Environmental laws and restrains of criminal sanctions in India

The Issue Protection of environment has become one of the major global issues in 21st century. Man\u27s conquest over the nature and his capacity to manipulate his environment through scientific and technological accomplishment has made him callous not only toward himself but towards other living creatures, plants, living organisms and macro-organisms. The technological advancement and economic developments have brought comforts to many, but unfavourable to our ecosystem in many ways. There are different kind of pollutions such as Water pollution, Air Pollution, Environmental pollution, Soil pollution, Oceanic pollution, food pollution, fossil fuel pollution etc. Many contaminations mixed in solid form and liquid form in water and gaseous form with the air caused Ozan depletion and global warming in the earth. In June 1992 the World Community met at the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janerio, is also known as Rio Convention to formulate new global policies to deal with the environmental degradation and to protect, promote and conserve the environment. The developed countries should help the developing countries in conservation and preservation of environment. The process of rapid industrialization, increasing population, imbalances in economic activities and exploitation of natural resources have resulted in environmental crisis in India. So this paper tries to find out the necessary legal sanctions for the polluters who are sole responsible to pollute our environment

Environmental laws and restrains of criminal sanctions in India

The Issue Protection of environment has become one of the major global issues in 21st century. Man\u27s conquest over the nature and his capacity to manipulate his environment through scientific and technological accomplishment has made him callous not only toward himself but towards other living creatures, plants, living organisms and macro-organisms. The technological advancement and economic developments have brought comforts to many, but unfavourable to our ecosystem in many ways. There are different kind of pollutions such as Water pollution, Air Pollution, Environmental pollution, Soil pollution, Oceanic pollution, food pollution, fossil fuel pollution etc. Many contaminations mixed in solid form and liquid form in water and gaseous form with the air caused Ozan depletion and global warming in the earth. In June 1992 the World Community met at the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janerio, is also known as Rio Convention to formulate new global policies to deal with the environmental degradation and to protect, promote and conserve the environment. The developed countries should help the developing countries in conservation and preservation of environment. The process of rapid industrialization, increasing population, imbalances in economic activities and exploitation of natural resources have resulted in environmental crisis in India. So this paper tries to find out the necessary legal sanctions for the polluters who are sole responsible to pollute our environment

Environmental laws and restrains of criminal sanctions in India

The Issue Protection of environment has become one of the major global issues in 21st century. Man\u27s conquest over the nature and his capacity to manipulate his environment through scientific and technological accomplishment has made him callous not only toward himself but towards other living creatures, plants, living organisms and macro-organisms. The technological advancement and economic developments have brought comforts to many, but unfavourable to our ecosystem in many ways. There are different kind of pollutions such as Water pollution, Air Pollution, Environmental pollution, Soil pollution, Oceanic pollution, food pollution, fossil fuel pollution etc. Many contaminations mixed in solid form and liquid form in water and gaseous form with the air caused Ozan depletion and global warming in the earth. In June 1992 the World Community met at the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janerio, is also known as Rio Convention to formulate new global policies to deal with the environmental degradation and to protect, promote and conserve the environment. The developed countries should help the developing countries in conservation and preservation of environment. The process of rapid industrialization, increasing population, imbalances in economic activities and exploitation of natural resources have resulted in environmental crisis in India. So this paper tries to find out the necessary legal sanctions for the polluters who are sole responsible to pollute our environment

Fault detection in a centrifugal pump using vibration and motor current signature analysis

Due to growth of mechanisation and automation, today’s industrial systems are becoming more complex. A small breakdown of any non-redundant machine component affects the operation of the entire system. To increase the availability and reliability, automated health monitoring and self-diagnostic capability (SDC) becoming essential to many industrial machineries like pumps, motors, etc. Condition monitoring does not prevent the failure, but it can predict the possibility of future failure by measuring certain machine parameters. Though there are various condition monitoring techniques, vibration analysis and motor current signature analysis (MCSA) are most suitable for detection of faults and abnormalities in machine systems. This work attempts to develop an SDC framework and diagnose the impeller condition of a centrifugal pump using MCSA. Time and frequency domain analyses are done for different impeller conditions of the pump, such as normal impeller and defective impellers. Significant differences are observed and a fault prediction strategy is recommended.Peer reviewe

Comparative Study of Physical Properties of Whole and Hulled Minor Millets for Equipment Designing

