Morphological and molecular characterization of Libyan olive, Olea europaea l., cultivars (42 local and 16 wild type) in comparison to 41 introduced (world) cultivars

2014 Spring.Olive (Olea europaea L.) consumption and production are important socially and economically in Libya. Olive cultivars that are adapted to local conditions produce olives that have high quality and quantities of oil. Many of the important olive cultivars grown in Libya were evaluated in this research. One goal of this project was to determine the plasticity of morphological traits of olive cultivars that have been grown at diverse locations within Libya. A second goal was to identify a set of traits that are independent of each other and show limited variation (stable traits) regardless of the environmental conditions. The stable traits were then used in subsequent analyses to correlate genetic and phenotypic characteristics of Libyan olives. Two different groups of olives were compared: the 45 landraces and the 45 cultivars of Olea europaea subsp europaea var. sativa. Morphological data were collected for a total of 39 morphological traits (22 quantitative and 17 qualitative), which were then combined and analyzed to determine phenotypic diversity among different locations. Differences in many of the morphological traits were observed across the cultivars. These sets of data were used to identify unique and desirable Libyan landraces morphologically. Stable phenotypic traits were used to discriminate between use of fruit (oil or dual-purpose) as well as cultivar origins (local or introduced). This research demonstrates that local Libyan cultivars (landraces) have unique characteristics that differentiate them from imported cultivars. Ten microsatellite markers were used to differentiate and evaluate the relationships among a total of 91 olive genotypes (39 landraces, 36 introduced cultivars and 16 wild types) collected in Libya. A total of 109 alleles were identified using 10 loci, with the number of alleles per locus ranging from 4 to 20. Three loci (UDO43, DCA16 and GAPU101) had the most alleles with 20, 18 and 16, respectively. The wild types and introduced cultivars had greater numbers of alleles than the local cultivars. Six cases of duplicated genotypes, two cases of synonymy, and thirteen homonyms that were genetically distinct were observed in the Libyan collection. UPGMA clustering classified the accessions into two main distinct groups. The first group consisted of landraces and the second group included introduced cultivars and wild type accessions. Admixture analysis also distinguished between landraces and wild genotypes. In general, molecular data enables one to separate the Libyan olive accessions based on their orgin but not on their fruit use

Water Supply Alternatives for the Tripoli Area, North-Western Libya

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

A New Approach to Manage QoS in Distributed Multimedia Systems

Dealing with network congestion is a criterion used to enhance quality of service (QoS) in distributed multimedia systems. The existing solutions for the problem of network congestion ignore scalability considerations because they maintain a separate classification for each video stream. In this paper, we propose a new method allowing to control QoS provided to clients according to the network congestion, by discarding some frames when needed. The technique proposed, called (m,k)-frame, is scalable with little degradation in application performances. (m,k)-frame method is issued from the notion of (m,k)-firm realtime constraints which means that among k invocations of a task, m invocations must meet their deadline. Our simulation studies show the usefulness of (m,k)-frame method to adapt the QoS to the real conditions in a multimedia application, according to the current system load. Notably, the system must adjust the QoS provided to active clients1 when their number varies, i.e. dynamic arrival of clients.Comment: 10 pages, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS

To have an Idea on NoSQL Databases

NoSQL databases (initially non-SQL, then Not Only SQL) are specifically designed to handle large amounts of data. They have been developed since the 1970s, but they have gained the interest of academia and industry for about two decades. This is because of their powerful characteristics and lack of relational databases, which are the most widely used data sources around the world. Indeed, these databases are based on the relational model, which is materialized by a relational database management system (RDBMS). Although RDBMS efficiently manage data (tables), they have many drawbacks that make them unsuitable for managing current data, which come mainly from Internet applications. They are called Big Data and they are used for example by Twitter, FaceBook, LinkedIn, .... They are very numerous and tend to change quickly. In fact, among the disadvantages of relational databases, we can mention: non-flexibility, non-scalability, ... On the contrary, NoSQL databases evolve very well (scaling) and almost all NoSQL databases are schema-free (we can add or delete an entity or a relationship at any time during execution). In this article, we begin by giving an overview of relational databases and their characteristics. We then describe the NoSQL databases and their main characteristics, knowing that there are as many different characteristics as  "NoSQL databases" products. We then give the taxonomy of NoSQL databases, which distinguishes four main types of NoSQL databases: key-value, wide-column, document and graphical databases. We will then give some elements of each type of database through the use of a product, an implementation of a kind of such a database

A Study on the Extent of the Application of Knowledge Management Factors According to the Academic Staff at Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch

ABSTRACT The present study was carried out to examine the extent of the application of the knowledge management factors at Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch. The population for this descriptive survey study included 469 members of the academic staff from among which 214 individuals were randomly selected using Morgan's table. The instrument for collecting the data was a researcher-made questionnaire the reliability of which was measured 0.89 using Cronbach's Alpha. The results of the study indicate that the factor of organizational culture is at an optimal level, but the other three factors of 'organizational structure', 'information technology' and 'strategy and conduction' are not at desirable level. Furthermore, the results show that there is no significant difference among the members of the academic staffs' views in terms of their gender, educational level, age, job experience and their affiliated faculty

Supercritical CO2 recovery of caffeine from green coffee oil: new experimental solubility data and modeling

The caffeine solubility in supercritical CO2 was studied by assessing the effects of pressure and temperature on the extraction of green coffee oil (GCO). The Peng-Robinson¹ equation of state was used to correlate the solubility of caffeine with a thermodynamic model and two mixing rules were evaluated: the classical mixing rule of van der Waals with two adjustable parameters (PR-VDW) and a density dependent one, proposed by Mohamed and Holder² with two (PR-MH, two parameters adjusted to the attractive term) and three (PR-MH3 two parameters adjusted to the attractive and one to the repulsive term) adjustable parameters. The best results were obtained with the mixing rule of Mohamed and Holder² with three parameters.13191323Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq