Optimización de las condiciones de proceso de hidrólisis de pulmón bovino con papaína para la obtención de péptidos con poder antioxidante

Existen varias razones por las cuales el consumo de subproductos bovinos no se encuentra explotado en todo su potencial. Entre ellas se encuentran: percepción negativa por parte de los consumidores, prácticas culturales o tradicionales de consumo, restricciones religiosas o éticas, o temas de salud pública. El pulmón es de particular interés, ya que es un órgano relativamente grande que ctualmente tiene un bajo valor comercial y tiende a ser usado principalmente para la elaboración de alimento para mascotas. El pulmón tiene un contenido de proteína de aproximadamente 170 g/kg, que puede ser extraída y utilizada en alimentos con fines tecnológicos o de fortificación; o hidrolizada para obtener compuestos funcionales o bioactivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue optimizar la producción de péptidos con capacidad antioxidante mediante la hidrólisis de pulmón bovino con papaína. Para ello, se utilizó un diseño central compuesto de tres factores el cual consistió de 15 experimentos (con tres repeticiones del punto central). Los factores estudiados fueron: relación enzima/sustrato (ES; 0,65- 4,85), temperatura (T; 59-75°C) y pH de reacción (6-8). El sustrato se preparó en una concentración de proteínas de 4% en buffer fosfato 0,1N al pH establecido por el diseño experimental. El sustrato homogeneizado se colocó en un baño termostático con agitación a 40 o.p.m. a las temperaturas establecidas por el diseño experimental. Luego, se agregó la enzima papaína (Sigma-Aldrich) en las distintas relaciones E/S establecidas por el diseño de optimización. La hidrólisis se finalizó a los 120 min de reacción mediante inactivación térmica a 100°C por 20 min. Posteriormente, se centrifugó a 10000 rpm-15 min a 4°C y se conservó el sobrenadante para su estudio. La actividad antioxidante se midió por los métodos de capacidad de bloqueo de los radicales ABTS y DPPH y capacidad de reducción del hierro férrico FRAP. Los coeficientes de regresión para los parámetros ABTS, DPPH y FRAP se obtuvieron por regresión lineal múltiple. El modelo obtenido fue significativo para las tres variables estudiadas (p<0,05), y los coeficientes R2 fueron 0,90; 0,77 y 0,74, para ABTS, DPPH y FRAP, respectivamente. Además, la falta de ajuste no fue significativa (p>0,05) en todos los modelos obtenidos. La actividad antioxidante evaluada por el método de ABTS fue afectado de manera lineal (negativa) por el pH y cuadrática (negativa) por la relación E/S. Además, las interacciones TxE/S y TxpH fueron significativas. Por otra parte, la actividad antioxidante, evaluada por el método de DPPH, fue afectada significativamente (p<0,05) por las interacciones TxpH y E/SxpH. La actividad antioxidante, evaluadacomo la capacidad de reducción del hierro férrico FRAP, fue modificada significativamente de manera lineal (positiva) por el pH y cuadráticamente por la T y la ES. Se utilizó la función de deseabilidad para determinar la combinación de factores que maximizó la obtención de péptidos antioxidantes. De este análisis se determinó que la combinación óptima de factores fue: pH 8, relación E/S 3,2 y temperatura 59°C.Fil: Martinez, Fernanda Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Ambrosi, Vanina A. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Sancho, Ana Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Szerman, Natalia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Obtención de péptidos con actividad antihipertensiva in vitro a partir de un subproducto bovino.

Bovine by-products represent approximately 66% the weight of the animal. In recent years, the market for these products has decreased because of their low costs. Due to the high protein content, some of these products can be used as substrates of enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain peptides with biological activity. The objective of this work is to obtain bioactive peptides with antihypertensive activity from bovine lung by enzymatic hydrolysis with Alcalase 2.4L® / Flavourzyme® (Novozymes). All the hydrolysates showed antihypertensive activity, inhibiting the action of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in values greater than 80%. These findings are interesting because it is possible to increase the value of a meat by-product.Fil: Chamorro, Verónica Celeste. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Martinez, Fernanda Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Pazos, Adriana Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Universidad de Morón (UM); Argentina.Fil: Szerman, Natalia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Ambrosi, Vanina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina

Procuring Firm Growth: The Effects of Government Purchases on Firm Dynamics

This paper tests whether demand shocks affect firm dynamics. We examine whetherfirms that win government procurement contracts grow more compared to firms thatcompete for these contracts but do not win. We assemble a comprehensive data setcombining matched employer-employee data for the universe of formal firms in Brazilwith the universe of federal government procurement contracts over the period of2004 to 2010. Exploiting a quasi-experimental design, we find that winning at leastone contract in a given quarter increases firm growth by 2.2 percentage points overthat quarter, with 93% of the new hires coming from either unemployment or the informalsector. These effects also persist well beyond the length of the contracts. Partof this persistence comes from firms participating and wining more future auctions, aswell as penetrating other market

Integração de unidades da Embrapa por meio da Semana Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia e o Programa Embrapa & Escola.

