Data demonstrating the challenges of determining the kinetic parameters of P-gp mediated transport of low-water soluble substrates

The presented data are related to the research article entitled “Characterization of the IPEC-J2 MDR1 (iP-gp) cell line as a tool for identification of P-gp substrates” by Ozgur et al. (2017) [1]. This data report describes the challenges of investigating the concentration-dependent transport of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates with relatively low aqueous solubility. Thus, we provide solubility data on two prototypical P-gp substrates, digoxin and rhodamine 123, representing P-gp substrates with a relatively low- and high-aqueous solubility, respectively. We present a hypothetical Michaelis-Menten curve of the P-gp mediated transport of digoxin to demonstrate that the maximal donor concentration, which can be reached in the experimental transport buffer, is too low to yield transport data in the saturable range of the Michaelis-Menten relationship. Furthermore, we present data on the bidirectional transport of digoxin and rhodamine 123 across cell monolayers of the MDCK II MDR1 cell line and iP-pg cell line in the presence of the selective P-gp inhibitor, zosuquidar/LY335979

Type 2 myocardial infarction: the chimaera of cardiology?

The term type 2 myocardial infarction first appeared as part of the universal definition of myocardial infarction. It was introduced to cover a group of patients who had elevation of cardiac troponin but did not meet the traditional criteria for acute myocardial infarction although they were considered to have an underlying ischaemic aetiology for the myocardial damage observed. Since first inception, the term type 2 myocardial infarction has always been vague. Although attempts have been made to produce a systematic definition of what constitutes a type 2 myocardial infarction, it has been more often characterised by what it is not rather than what it is. Clinical studies that have used type 2 myocardial infarction as a diagnostic criterion have produced disparate incidence figures. The range of associated clinical conditions differs from study to study. Additionally, there are no agreed or evidence-based treatment strategies for type 2 myocardial infarction. The authors believe that the term type 2 myocardial infarction is confusing and not evidence-based. They consider that there is good reason to stop using this term and consider instead the concept of secondary myocardial injury that relates to the underlying pathophysiology of the primary clinical condition

Enzymatic lignocellulose hydrolysis: Improved cellulase productivity by insoluble solids recycling.

BACKGROUND: It is necessary to develop efficient methods to produce renewable fuels from lignocellulosic biomass. One of the main challenges to the industrialization of lignocellulose conversion processes is the large amount of cellulase enzymes used for the hydrolysis of cellulose. One method for decreasing the amount of enzyme used is to recycle the enzymes. In this study, the recycle of enzymes associated with the insoluble solid fraction after the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose was investigated for pretreated corn stover under a variety of recycling conditions. RESULTS: It was found that a significant amount of cellulase activity could be recovered by recycling the insoluble biomass fraction, and the enzyme dosage could be decreased by 30% to achieve the same glucose yields under the most favorable conditions. Enzyme productivity (g glucose produced/g enzyme applied) increased between 30 and 50% by the recycling, depending on the reaction conditions. While increasing the amount of solids recycled increased process performance, the methods applicability was limited by its positive correlation with increasing total solids concentrations, reaction volumes, and lignin content of the insoluble residue. However, increasing amounts of lignin rich residue during the recycle did not negatively impact glucose yields. CONCLUSIONS: To take advantage of this effect, the amount of solids recycled should be maximized, based on a given processes ability to deal with higher solids concentrations and volumes. Recycling of enzymes by recycling the insoluble solids fraction was thus shown to be an effective method to decrease enzyme usage, and research should be continued for its industrial application

Pædagogiske bestræbelser og ambivalenser i overgangen mellem børnehave og skole

ResuméMed afsæt i empiri produceret i forbindelse med forskningsprojektet ’Læring for Alle’, UCC (Christensen & Kornerup, 2014 & 2015, Kornerup, 2016) undersøges det, hvordan pædagoger i børnehaver og børnehaveklasser oplever arbejdet med at understøtte børns overgang til skolen, hvilke pædagogiske bestræbelser, der arbejdes ud fra og hvilke udfordringer de professionelle oplever i forbindelse med dette arbejde. Artiklen viser, at pædagoger i såvel børnehaver som i børnehaveklasser oplever sig splittet mellem forskellige pædagogiske og politiske dagsordner og ambitioner. Disse udfordrer til tider det pædagogiske arbejde på måder, som kan skabe ambivalens hos pædagogerne og til tider medfører en pædagogisk praksis, som virker modsat de pædagogiske bestræbelser om at understøtte børns læring, trivsel og nysgerrighed i overgangen mellem dagtilbud og skole.   AbstractBased on data produced in the research project ‘Learning for All’, UCC (Christensen & Kornerup, 2014 & 2015 Kornerup, 2016) it will be investigated how pedagogues in kindergartens and kindergarten classes experience their work with the children’s transitions to school, what kind of pedagogical values the work is based on and what kind of challenges the professionals experience in relation to their work. The article shows that pedagogues in kindergartens and in kindergarten classes experience a division between different pedagogical and political agendas and ambitions. Sometimes this challenges the pedagogical work in ways that create ambivalence among the pedagogues and sometimes result in a pedagogical practice which is counterproductive to the pedagogical intentions to support children’s learning, well-being and curiosity in the transition between kindergarten and kindergarten class