Antibiotic like-substances produced by some trichophytic dermatophytes

Antibiotic production by dermatophytic fungi was demonstrated. Among 10 anthropophilic dermatophytes strains tested for their ability to produce antibiotics, four were found to be producers. The outcome for a qualitative identification of the produced antibiotics reveals four types ; a penicillin-like substance produced by Trichophyton gourvillii, and two different types of unknown substances obtained from two strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitales and the kojic acid-like antibiotic substance produced by Trichophyton verruccosum

Solid-state photoreactivity of 9-substituted acridizinium bromide salts

A series of substituted acridizinium bromides was studied to determine how substituents affect the regioselectivity of the solid-state [4 + 4] photodimerisation.This is the final version. It was first published by RSC at http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2014/CE/C4CE01622J#!divAbstrac

Phylogenetic diversity and relationships among 40 rice accessions using morphological and RAPDs techniques

Morphological characterization of 40 rice accessions using 14 agro-botanical traits was done in a field experiment in an augmented randomized complete block design. The aim of the work was to study variations and to select lines that can be used as potential parents in a future breeding program. The single linkage clustering, the Principal Components Axes and a morphological dendrogram were used to group the accessions. Genetic relatedness among accessions based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular marker data was also presented in form of a dendrogram using the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA). Relative effectiveness of the RAPD markers and genetic diversity among accessions as revealed by botanical descriptors were compared.The single linkage cluster technique classified the 40 accessions into six morphological groups whereas the PCA re-ordered the accessions into four broad groups that had within cluster similarities and inter-cluster morphological variations. RAPDs were highly polymorphic, more discriminatory and informative as they were able to differentiate more pairs of accessions than the botanical descriptors. IITA rice accessions TOX 3052-46-3-3-2-1 and TOX 3027-44-1-E4-2-2 and Brazilian accessions (CLSELECCION 3B and 450) that performed better than checks could be selected for a future breeding program

An attempt to solve the taxonomical conflicts in Basella alba L.

669-674Basella alba is a perennial climber with great medicinal potential. The plant is widely used as a green leafy vegetable. There are two forms which are distributed throughout the Southern Asian sub-continent. These forms differ in stem colour, one is green and the other has reddish purple coloured stem. Different workers have different opinions in related with the taxonomy of the Basella alba. Some mentioned these two as single species, some as separate species while some have mentioned as the different varieties or cultivars. Henceforth morphological, anatomical, palynological, stomatographic and seed surface studies were undertaken to overcome the taxonomical conflicts. The results supports the opinion as per the IPNI, that both these belongs to the same species, i.e., alba. Further molecular studies will elucidate the taxonomical conflicts within the Basella

Baryon charge from embedding topology and a continuous meson spectrum in a new holographic gauge theory

We study a new holographic gauge theory based on probe D4-branes in the background dual to D4-branes on a circle with antiperiodic boundary conditions for fermions. Field theory configurations with baryons correspond to smooth embeddings of the probe D4-branes with nontrivial winding around an S^4 in the geometry. As a consequence, physics of baryons and nuclei can be studied reliably in this model using the abelian Born-Infeld action. However, surprisingly, we find that the meson spectrum is not discrete. This is related to a curious result that the action governing small fluctuations of the gauge field on the probe brane is the five-dimensional Maxwell action in Minkowski space despite the non-trivial embedding of the probe brane in the curved background geometry.Comment: 24 pages, LaTeX, 10 figures, v4: previously ignored effects of coupling to RR-fields included, meson spectrum qualitatively changed, v5: journal versio

Cdk5 Phosphorylates Dopamine D2 Receptor and Attenuates Downstream Signaling

The dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) is a key receptor that mediates dopamine-associated brain functions such as mood, reward, and emotion. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a proline-directed serine/threonine kinase whose function has been implicated in the brain reward circuit. In this study, we revealed that the serine 321 residue (S321) in the third intracellular loop of DRD2 (D2i3) is a novel regulatory site of Cdk5. Cdk5-dependent phosphorylation of S321 in the D2i3 was observed in in vitro and cell culture systems. We further observed that the phosphorylation of S321 impaired the agonist-stimulated surface expression of DRD2 and decreased G protein coupling to DRD2. Moreover, the downstream cAMP pathway was affected in the heterologous system and in primary neuronal cultures from p35 knockout embryos likely due to the reduced inhibitory activity of DRD2. These results indicate that Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation of S321 inhibits DRD2 function, providing a novel regulatory mechanism for dopamine signaling.X111111sciescopu

Evaluating Matrix Circuits

The circuit evaluation problem (also known as the compressed word problem) for finitely generated linear groups is studied. The best upper bound for this problem is $\mathsf{coRP}$, which is shown by a reduction to polynomial identity testing. Conversely, the compressed word problem for the linear group $\mathsf{SL}_3(\mathbb{Z})$ is equivalent to polynomial identity testing. In the paper, it is shown that the compressed word problem for every finitely generated nilpotent group is in $\mathsf{DET} \subseteq \mathsf{NC}^2$. Within the larger class of polycyclic groups we find examples where the compressed word problem is at least as hard as polynomial identity testing for skew arithmetic circuits

Suppression of Raf-1 kinase activity and MAP kinase signalling by RKIP

Raf-1 phosphorylates and activates MEK-1, a kinase that activates the extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK). This kinase cascade controls the proliferation and differentiation of different cell types. Here we describe a Raf-1-interacting protein, isolated using a yeast two-hybrid screen. This protein inhibits the phosphorylation and activation of MEK by Raf-1 and is designated RKIP (Raf kinase inhibitor protein). In vitro, RKIP binds to Raf-1, MEK and ERK, but not to Ras. RKIP co-immunoprecipitates with Raf-1 and MEK from cell lysates and colocalizes with Raf-1 when examined by confocal microscopy. RKIP is not a substrate for Raf-1 or MEK, but competitively disrupts the interaction between these kinases. RKIP overexpression interferes with the activation of MEK and ERK, induction of AP-1-dependent reporter genes and transformation elicited by an oncogenically activated Raf-1 kinase. Downregulation of endogenous RKIP by expression of antisense RNA or antibody microinjection induces the activation of MEK-, ERK- and AP-1-dependent transcription. RKIP represents a new class of protein-kinase-inhibitor protein that regulates the activity of the Raf/MEK/ERK modul