THE EFFECT OF INTERMITTENT HYPOXIC TRAINING UNDER OXIDATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS IN WISTAR RATS FED ON STANDARD AND HIGH FAT DIET

Considerando-se que dietas ricas em gordura levam ao estresse oxidativo, causando lesões nas células e que o treinamento hipóxico intermitente (THI) aumenta as defesas antioxidantes endógenas em diversas situações, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do THI em parâmetros de estresse oxidativo e defesas antioxidantes em fígado de ratos Wistar alimentados com dieta rica em gordura e/ou dieta padrão. Ratos Wistar foram divididos em grupos alimentados com dieta padrão ou rica em gordura. Os grupos foram submetidos a hipóxia intermitente (HI), 15 minutos HI (14-11% O2) intercalados com cinco minutos de re-oxigenação ou sessões de normóxia (N) (21% O2), por um período de duas horas diárias durante 30 dias. Os ratos Wistar alimentados com dieta padrão, e submetidas a HI, apresentaram uma redução de 37,7% na concentração de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e aumento de 34,66% e 39,8% no conteúdo de superóxido dismutase (SOD) e catalase (CAT), respectivamente, em comparação com o seu controlo (normoxia). No grupo com dieta rica em gordura, não houve diferença estatística entre os subgrupos HI e N. Nossos dados, que demonstram que o THI possui efeito antioxidante no fígado de ratos Wistar, argumentam em favor do uso alternativo de protocolos de hipoxia intermitente no tratamento de determinadas patologias

Oxidative stress parameters in juvenile Brazilian flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1839) (Pleuronectiformes: Paralichthyidae) exposed to cold and heat shocks

The aim of this study was to determine oxidative stress parameters in the liver and gill of Brazilian flounder juveniles (307.0 ± 16.0 g and 30.0 ± 4.0 cm) submitted to different water temperature (17.1, 23.0 and 28.8ºC) for 72 h and maintained at salinity 25‰. After the acclimation of 7 days, in 23ºC, fish were transferred to 200 L tanks containing seawater (salinity 25‰) at 28.8ºC (heat shock), 17.1ºC (cold shock) or 23.0ºC (control), five replicates (five fish tank-1). The sampled collection occurred in 0 (pre-challenge), 3, 24, 48 and 72 h after temperature shock. Flounder exposed to 17.1ºC and 28.8ºC showed significantly higher TBARS levels and GST activity in the liver post-exposition (PE) in relation to the control (23ºC). CAT activity in liver present a significantly increase at 17.1ºC, in first 48 h, and subsequently decrease in 72 h PE in relation to 28.8ºC. The gills of flounder showed significantly higher TBARS levels, GST and CAT activity when submitted at 17.1 and 28.8ºC in relation to 23.0ºC. There were observed changes in lipid peroxidation levels (LPO), CAT and GST activities in the liver and gill of Brazilian flounder in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by thermal shocks

Oxidative stress parameters in juvenile Brazilian flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1839) (Pleuronectiformes: Paralichthyidae) exposed to cold and heat shocks

The aim of this study was to determine oxidative stress parameters in the liver and gill of Brazilian flounder juveniles (307.0 ± 16.0 g and 30.0 ± 4.0 cm) submitted to different water temperature (17.1, 23.0 and 28.8ºC) for 72 h and maintained at salinity 25‰. After the acclimation of 7 days, in 23ºC, fish were transferred to 200 L tanks containing seawater (salinity 25‰) at 28.8ºC (heat shock), 17.1ºC (cold shock) or 23.0ºC (control), five replicates (five fish tank-1). The sampled collection occurred in 0 (pre-challenge), 3, 24, 48 and 72 h after temperature shock. Flounder exposed to 17.1ºC and 28.8ºC showed significantly higher TBARS levels and GST activity in the liver post-exposition (PE) in relation to the control (23ºC). CAT activity in liver present a significantly increase at 17.1ºC, in first 48 h, and subsequently decrease in 72 h PE in relation to 28.8ºC. The gills of flounder showed significantly higher TBARS levels, GST and CAT activity when submitted at 17.1 and 28.8ºC in relation to 23.0ºC. There were observed changes in lipid peroxidation levels (LPO), CAT and GST activities in the liver and gill of Brazilian flounder in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by thermal shocks

The Protective Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Oxidative Stress in the Brain Caused by the Long-Term Intake of Aspartame by Rats

