Impact of building services integration on heritage shophouse facade in George Town,Penang

Penyelidikan ini adalah kajian terhadap fasad rumah-rumah kedai di George Town, Pulau Pinang dan bagaimana ianya terkesan oleh pemasangan elemen perkhidmatan bangunan moden. This research is a study on the facade of shophouses in George Town, Penang and how they are affected by the installation of modern building services elements

Penang/ Georgetown's Shophouse Facade And Visual Problems, Analytic Study

The architectural form of Penang/Georgetown shophouses is now threatened by urban development, which involves many kinds of visual problems causes. The purpose of this study is to clarify these problems, review the visual properties of shophouse facade, and how the visual problems affect the exterior design of shophouse facade. The research background contains historical information about Georgetown World Heritage Site (GTWHS) and shophouse styles, the possible causes for visual problems associated with historical areas, along with other studies about architectural form analysis. However, a graphic analysis applied on shophouse facade styles, applying the architectural formal ideas on them, after that, each visual problems cause is linked to architectural feature affected by it, in order to determine the negative impact made by them. Lastly, points of recommendations established to preserve the original typology of shophouse facade

Chaos Image Encryption Methods: A Survey Study

With increasing dependence on communications over internet and networks, secure data transmission is coming under threat. One of the best solutions to ensure secure data transmissions is encryption. Multiple forms of data, such as text, audio, image, and video can be digitally transmitted, nowadays images being the most popular and old encryption techniques such as: AES,DES,RSA etc., show low security level when used for image encryption. This problem was resolved by using of chaos encryption which is an acceptable form of encryption for image data. The sensitivity to initial conditions and control parameters make chaos encryption suitable for image applications. This study discusses various chaos encryption techniques

The Use of Presuppositions in the Short Story of Zilkê Şixatê (Matchstick)

This study explores the use of presuppositions in the Kurdish short story, Zilkê Şixatê (The Matchstick), which is written in Northern Kurmanji dialect (hence, NK) by Isma’il Hajani. It attempts to determine which type of presupposition is the most recurring one in the short story and why it is so. The data in this study are analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. Yule’s (2006) classification which divides presupposition into six types has been employed: existential, factive, non-factive, lexical, structural, and counterfactual. The data of the research are sentences which contain presupposition triggers (i.e. linguistic forms to mark presuppositions). Applying the formula presented by Oktoma and Mardiyono (2013: 79), the results obtained throughout this paper show that different types of presuppositions have different percentages from the total number of presuppositions. They are (94) in number. It is noted that the most dominant type of presupposition used in the short story is the existential presupposition, manifesting definite descriptions of facts about real life, while the structural presuppositions have the lowest percentage. This shows that much of the story text is written to definitely describe the main theme, the characters and the events as they are. Finally, this study is particularly important because no other such studies have been conducted on the use of presuppositions in any literary work in NK. Therefore, this study occupies a crucial place in the research literature into pragmatic aspects of NK

Enhancement of Bending Strength of Helical Gears by Using Asymmetric Involute Teeth Profiles

This paper presents an alternative method to enhance the bending stress for helical gears achieved that by using Asymmetric Involute Teeth Profiles. Theoretically, ??the bending stress of a symmetric gear tooth is calculated by classical Lewis equation (1892), then this equation is developed by M.Q. Abdullah (2012) to take into account the effect of asymmetry of tooth profiles. In this paper, the bending stress for helical gear teeth with asymmetric profile has been calculated analytically by modifying the M.Q. Abdullah equation. In this paper, analytically this equation has been modified to find the bending stress for helical gear with asymmetric teeth at a specified number of teeth (14 teeth) at any helix angle. Also this value has been verified by using numerical solution based on the finite element method technique that done by the software Autodesk simulation mechanical is package v2014. Where the generation process of helical gear have been modelled by using 3D CAD Graphics Software Autodesk inventor professional 2014. The results of this work indicate to the most important conclusion of a helical gear drive with asymmetric teeth profiles having loaded side pressure angle of ( ) and unloaded side pressure angle of ( ) is better than a helical gear drive with symmetric teeth profiles having standard pressure angles of ( ) from the point of view of tooth bending strength. There are significant enhancement in the results of maximum tooth bending stress for asymmetric involute of tooth gear compared with the standard gear. In addition, the results demonstrate optimum helix angle is ( ) which has the highest enhancement percentage. Keywords: Gear, Helical, Involute profile, Asymmetric, Bending Stress, Autodesk inventor, Simulation

Effectiveness of Artemether Lumefantrine and Dihydroartemisinin Piperaquine in Clearance of Gametocytes in Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Tiwi Kenya

Background: Over 80 countries worldwide have now implemented WHO recommendations to use Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy as a first-line treatment for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The sexual stage of P. falciparum is responsible for the transmission of malarial parasites to infectious mosquitoes. Studies on gametocytes are generally based on microscopic detection, which is not sensitive, and there is a need for more sensitive molecular techniques that can detect and quantify gametocytes at densities as low as 0.02 to 0.1 gametocytes per micro-litre. The objective of this study was to determine the clearance rates of gametocytes after AL and DHA&P in uncomplicated P. falciparum and to compare the effectiveness of microscopy and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in gametocyte detection.Methods: In a randomised controlled clinical trial of samples collected, gametocyte densities were quantified by microscopy by counting against 500 leukocytes in the thick smear converted to numbers of parasites per micro-litre by assuming a standard count of 800 leukocytes per micro-litre of blood after staining with 10% Giemsa stain and by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using primers specific to the pfs25 gene.Results: There was no significant difference between the drug’s gametocyte clearance (p<.082). The drugs cleared gametocytes in infected patients by day 28 as detected by microscopy. There was a significant difference in the detection of gametocytes by RT-PCR and microscopy (p<.001).Conclusion: This study showed that Artemether-Lumefantrine and Dihydroartemisinin piperaquine have gametocytocidal effects on P. falciparum and the study on the clearance of gametocytes using both artemether-lumefantrine and Dihydroartemisinin piperaquine may be carried out using a larger sample size for policy implementation. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction is more effective than microscopy in detecting low levels of gametocytes and the pfs25 gene can be used in the detection of gametocytes in the field to monitor the clearance of gametocytes

