise between training and control groups, mean percentage of changes in training group revealed the effectiveness of exercise in training group compared to control. Therefore, Tai Chi exercises can be recommended to treat and prevent injury due to poor balance. We suggested performing Tai Chi more than 12 session in order to enhance it influences

Complications of Orthognathic Surgery

Orthognathic surgery is a common approach for treatment of maxillofacial deformities. Sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) is one of the most common techniques used to treat various mandibular deformities. A LeFort I osteotomy is suggested in deformities of the maxilla and can be used along with SSRO or intra‐oral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO).The aim of orthognathic surgery is to improve function and facial appearance; this benefits the patient psychologically and socially. Common complications which may occur in orthognathic surgery include vascular disease, temporomandibular joints (TMJ) problems, nerve damage, infection, bone necrosis, periodontal disease, vision impairment, hearing problems, hair loss, and neuropsychiatric problems. Rarely complications could be fatal. Because of the wide range of complications the surgeon should keep prevention protocols in mind and be prepared to treat them should they occur. In this chapter, common complications of various osteotomies in the mandible and maxilla are discussed

Evaluating the performance of clarification and ultraviolet units in disinfection of Isfahan North waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluent in pilot plant

زمینه و هدف: استفاده از پساب تصفیه خانه فاضلاب شهری به خصوص در مصارف کشاورزی مستلزم گندزدایی پساب تا حد استاندارد می باشد. کاربرد اشعه UV به دلیل معایب کمتر در مقایسه با سایر گندزداها، در نقاط مختلف دنیا در حال گسترش است. هدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی امکان تصفیه و گندزدایی پساب تصفیه خانه فاضلاب شمال اصفهان با واحد زلال سازی و اشعه UV می باشد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی از یک واحد زلال ساز و دو نوع سیستم گندزدایی فرابنفش کم فشار (LP) و فشار متوسط (MP) جهت گندزدایی پساب ثانویه استفاده شد. پارامترهای میکروبی کلیفرم کل و مدفوعی، استرپتوکوک مدفوعی و همچنین پارامترهای شیمیایی کل مواد معلق TSS (Total Suspended Solids)، آهن، سختی، جذب و عبور اشعه UV در نمونه های برداشت شده قبل و بعد از واحدها مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون آماری t زوجی تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. یافته ها: متوسط عبور اشعهUV در طول موج nm254 (نانومتر) از پساب زلال شده 34 درصد و میزان جذب اشعهau/cm 47/0 بدست آمد. در گندزدایی پساب زلال شده توسط لامپ LP، MP و تلفیق هر دو نوع لامپ، به ترتیب در دوز اشعه 400، 576 و mws/cm2 407 (میلی وات ثانیه بر سانتی متر مربع) غلظت کلیفرم‌ها به حد استاندارد سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست ایرانml) 100 FC/ 400 و TC1000 (رسید و تعداد استرپتوکوک مدفوعی در دوزهای mws/cm2400، 422 و mws/cm2407 تا log 5 کاهش یافت (05/0