Do Local Governments Engage in Strategic Property- Tax competition?

This paper uses spatial econometric methods to investigate property-tax competition among local governments. The theoretical model is drawn from the literature on tax competition, in which local jurisdictions choose property -tax rates taking into account the migraton of mobile capital in response to tax differentials. Using a "spatial lag" econometric model, the paper estimates the reaction function of the representative community, which relates the community's property - tax rate to its own characteristics and to the tax rates in competing communities. A nonzero reaction -function slope indicates the presence of strategic interaction in the choice of tax rates. The estimation uses cross-section data on property taxes and other socio-economic variables for cities in the Boston metropolitan area. The results, wich are presented for two periods before and after imposition of Proposition 2 1/2 (a tax limitation measure), indicate the presence of strategic interaction.

A Model of Welfare Competition with Evidence from AFDC

In this paper, we test empirically for strategic behavior among the states using the cash support program Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). To motivate the empirical work, we adapt Wildasin's model of income redistribution to a model of "interjurisdictional welfare competition". Although welfare competition may be generated from different frameworks, we choose Wildasin's model to illustrate how welfare benefit interdependence is generated in the context of welfare migration. We estimate a "representative reaction function" for AFDC using both cross-sections and pooled cross-section data. After controlling for other determinants of AFDC benefit levels and for spatial error autocorrelation, we find evidence showing competition

A model of welfare competition with evidence from AFDC

In this paper, we test empirically for strategic behaviour among the states using the cash support program Aid to Families with Dependant Children (AFDC). To motivate the empirical work, we adept Wildasin´s [41] model of income redistribution to a model of "interjurisdictional welfare competition." Although welfare competition may be generated from different frameworks, we choose Wildasin´s model to illustrate how welfare benefit interdependence is generated in the context of welfare migration. We estimate a "representative reaction function" for AFDC using both cross-sections and pooled cross-sections data. After controlling for other determinants of AFDC benefit levels and for spatial error autocorrelation, we find evidence showing competition. --Welfare competition

Análisis de la descentralización fiscal en Colombia

Este trabajo analiza el actual marco institucional y normativo, los incentivos fiscales que éste genera, la interrelacione fiscales que existen entre el gobiemo central y los gobiernos territoriales y las consecuencias que éstas tienen sobre el balance fiscal de cada uno de ellos. En particular, se hace énfasis en las limitaciones que el esquema actual impone sobre el manejo presupuestal a nivel nacional y territorial. Es importante anotar que este trabajo no pretende defender un sistema en particular, sino caracterizar el esquema fiscal vigente

CARB-ES-19 Multicenter Study of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli From All Spanish Provinces Reveals Interregional Spread of High-Risk Clones Such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3

ObjectivesCARB-ES-19 is a comprehensive, multicenter, nationwide study integrating whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (CP-Kpn) and E. coli (CP-Eco) to determine their incidence, geographical distribution, phylogeny, and resistance mechanisms in Spain.MethodsIn total, 71 hospitals, representing all 50 Spanish provinces, collected the first 10 isolates per hospital (February to May 2019); CPE isolates were first identified according to EUCAST (meropenem MIC > 0.12 mg/L with immunochromatography, colorimetric tests, carbapenem inactivation, or carbapenem hydrolysis with MALDI-TOF). Prevalence and incidence were calculated according to population denominators. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the microdilution method (EUCAST). All 403 isolates collected were sequenced for high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing, core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), and resistome analysis.ResultsIn total, 377 (93.5%) CP-Kpn and 26 (6.5%) CP-Eco isolates were collected from 62 (87.3%) hospitals in 46 (92%) provinces. CP-Kpn was more prevalent in the blood (5.8%, 50/853) than in the urine (1.4%, 201/14,464). The cumulative incidence for both CP-Kpn and CP-Eco was 0.05 per 100 admitted patients. The main carbapenemase genes identified in CP-Kpn were blaOXA–48 (263/377), blaKPC–3 (62/377), blaVIM–1 (28/377), and blaNDM–1 (12/377). All isolates were susceptible to at least two antibiotics. Interregional dissemination of eight high-risk CP-Kpn clones was detected, mainly ST307/OXA-48 (16.4%), ST11/OXA-48 (16.4%), and ST512-ST258/KPC (13.8%). ST512/KPC and ST15/OXA-48 were the most frequent bacteremia-causative clones. The average number of acquired resistance genes was higher in CP-Kpn (7.9) than in CP-Eco (5.5).ConclusionThis study serves as a first step toward WGS integration in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in Spain. We detected important epidemiological changes, including increased CP-Kpn and CP-Eco prevalence and incidence compared to previous studies, wide interregional dissemination, and increased dissemination of high-risk clones, such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3

Do local governments engage in strategic property-tax competition?

This paper uses spatial econometric methods to investigate property-tax competition among local governments. The theoretical model is drawn from the literature on tax competition, in which local jurisdictions choose property-tax rates taking into accoun

Fiscal Competition Among Jurisdictions: Evidence and Methodology

113 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1998.The proposed GMM versions of the Wald, the Likelihood ratio and the Lagrange multiplier test statistics for spatial lag dependence are based on the GMM estimator suggested by Kelejian and Robinson (1993), and on the work of Newey and West (1987). The tests are asymptotically distributed as chi-squared random variables. Monte Carlo Experiments indicate that, in small samples, the LM and LR tests have good power, but considerable empirical size distortions, while the Wald has good empirical size and power.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD