Effect of hydrogen on electrochemical behavior of additively manufactured 316L in pressurized water reactor primary water

The electrochemical behavior of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) 316 L stainless steel subject to different heat-treatments (solution annealing and hot isostatic pressing) is compared to nuclear-grade wrought 316 L in pressurized water reactor primary water at 288 °C (with and without dissolved hydrogen) using current-time transients, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Analysis of spectra by the Mixed-Conduction Model revealed slower corrosion rates of LPBF 316 L than wrought 316 L, the effect being more pronounced in the presence of dissolved hydrogen. The characteristics of the barrier layer and the oxide film/coolant interface were irreversibly altered upon removal of dissolved hydrogen

Mechanistic understanding of the localized corrosion behavior of laser powder bed fused 316L stainless steel in pressurized water reactor primary water

The laser powder bed fused (LPBFed) stainless steels showed anomalous and localized corrosion behavior in the nuclear reactor high-temperature water compared to their wrought counterparts, which affects their performance during plant operation. In this study, advanced microstructural characterization was performed on LPBFed 316 L sample along with wrought 316 L sample after corrosion tests to understand the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that an inhomogeneous/discontinuous inner oxide layer formed on LPBFed 316 L, in contrast to the continuous inner oxide layer on the wrought 316 L specimen. This discontinuous inner oxide layer was identified to consist of Cr-enriched nano-sized spinel oxide and the barrier layer features a Ni-enriched hexagonal close-packed Laves phase. Localized/preferential oxidation was found to occur along the cellular walls which were tangled with high density dislocations and decorated with Mn and Si-enriched nano-sized precipitates, and the nano-precipitates were observed in the core of dispersed Cr-enriched inner oxide crystals

Effect of hydrogen on electrochemical behavior of additively manufactured 316L in pressurized water reactor primary water

The electrochemical behavior of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) 316 L stainless steel subject to different heat-treatments (solution annealing and hot isostatic pressing) is compared to nuclear-grade wrought 316 L in pressurized water reactor primary water at 288 °C (with and without dissolved hydrogen) using current-time transients, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Analysis of spectra by the Mixed-Conduction Model revealed slower corrosion rates of LPBF 316 L than wrought 316 L, the effect being more pronounced in the presence of dissolved hydrogen. The characteristics of the barrier layer and the oxide film/coolant interface were irreversibly altered upon removal of dissolved hydrogen

A IMPORTÂNCIA DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO DOS CUSTOS DE SERVIÇOS DE INFRA-ESTRUTURA NO FATURAMENTO DA EMPRESA

Em meio à forte competitividade no setor empresarial, torna-se, a cadadia, ainda mais importante a correta administração dos custos dos serviços deinfra-estrutura no faturamento das empresas. As áreas de serviços de infraestruturaestão sendo vistas como grandes aliadas no desempenho financeirodas empresas, assumindo posição chave como viabilizadoras dos processos edas atividades. O correto agrupamento, controle e trabalho para redução doscustos permitem às empresas poder visualizar os setores nos quais certosgastos são dispensáveis ou indispensáveis, dando aos administradores noçõesclaras de como agir e de quanto suas ações estão sendo proveitosas para aempresa. Este trabalho discute e aponta algumas áreas e métodos nas quaisum administrador, seja qual for o seu campo específico, poderá atuar para umtrabalho conciso na redução de custos de serviços de infra-estrutura,mostrando o quanto este projeto é importante e deve ser aplicado com apoiode todos os setores da empresa