Karakteristik Penderita Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Rumah Sakit Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar Periode Januari – Desember 2010

Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) atau Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) merupakan penyakit akibat infeksi virus Dengue yang masih menjadi problem kesehatan Masyarakat. Penyakit ini ditemukan nyaris diseluruh belahan dunia terutama di negara-negara tropik dan subtropik baik sebagai penyakit endemik maupun epidemik. Hasil studi epidemiologik menunjukan bahwa DBD terutama menyerang kelompok umur Balita sampai dengan umur sekitar 15 tahun serta tidak ditemukan perbedaan signifikan dalam hal kerentanan terhadap serangan dengue antara gender. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik Penderita demam berdarah dengue pada pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar periode Januari-Desember 2010. Metode penelitian dengan pendekatan Deskriptif. Penarikan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode systematic random sampling. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 205 Responden. Kemudian data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil Penelitian ini Menunjukan bahwa Penderita demam berdarah dengue di Rumah Sakit Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar berdasarkan kelompok umur terbanyak adalah kelompok umur 19-49 tahun, jenis kelamin terbanyak adalah jenis kelamin laki-laki, jenis pekerjaan terbanyak adalah berprofesi sebagai pelajar/mahasiswa, tingkat pendidikan terbanyak adalah SMA, sedangkan waktu kejadian tertinggi penderita demam Berdarah dengue adalah pada bulan Maret. Disarankan mencegah terjadinya peningkatan kasus penderita demam berdarah dengue pada golongan umur anak-anak maupun dewasa maka perlu diadakan penyuluhan baik lingkungan keluarga maupun lingkungan sekolah/kampus mengenai upaya pencegahan penyakit demam berdarah dengue. Disamping itu juga Perlu memperkuat kegiatan-kegiatan yang mendukung kearah komunikasi, informasi, dan edukasi yang luas, jelas dan komplit tentang penyakit demam berdarah dengue sehingga masyarakat memiliki sikap positif terhadap masalah-masalah kesehatan khususnya penyakit demam berdarah dengue. Dan perlu adanya tindakan pencegahan penyakit demam berdarah dengue melalui peningkatan frekuensi penyuluhan kesehatan masyarakat mengenai 3M (menguras, menimbun, menutup) tempat-tempat yang dapat menampung air pada bulan-bulan dengan curah hujan dan tingkat kelembaban yang tinggi untuk mencegah perkembangbiakan nyamuk aedes aegypti

Use of the geometric mean as a statistic for the scale of the coupled Gaussian distributions

The geometric mean is shown to be an appropriate statistic for the scale of a heavy-tailed coupled Gaussian distribution or equivalently the Student's t distribution. The coupled Gaussian is a member of a family of distributions parameterized by the nonlinear statistical coupling which is the reciprocal of the degree of freedom and is proportional to fluctuations in the inverse scale of the Gaussian. Existing estimators of the scale of the coupled Gaussian have relied on estimates of the full distribution, and they suffer from problems related to outliers in heavy-tailed distributions. In this paper, the scale of a coupled Gaussian is proven to be equal to the product of the generalized mean and the square root of the coupling. From our numerical computations of the scales of coupled Gaussians using the generalized mean of random samples, it is indicated that only samples from a Cauchy distribution (with coupling parameter one) form an unbiased estimate with diminishing variance for large samples. Nevertheless, we also prove that the scale is a function of the geometric mean, the coupling term and a harmonic number. Numerical experiments show that this estimator is unbiased with diminishing variance for large samples for a broad range of coupling values.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure

Physiology, Breast Milk

The production of breast milk initiates in larger amounts between 2 and 4 days after the birth of the baby and the breastmilk is said to have 'come in'. It is the sole best source of nutrition for an infant, providing an adequate amount of nutrients, growth factors, and antibodies required for the nourishment of the baby. Breast milk should be exclusively used for nutrition until 6 months of age after which breastmilk should be used in addition to complementary foods for at least 12 months of age. [1

Observing primordial magnetic fields through Dark Matter

Primordial magnetic fields are often thought to be the early Universe seeds that have bloomed into what we observe today as galactic and extra-galactic magnetic fields. Owing to their minuscule strength, primordial magnetic fields are very hard to detect in cosmological and astrophysical observations. We show how this changes if a part of neutral Dark Matter has a magnetic susceptibility. In this way, by studying Dark Matter one can obtain information about the properties of primordial magnetic fields, even if the latter have a comoving amplitude B_0 \lesssim0.01~\mbox{nG}. In our model Dark Matter is a stable singlet scalar $\chi$, which interacts with electromagnetism through the Rayleigh operator as $\chi^2 F_{\mu \nu} F^{\mu \nu}/\Lambda^2$. For primordial magnetic fields present in the early Universe this operator forces the $Z_2$-symmetry of the model to be spontaneously broken. Later, when the primordial magnetic field redshifts below a critical value, the symmetry is restored through an "inverse phase transition". At that point the field $\chi$ begins to oscillate and acts as a "magnetomorphic" Dark Matter component, inheriting the properties of the primordial magnetic field space distribution. In particular, for a nearly flat spectrum of magnetic field fluctuations, the scalar $\chi$ carries a statistically anisotropic isocurvature mode. We discuss the parameter space of the model and consider the possibility that the bulk of the Dark Matter is composed of the same particles $\chi$ produced via the freeze-in mechanism.Comment: 29 pages and 4 figures, v2 with updated reference