658-667The present research was done for the selected minor millets viz. barnyard (Echinola esculenta), Kodo (Paspalum scrobiculatum), and little millets (Panicum sumatrense). The physical and engineering properties were evaluated at a moisture content of 10–11%, (dry basis) for whole and hulled millets. Significant improvement in the physical properties of the millets was observed for the hulled millets. The hulled millets showed higher sphericity (0.68–0.86) and exhibited a decrease in whole grains' spatial dimensions. The analysis (Gravimetric properties, frictional properties, Aerodynamic properties) was conducted for both whole and hulled millets. In frictional properties, mild steel surface showed the highest angle of static friction (9.78–17.96°) with smooth-rolling. The hulling has shown an improvement in all the physical and engineering properties of millets. In the color values, the whiteness index was improved for hulled millets. In the mechanical property of grains, resistance to crushing was expressed in terms of hardness

Comparative study of physical properties of whole and hulled minor millets for equipment designing

The present research was done for the selected minor millets viz. barnyard (Echinola esculenta), Kodo (Paspalum scrobiculatum), and little millets (Panicum sumatrense). The physical and engineering properties were evaluated at a moisture content of 10–11%, (dry basis) for whole and hulled millets. Significant improvement in the physical properties of the millets was observed for the hulled millets. The hulled millets showed higher sphericity (0.68–0.86) and exhibited a decrease in whole grains' spatial dimensions. The analysis (Gravimetric properties, frictional properties, Aerodynamic properties) was conducted for both whole and hulled millets. In frictional properties, mild steel surface showed the highest angle of static friction (9.78–17.96°) with smooth-rolling. The hulling has shown an improvement in all the physical and engineering properties of millets. In the color values, the whiteness index was improved for hulled millets. In the mechanical property of grains, resistance to crushing was expressed in terms of hardness

Presence of two alternative kdr-like mutations, L1014F and L1014S, and a novel mutation, V1010L, in the voltage gated Na+ channel of Anopheles culicifacies from Orissa, India

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Knockdown resistance in insects resulting from mutation(s) in the voltage gated Na⁺channel (VGSC) is one of the mechanisms of resistance against DDT and pyrethroids. Recently a point mutation leading to Leu-to-Phe substitution in the VGSC at residue 1014, a most common <it>kdr </it>mutation in insects, was reported in <it>Anopheles culicifacies</it>-a major malaria vector in the Indian subcontinent. This study reports the presence of two additional amino acid substitutions in the VGSC of an <it>An. culicifacies </it>population from Malkangiri district of Orissa, India.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p><it>Anopheles culicifacies sensu lato (s.l.) </it>samples, collected from a population of Malkangiri district of Orissa (India), were sequenced for part of the second transmembrane segment of VGSC and analyzed for the presence of non-synonymous mutations. A new primer introduced restriction analysis-PCR (PIRA-PCR) was developed for the detection of the new mutation L1014S. The <it>An. culicifacies </it>population was genotyped for the presence of L1014F substitution by an amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) and for L1014S substitutions by using a new PIRA-PCR developed in this study. The results were validated through DNA sequencing.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>DNA sequencing of <it>An. culicifacies </it>individuals collected from district Malkangiri revealed the presence of three amino acid substitutions in the IIS6 transmembrane segments of VGSC, each one resulting from a single point mutation. Two alternative point mutations, 3042A>T transversion or 3041T>C transition, were found at residue L1014 leading to Leu (TTA)-to-Phe (TTT) or -Ser (TCA) changes, respectively. A third and novel substitution, Val (GTG)-to-Leu (TTG or CTG), was identified at residue V1010 resulting from either of the two transversions–3028G>T or 3028G>C. The L1014S substitution co-existed with V1010L in all the samples analyzed irrespective of the type of point mutation associated with the latter. The PIRA-PCR strategy developed for the identification of the new mutation L1014S was found specific as evident from DNA sequencing results of respective samples. Since L1014S was found tightly linked to V1010L, no separate assay was developed for the latter mutation. Screening of population using PIRA-PCR assays for 1014S and ARMS for 1014F alleles revealed the presence of all the three amino acid substitutions in low frequency.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This is the first report of the presence of L1014S (homologous to the <it>kdr-e </it>in <it>An. gambiae</it>) and a novel mutation V1010L (resulting from G-to-T or -C transversions) in the VGSC of <it>An. culicifacies </it>in addition to the previously described mutation L1014F. The V1010L substitution was tightly linked to L1014S substitution. A new PIRA-PCR strategy was developed for the detection of L1014S mutation and the linked V1010L mutation.</p