First report of escherichia coli O157 from traditional Turkish dairy product Kaymak

Bu çalışmada, Afyonkarahisar'da satılan geleneksel bir Türk süt ürünü olan kaymaktan E. coli O157:H7/H- serotipinin izolasyonu, izole edilen suşlarda Stx1, Stx2, ehlyA ve eaeA genlerinin PZR ile araştırılması ve suşların Türkiye'de yaygın olarak kullanılan bazı antibiyotiklere karşı antibiyotik dirençliliğinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Bu amaçla, Afyonkarahisar'ın merkez ve köylerindeki halk pazarlarında satılan toplam 100 kaymak örneği toplandı. Konvansiyonel kültür yöntemleri ve serolojik doğrulama testleri kullanılarak 100 kaymak örneğinin 3'ünden E. coli O157 izole edildi. İzole edilen 3 suşta Stx1, Stx2, ehlyA ve eaeA genlerinin varlığı PZR ile araştırıldı. Üç suşun tamamı Stx1 ve ehlyA genlerine sahipken, suşlarda Stx2 ve eaeA genleri bulunmadı. Suşların antibiyotik dirençliliği Kirby-Bauer disk difüzyon testi kullanılarak araştırıldı. Suşların tamamı sefazolin, sefoksitin ve seftiofura dirençli iken, suşlarda ayrıca ampisilin (%66,7), sefalothin (%66,7), seftriakson (%33,3), nalidiksik asit (%33,3) ve trimetoprim/sulfametoksazole (%33,3) karşı da direnç tespit edildi. Sunulan çalışma, Türkiye'de kaymaklarda E. coli O157'nin ve serotipin virulens genlerinin varlığını gösteren ilk araştırmadır.The aim of this study was to isolate the E. coli O157:H7/H- serotype from traditional Turkish dairy product kaymak sold in Afyonkarahisar, investigate the Stx1, Stx2, ehlyA and eaeA genes in isolated strains by PCR and determine the antibiotic resistance of strains to some antibiotics commonly used in Turkey. For this purpose, a total of 100 kaymak samples sold in public bazaars located center town and villages of Afyonkarahisar were collected. E. coli O157 was isolated from 3 of 100 samples by using conventional culture methods and serological confirmation tests. The presence of Stx1, Stx2, ehlyA and eaeA genes in the isolated 3 strains was investigated by PCR. While all of 3 strains harboured the Stx1 and ehlyA genes, the Stx2 and eaeA genes were not found in the strains. The antibiotic resistance of strains was investigated by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test. While all of strains were resistant to cephazoline, cefoxitin and ceftiofur, the resistance was also determined in the strains to ampicillin (66.7%), cephalothin (66.7%), ceftriaxone (33.3%), nalidixic acid (33.3%) and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (33.3%). The present study is the first investigation showing the presence of E. coli O157 and its virulence genes in the kaymak in Turkey

Contemporary Interventions in the Frame of Conservation and Restoration Principles: İstanbul, 19.Th. C. Haciosman Police Station