EML4-ALK variants: biological and molecular properties, and the implications for patients

Since the discovery of the fusion between EML4 (echinoderm microtubule associated protein-like 4) and ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase), EML4-ALK, in lung adenocarcinomas in 2007, and the subsequent identification of at least 15 different variants in lung cancers, there has been a revolution in molecular-targeted therapy that has transformed the outlook for these patients. Our recent focus has been on understanding how and why the expression of particular variants can affect biological and molecular properties of cancer cells, as well as identifying the key signalling pathways triggered, as a result. In the clinical setting, this understanding led to the discovery that the type of variant influences the response of patients to ALK therapy. Here, we discuss what we know so far about the EML4-ALK variants in molecular signalling pathways and what questions remain to be answered. In the longer term, this analysis may uncover ways to specifically treat patients for a better outcome

Legalitas Perkawinan yang Tidak Tercatat pada Masyarakat Pinrang ( Analisis Perma Nomor 1 Tahun 2015 Tentang Pelayanan Terpadu Pencatatan Nikah )

Marriage is a unique event because marriage is a way of gluing the knot of a family. Sociologically, the Bugis Pinrang community is obedient and obedient to the law. However, the application of marriage records has not been carried out optimally. Because there are still some couples who have not registered their marriages. This habit is proof that the legal culture has not been built to its full potential. Non-recorded marriages will have a legal impact on the child and wife. Unregistered marriages should need legal protection, not to be left without providing a solution. The form of protection was outlined in technical form by providing an opportunity to carry out the marriage certificate on the marriage which had been carried out according to the Islamic Shari'a, but was not recorded by authorized employees. Marriage rules are intended for certain things as contained in article 7 paragraph (3) KHI. The existence of this Article provides legal protection by giving the opportunity to submit a marriage certificate application. So that marriages that have not been recorded, can be recorded and recognized administratively, so that they become marriages that are formal or legal juridically

The Iraq War and the Mirror of Violence

Hindsight, they say, is twenty-twenty. If you are the U.S. and U.K. governments, you could perhaps make this point to counter any criticisms being directed your way for the decision to take your country into the war in Iraq of 2003. But, anybody who followed the build-up to the Iraq war in the media and policy circles will recall with some degree of clarity that there was a very strong sense of scepticism and doubt about the entire military campaign the U.S. and U.K. were about to embark upon. The United Nations’ weapons inspectors were frustrated that they were not being given enough time to finish their task of finding the ‘Weapons of Mass Destruction’ that both the U.S. and U.K. were convinced Iraq possessed. Neither were those who understood the history and affairs of the Iraqi nation buying into the links that were claimed to exist between Saddam Hussein’s secular Ba’athist regime and al-Qaeda to justify the war. The global public was suspicious of the official reasons being cited for the war and took to the streets in their tens of millions to pressure the U.S. and U.K. into not starting a war with Iraq. But, their cries of “stop the war” fell on ears that had already been deafened by the sound of beating war drums. This paper discusses two of the seen and unforeseen outcomes of the U.S.-led Iraq war: the emergence and amplification of Muslim militancy and the creation and implementation of the U.K.’s countering violent extremism policy ‘Prevent’

Blurred lines and false dichotomies: Integrating counterinsurgency into the UK's domestic "war on terror'

The UK’s counter-terrorism strategy (CONTEST) seeks to pursue individuals involved in suspected terrorism (‘Pursue’) and seeks to minimise the risk of people becoming ‘future’ terrorists by employing policies and practices structured to pre-emptively incapacitate and socially exclude them (‘Prevent’). This article demonstrates that this two-pronged approach is based on a framework of counterinsurgency; a military doctrine used against non-state actors that encourages, amongst other things, the blanket surveillance of populations and the targeting of propaganda at them. The use of counterinsurgency theory and practice in the UK’s ‘war on terror’ blurs the distinction between Pursue and Prevent, coercion and consent, and, ultimately, civilian and combatant. This challenges the liberal claim that counter-terrorism policies, especially Prevent, are about social inclusivity or ‘safeguarding’ and that the UK government is accountable to the people

Use of intravenous anti-D in patients with refractory and relapsed immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Objective: To determine the response to IV anti-D and its comparison with splenectomy as second line therapy in refractory and relapsed cases of ITP, in the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. Methods: A total of 23 patients with chronic ITP were treated with either anti-D or splenectomy as second line treatment. The patients were assessed for time to achieve a response to second line treatment, duration ofresponse and adverse events. Results: There were 12 patients in the anti-D group and 11 in the splenectomy group. The mean platelet count at presentation was 9,000/cumm. The mean age was 8.9 years and 13.0 years and the male to female ratio was 1:1 and 1:1.2 in anti-D and splenectomy group respectively. 54.5% of the patient in the anti-D group responded compared to 81.8% in the splenectomy group. Median time to achieve a response was 7 days in the anti-D group and 1 day in the splenectomy group. Mean time to relapse was 87.8 days in the anti-D group and 55.4 days in the splenectomy group. No adverse events were recorded for any of the infusions of anti-D and none of the patients had more than 0.5 gm /dl fall in the hemoglobin level following anti-D infusion. Conclusion: It was thus concluded that Anti-D is a relatively safe, convenient and effective therapy for chronic ITP and can be used as a splenectomy sparing agent when treatment is clinically indicated