Long-term intake of aspartame at the acceptable daily dose causes oxidative stress in rodent brain mainly due to the dysregulation of glutathione (GSH) homeostasis. N-Acetylcysteine provides the cysteine that is required for the production of GSH, being effective in treating disorders associated with oxidative stress. We investigated the effects of N-acetylcysteine treatment (150 mg kg(-1), i.p.) on oxidative stress biomarkers in rat brain after chronic aspartame administration by gavage (40 mg kg(-1)). N-Acetylcysteine led to a reduction in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides, and carbonyl protein levels, which were increased due to aspartame administration. N-Acetylcysteine also resulted in an elevation of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase activities, as well as non-protein thiols, and total reactive antioxidant potential levels, which were decreased after aspartame exposure. However, N-acetylcysteine was unable to reduce serum glucose levels, which were increased as a result of aspartame administration. Furthermore, catalase and glutathione S-transferase, whose activities were reduced due to aspartame treatment, remained decreased even after N-acetylcysteine exposure. In conclusion, N-acetylcysteine treatment may exert a protective effect against the oxidative damage in the brain, which was caused by the long-term consumption of the acceptable daily dose of aspartame by rats.Fil: Finamor, Isabela A.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Ourique, Giovana M.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Pês, Tanise S.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Saccol, Etiane M. H.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Bressan, Caroline A.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Scheid, Taína. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Baldisserotto, Bernardo. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Llesuy, Susana Francisca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Partata, Wânia A.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Pavanato, Maria A.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasi

Effects of parboiled rice diet on oxidative stress parameters in kidney of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

The effect of parboiled rice (PR) and white rice (WR) diets on oxidative stress (OS) parameters was investigated in the kidneys of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes (40mg kg-1, iv). The experimental groups (n=8) were control fed with PR (CPR), control fed with WR, diabetic fed with PR, and diabetic fed with WR. After 30 days of treatment, all animals were anesthetized and exsanguinated before removal of kidneys, which were used to determine thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides, carbonyl protein, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase activities, and levels of glutathione (GSH). Total phenolic compounds were determined in WR and PR grains. Our data indicated that diabetes induced increase in TBARS and lipid hydroperoxides levels. Although PR has not prevented the rise in the levels of these measurements, its consumption by our animals resulted in higher GPx activity and GSH content than that of the CPR. Moreover, PR also presented concentration of total phenolic compounds 127% higher than WR grains. Thus, its consumption in this diabetic condition is suggested because this seems to confer greater protection against OS in the renal tissue of diabetic animals. © Copyright 2012, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.Fil: Finamor, Isabela A.. Federal University of Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Saccol, Etiane M. H.. Federal University of Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Gabriel, Diogo. Federal University of Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Ourique, Giovana M.. Federal University of Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Riffel, Ana P.K.. Federal University of Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Konrad, Signorá P.. University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos; BrasilFil: Belló Klein, Adriane. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Partata, Wania. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Baldisserotto, Bernardo. Federal University of Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Llesuy, Susana Francisca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica; ArgentinaFil: Pavanato, Maria A.. Federal University of Santa Maria; Brasi

Oxidative and biochemical responses in Brycon amazonicus anesthetized and sedated with Myrcia sylvatica (G. Mey.) DC. and Curcuma longa L. essential oils

Objective: To investigate the effects of rapid anesthesia and long-term sedation with the essential oils (EOs) of Myrcia sylvatica (EOMS) and Curcuma longa (EOCL) on biochemical and oxidative parameters in matrinxã. Study design: Prospective, randomized, laboratory experiment. Animals: A total of 72 matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) adults weighing 404.8 ± 27.9 g were divided into eight groups of nine fish. Methods: Biochemical and oxidative effects were investigated in plasma and tissues of matrinxã subjected to rapid anesthesia (5 minutes) or long-term sedation (360 minutes, simulating the practice of transport) with EOMS (200 μL L−1 and 10 μL L−1, respectively) and EOCL (500 μL L−1 and 40 μL L−1, respectively). Results: Transport simulation without sedation or anesthesia increased lipid peroxidation levels in the gills and kidney of fish in the control group. Anesthesia and sedation with EOs decreased cortisol concentrations and increased lactate concentrations compared with controls. Lipid peroxidation was lower in the brain, gills, liver and kidney of sedated and anesthetized fish, than in the control group. Anesthesia with EOs increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase in the brain, and catalase in the liver and gills, compared with controls. Long-term sedation with EOs increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in the brain, catalase in the liver, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the gills and superoxide dismutase in the kidney. In general, nonprotein thiols content and total reactive antioxidant potential of tissues were higher after anesthesia and sedation with EOs compared with the control group. Conclusions and clinical relevance: The concentrations of EOMS and EOCL used were effective at preventing a stress response and excess of reactive oxygen species formation. For these reasons, these substances may be recommended for use in the transportation of fish to improve survival and animal welfare.Fil: Saccol, Etiane M. H.. Universidad Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Londero, Érika P.. Universidad Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Bressan, Caroline A.. Universidad Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Salbego, Joseânia. Universidad Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Gressler, Luciane T.. Universidad Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Silva, Lenise V. F.. Universidade Federal do Pará; BrasilFil: Mourão, Rosa H. V.. Universidade Federal do Pará; BrasilFil: Oliveira, Ricardo B.. Universidad Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Llesuy, Susana Francisca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Baldisserotto, Bernardo. Universidad Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Pavanato, Maria A.. Universidad Federal de Santa Maria; Brasi