Comparison Of Fracture Torque And Level Of Fracture Of Two Orthodontic Mini-Screw ( AN IN VITRO STUDY)

Certain malocclusions may benefit from the use of mini-screw anchoring control during orthodontic treatment. In contrast, the failure of little screws will have a substantial influence on treatment efficiency and effectiveness. Twenty orthodontic mini-implants of (Tomas. Dentaurm. Germany; GNI, Korean) were inspected in an in-vitro study. A digital torque gauge was positioned perpendicular to the bone surface and placed into the 10 mm thick bovine femoral cortical bone in the same manner as mini-implants. The insertion done through the hand driver simulations of insertion intraorally. The Tomas offered a high fracture torque value compared with GNI. GNI gave a high percentage of fracture at an apical level while Tomas gave at the middle of it

Impact of Digital Marketing, Such As Social Media Marketing, Mobile Marketing and E-Mail Marketing, On Customer Buying

Digital marketing is the promotion of a product or buying and selling behavior through electronics and the Internet. From this perspective, this study was conducted to find out the role and impact of each of the three types of digital marketing (social media marketing, email marketing, mobile marketing). The significance of our research is that it enables people to have a clear understanding about digital marketing and how the use of technology and digital marketing changes their buying attitudes. The research was conducted through a survey through the publication of Google forms on several residents of the Kurdistan Region aged 18 to over 50 years and residents of Halabja and Sulaimani and the surrounding areas of Halabja and Sulaimani and surrounding areas. About 250 respondents were recruited which were obtained through an adaptive questionnaire. Conclusion We found that all three types of digital marketing influence customers’ purchases separately, but both types of digital marketing (social media marketing, email marketing) play a role in encouraging people to buy digitally. This will cause the Kurdish people to trust the digital market and gradually replace the traditional market. In conclusion, this study shows that digital marketing has been able to influence customer’s buying behavior and encourage them to do more in this way

Antimalarial Activity of Croton macrostachyus Stem Bark Extracts against Plasmodium berghei In Vivo

There is an increasing need for innovative drug and prophylaxis discovery against malaria. The aim of the present study was to test in vivo antiplasmodial activity of Croton macrostachyus H. (Euphorbiaceae) stem bark extracts from Kenyan folkloric medicine. Inbred Balb/c mice were inoculated with erythrocytes parasitized with Plasmodium berghei (ANKA). Different doses (500, 250, and 100mg/kg) of C. macrostachyus ethyl acetate, methanol, aqueous, and isobutanol extracts were administrated either after inoculation (Peters' 4-day suppressive test) or before inoculation (chemoprotective test) of the parasitized erythrocytes. All the extracts showed significant suppression of parasitemia compared to control (PPeer reviewe

PfEMP1 DBLalpha Sequence Tags in Genomic DNA of P. falciparum Field Isolates from Two Malaria Endemic Sites in Kenya

Background Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum remains a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa.  PfEMP1 protein, coded for by a family of about sixty variant var genes, is a parasite protein found on infected erythrocyte membrane. PfEMP1 protein mediates cytoadherence of infected erythrocytes on endothelial cells which may lead to severe symptoms of malaria. Although PCR amplification of the whole gene is difficult due to high variability, primers targeting the DBL? domain have been designed and used to study pfemp1 genes. This objective of this study was to establish the distribution of DBL? sequence tags in isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from two malaria endemic sites in Kenya. Methods DNA extracted from field isolates collected from Mbita (Western Kenya) and Tiwi (Coastal region) was used to isolate and amplify DBL? domain sequence tags of pfemp1 by PCR. PCR products were sequenced by 454 next generation sequencing. After assembly, the translated protein sequences (GenBank KP085750-KP087726) were then aligned in Mega 5.2 and classified into cys/PoLV groups based on the number of cysteine residues and the motifs at PoLV1 and PoLV2 within the sequence tag. Six sequence groups were found in sequences from both endemic sites. Group 4 sequences were the most prevalent (57.35% and 57.07% in isolates from Mbita and Tiwi respectively) in the isolates from both sites. Sequence tags from Tiwi had a higher proportion of cys2 (group 1 and 2) than sequences from Mbita although individual group 2 sequence tags were slightly higher in Mbita tags. Similarly the proportion of groups 5 and 6 sequence tags was higher in sequence tags from Tiwi than those from Mbita. Conclusion In conclusion, the frequency of the different cyc/PoLV groups of DBL? sequence tags at both endemic sites follow almost similar pattern with group four sequence tags being the majority among the sequence tags isolated from patient isolates from both study sites. However, in the absence of expression data, the impact of this genomic distribution pattern on malaria pathology remains unknown. Key Words: Malaria, PfEMP1, cys/PoLV, DBL?, var, Sequence tag