Tarihi yapılar, bulundukları çevrenin ve toplumsal yaşamın önemli bir parçası olarak toplum belleğindeki yerleri korunması gereken değerlerdir. Tarihi çevre içeresinde yer alan tarihi yapıların korunması amacıyla kullanılan çağdaş müdahale yöntemlerinin dünyada ve ülkemizde yapılan örnekler üzerinden tasarım yaklaşımı, tasarım ölçüt ve yöntemleriyle irdelemeyi ve örnek yapı üzerinden öneri getirmeyi hedefleyen tez; üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Tezin birinci bölümünde tarihi çevre, koruma ve restorasyon kavramları irdelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda koruma ve restorasyon kavramlarının tarihsel gelişiminden, tarihsel ve çağdaş koruma anlayışından bahsedilmiştir. Koruma ve restorasyonda kullanılan müdahale yöntemlerinin amaçları ve kapsamları incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümünde çağdaş müdahale kavramı, amacı ve çeşitlerinden bahsedilmiştir. Koruma ve restorasyon kapsamında yapılan çağdaş müdahale yöntemlerinden yeni yapı ve ek yapı tasarım yaklaşımları ile tasarım ölçütleri üzerinde durulmuştur ayrıca Türkiye’de ve dünyada son dönemde yapılan örnekler; belirlenen ölçüt ve yöntemler doğrultusunda irdelenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde ise Hacıosman karakol yapısının rölövesi alınarak mevcut durum tespitleri yapılmıştır. Sonrasında yapının inşa edildiği döneme ait çeşitli karakol yapılarının tarihsel gelişimi ve mimari özellikleri incelenmiş, edinilen bilgi ve belgeler doğrultusunda restitüsyon projesi hazırlanmıştır. Karakol yapısının çağdaş müdahaleler ile korunmasına ve yeniden işlevlendirilmesine yönelik restorasyon önerisi getirilmiştir.Historical buildings are the values that must be preserved as an important part of their environment and social life, in the collective memory. The thesis aims to examine the contemporary intervention methods used for the protection of historical buildings in the historical environment, through the examples both made in the world and in our country, in the context of design approach, design criteria and methods, and to bring a proposal. The thesis consists of three parts.In the first part of the thesis, the concepts of historical environment, protection and restoration are examined. For this purpose, the historical development of the concepts of conservation and restoration, and the understanding of historical and contemporary conservation are mentioned. The aims and scopes of the intervention methods used in conservation and restoration are examined. In the second part, the concept of contemporary intervention and its purpose and types are mentioned. Contemporary annex and annex building design approaches and criteria that have come to the fore within the scope of contemporary conservation are emphasized and the recent examples in Turkey and in the world are examined with the determined criteria and methods. In the third part, the current situation of the Hacıosman police station structure is examined according to the carried out survey. Afterwards, the historical development and architectural features of various police stations belonging to the period when the building was built were examined, and a restitution project was prepared according to the information and the documents obtained. A restoration proposal has been made for the preservation and re-functioning of the police station structure with contemporary interventions

Knowledge and opinions of nursing students on palliative care: A university example

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the level of knowledge of nursing students about palliative care.Methods: The descriptive study was conducted with 324 graduate students who received training at a state university. Data were collected by using a questionnaire prepared by the researchers to determine the students' level of knowledge about palliative care and the notion of death. The analysis was performed using parametric and non-parametric tests on computers.Results: The average age of students was 20.56 ± 1.39, 82.7% of them were female, 16.4% graduated from Healthcare Vocational High School, and 40.1% of them were second grade students. The average palliative care knowledge score of students was calculated as 70.54 ± 11.01. The knowledge scores of female students were significantly higher than male students (p = 0.001), and the scores of the third- and fourth-year students were significantly higher than the second-year students (p = 0.001). The palliative care knowledge scores of the respondents who defined the concept of death as “a new beginning for eternal life, rebirth" were significantly lower than those who defined it as "the end of life" (p = 0.02).Conclusions: It was found that the average palliative care score of students is above the intermediate level, and the scores are affected by gender, level of knowledge, age, grade, having received palliative care training, having provided care to patients in the terminal stage and defining ways of death

Clinical Course of Hyperprolactinemia in Children and Adolescents: A Review of 21 Cases

Objective: Hyperprolactinemia may be due to various etiological factors and may present with different signs and symptoms. It is relatively less frequent in childhood than in adulthood. The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the clinical course and outcome of hyperprolactinemia in pediatric patients

Acquired Generalized Lipodystrophy Associated with Autoimmune Hepatitis and Low Serum C4 Level

Lipodystrophies are a group of diseases characterized by loss of fat tissue and are associated with insulin resistance. A six-year- old girl followed with the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis showed a severe loss of fat tissue, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridemia and low serum complement 4 (C4) levels. She had coarse facial features with generalized loss of subcutaneous fat and prominent muscularity. Remarkable acanthosis nigricans was present over the neck, axilla, and umbilicus. Two hours after glucose loading, the glucose tolerance test revealed a glucose level of 258 mg/dL, a HbA1c value of 6.8%, and an insulin level of 642.9 mIU/mL, documenting a state of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acquired generalized lipodystrophy was diagnosed and metformin with dietary intervention was initiated. Low serum complement levels proved the autoimmune nature of the process. We conclude that the serum complement levels must be investigated in patients with acquired lipodystrophy, particularly when it is associated with autoimmune hepatitis