Humic acid and moderate hypoxia alter oxidative and physiological parameters in different tissues of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)

Aquatic animals are naturally exposed simultaneously to environments with different concentrations of humic acid (HA) and seasonal or daily variations of dissolved oxygen (DO) levels. This study investigated the effects of simultaneous exposure to different HA and DO levels on plasma ion levels and some hematological and oxidative parameters in different tissues of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). The fish were exposed to 0, 2.5 or 5 mg L(-1) HA for 120 h. After this period, each group was divided into two groups: normoxia and hypoxia. Exposure to the different DO levels lasted 96 h, totaling 216 h of experimentation. At the end of the experimental period, blood sampling was performed, and the fish were euthanized prior to the excision of the gills and the brain to evaluate hematological and oxidative parameters. To verify the antioxidant capacity of HA, total phenolic compounds were measured. In general, all tissues of silver catfish exposed simultaneously to hypoxia and different HA concentrations showed a reduction in lipid peroxidation levels, as well as a modulation of the antioxidant system. These effects occurred in an HA concentration-dependent manner. Thus, HA is beneficial to silver catfish exposed to hypoxia. These beneficial effects can be attributed, most likely, to the action of the different HA constituents and functional groups, including phenolic compounds, which have antioxidant properties.Fil: Riffel, Ana P. K.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia; BrasilFil: Saccol, Etiane M. H.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia; BrasilFil: Finamor, Isabela A.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia; BrasilFil: Ourique, Giovana M.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia; BrasilFil: Gressler, Luciane T.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia; BrasilFil: Parodi, Thaylise V.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia; BrasilFil: Goulart, Luis O. R.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia; BrasilFil: Llesuy, Susana Francisca. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Baldisserotto, Bernardo. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia; BrasilFil: Pavanato, María A.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia; Brasi

Effects of subchronic manganese chloride exposure on tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) tissues: oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses.

This study aimed to evaluate oxidative stress parameters in juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) exposed to 3.88 mg l−1 Mn2+ for 96 hours. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities, as well as content of reduced glutathione (GSH), were analyzed in gill, liver, brain, and kidney. The presence of Mn2+ in the water corresponded to increased levels of Mn2+ accumulation according to the following sequence: gill > kidney > brain > liver. There was a significant increase in TBARS levels (40 %) and SOD activity (80 %) in addition to a significant decrease in GSH content (41 %) in gills of fish exposed to waterborne Mn2+. In hepatic tissue of the exposed animals, TBARS levels decreased significantly (35 %), whereas SOD (82 %) and GST activities (51 %) as well as GSH content (43 %) increased significantly. In brain of exposed juvenile fish, only significant decreases in SOD (32 %) and CAT activities (65 %) were observed. Moreover, the kidney of exposed fish showed a significant increase in TBARS levels (53 %) and a significant decrease in SOD activity (41 %) compared with the control. Thus, the changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress were different in the tissues, showing a specific toxicity of this metal to each organ.Fil: Gabriel, Diogo. University of Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Riffel, Ana Paula K.. University of Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Finamor, Isabella A.. University of Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Saccol, Etiane M. H.. University of Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Ourique, Giovana M.. University of Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Goulart, Luis O.. University of Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Kochhann, Daiani. National Institute for Research in the Amazon; BrasilFil: Cunha, Mauro A. . University of Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Garcia, Luciano O.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Pavanato, María A.. University of Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Val, Adalberto Val. National Institute for Research in the Amazon; BrasilFil: Baldisserotto, Bernardo. University of Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Llesuy, Susana Francisca. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; Argentin