Nano-vesicular formulation of propolis and cytotoxic effects in a 3D spheroid model of lung cancer

BACKGROUND: Propolis exhibits therapeutic properties due to the presence of phenolic acids, esters, and flavonoids. The scope of this study was to develop a nano-vesicular formulation and establish a three-dimensional (3D) spheroid model in which lung cancer is recapitulated. RESULTS: Niosome vesicles doped with galangin-rich propolis extract were synthesized by the ether injection method using a cholesterol : surfactant mass ratio of 1 : 3 at 40 °C for 1 h. Formulated niosomes were administered to 3D lung cancer spheroid model and the cytotoxicity was compared with that of a two-dimensional (2D) setting. The galangin content was determined as 86 μg mg–1 propolis extract by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The particle size of loaded niosome was 151 ± 2.84 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of about 0.232, and an encapsulation efficiency of 70% was achieved. CONCLUSION: The decrease in cell viability and the scattering in the 3D spheroids of A549 lung cancer cells treated with propolis-loaded niosomes were notable, indicating a profound cytotoxic effect and suggesting that they can be utilized as an effective nano-vesicle. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industr

A Rare Cause of Precocious Puberty: Hepatoblastoma

Hepatoblastoma, an embryonal tumor, is one of the most common primary liver tumors in childhood. It secretes human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which can cause precocious puberty (PP). Herein, we present a case with PP who had enlarged penile size noticed during a diagnosis of hepatoblastoma. Laboratory examination revealed increased testosterone, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and hCG levels. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were within prepubertal ranges. The diagnosis of hepatoblastoma was made by liver biopsy. Chemotherapy was administered, and the patient was referred to surgery. Ten months later, testis volumes were below 4 ml bilaterally, and penile length was 5.5 cm. Serum testosterone, AFP, and hCG levels decreased. Resection of the tumor and chemotherapy are essential for the treatment of hepatoblastoma and they can eliminate the symptoms of PP

Resolution of Autoimmune Oophoritis after Thymectomy in a Myasthenia Gravis Patient

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors. MG is generally an isolated disorder but may occur concomitantly with other autoimmune diseases. We describe an eighteen-year-old girl with MG who was admitted to our clinic with secondary amenorrhea and diagnosed as autoimmune oophoritis. Since her myasthenic symptoms did not resolve with anticholinesterase therapy, thymectomy was performed. After thymectomy, her menses have been regular without any hormonal replacement therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a patient with autoimmune ovarian insufficiency and MG in whom premature ovarian insufficiency resolved after thymectomy, without hormonal therapy

Synthesis of an injectable heparin conjugated poloxamer hydrogel with high elastic recoverability for temporomandibular joint disorders

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is commonly affected during fundamental oral activities, reducing the quality of life. Herein, we synthesized a heparin-conjugated poloxamer hydrogel (HEP) as a thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel for the treatment of TMJ disorders. While the gelation temperature of synthesized HEP (25% [w/v]) was 29.8-30.0 degrees C, there was a slight difference between loss and storage modulus. HEP decreased the friction of the TMJ, thus requires less energy during load-bearing jaw movement in comparison to POL. Moreover, the oscillation test dependent on strain ranges from 0.01% to 1000% validated that POL and HEP3 hydrogels showed a similar critical strain of about 5.6%. The total elastic recovery percentage of HEP3 (53.50%) was higher than POL (45.55%), indicating a better recovery of the deformed hydrogel structure. Along with the suitable viscoelastic properties for temporomandibular cavity, both hydrogels increased the proliferation of fibroblasts (L929) and chondrocytes (ATDC5) (cell viabilities were above 100%). However, newly synthesized HEP induced differentiated cell proliferation of chondrogenic cells at increasing concentrations up to 0.0156 mg/mL (p < 0.0001) compared to POL and the control group. The promising rheological properties and effects on chondrogenic cell proliferation of injectable heparin-conjugated hydrogel make them candidates for intra-articular injections used for the treatment of TMJ