A importância da popularização da ciência é reconhecida pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) como um meio de diminuir as diferenças entre os países e está incluída entre os 17 Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) estabelecidos para a década de 2020 (Nações Unidas, 2015). Nessa perspectiva, as atividades desenvolvidas pelo projeto aqui apresentado con- templaram: o ODS 4: Assegurar a educação inclusiva e equitativa de qualida- de e promover oportunidades de aprendizagem ao longo da vida para todos e o ODS 15: Proteger, recuperar e promover o uso sustentável dos ecossis- temas terrestres, gerir de forma sustentável as florestas, combater a deserti- ficação, deter e reverter a degradação da terra e deter a perda de biodiversi- dade. A contribuição ao ODS 4 se tornará evidente ao longo da leitura deste texto, aqui é apresentado um breve relato: foram contemplados estudantes de todas as faixas etárias, inclusive adultos, impactos das atividades poderão ser contempladas nos relatos de estudantes, professores e coordenadores escolares, os quais são apresentados ao longo deste texto; para o ODS 15, houve contribuição direta para a diminuição da degradação da terra e perda de biodiversidade, pois foram apresentados aos estudantes a importância da manutenção da vegetação ripária para a sobrevida dos insetos aquáticos, assim como a importância destes últimos no ecossistema

Professionals&rsquo; perception on the management of patients with dual disorders

Carlos Roncero,1,2 N&eacute;stor Szerman,3 Antonio Ter&aacute;n,4 Carlos Pino,5 Jos&eacute; Mar&iacute;a V&aacute;zquez,6 Elena Velasco,7 Marta Garc&iacute;a-Dorado,7 Miguel Casas1,2 1Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, CIBERSAM, Hospital Vall Hebron, Barcelona Public Health Agency (ASPB), Barcelona, Spain; 2Department of Psychiatry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; 3Outpatient Mental Health Clinic El Retiro, Gregorio Mara&ntilde;&oacute;n University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; 4Outpatient Drug Clinic, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Palencia, Spain; 5Pontevedra City Council Drug Dependence Service, Galician Health Service (Xunta de Galicia), Pontevedra, Spain; 6Outpatient Drug Clinic Sants, Barcelona Public Health Agency (ASPB), Barcelona, Spain; 7Medical Affairs Department, Janssen-Cilag S.A., Madrid, Spain Background: There is a need to evaluate the professionals&rsquo; perception about the consequences of the lack of therapeutic adherence in the evolution of patients with co-occurring disorders.Methods: An online survey, released on the Socidrogalcohol [Spanish Scientific Society for Research on Alcohol, Alcoholism and other Drug Addic&shy;tions] and Sociedad Espa&ntilde;ola de Patolog&iacute;a Dual [the Spanish Society of Dual Pathology] web pages, was answered by 250 professionals who work in different types of Spanish health centers where dual diagnosis patients are assisted.Results: Most professionals perceived the existence of noncompliance among dual diagnosis patients. Almost all of these professionals (99%) perceived that noncompliance leads to a worsening of the progression of the patient&rsquo;s disorder, in both the exacerbation of mental disorders and the consumption of addictive substances. Most of the professionals (69.2%) considered therapeutic alliance as the main aspect to take into account to improve the prognosis in this population. The primary purpose of treatment must be the improvement of psychotic-phase positive symptoms, followed by the control of behavior disorders, reduction of craving, improvement of social and personal performances, and reduction of psychotic-phase negative symptoms.Conclusion: Most professionals perceived low adherence among dual diagnosis patients. This lack of adherence is associated with a worsening of their disease evolution, which is reflected in exacerbations of the psychopathology and relapse in substance use. Therefore, we propose to identify strategies to improve adherence. Keywords: dual diagnosis, professionals&rsquo; perception, noncompliance, decompensation, relaps

Comparison of health-related quality of life among men with different co-existing severe mental disorders in treatment for substance use

Abstract Background Patient-perceived health-related quality of life has become an important outcome in health care as an indicator of treatment effectiveness and recovery for patients with substance use disorder. As no study has assessed health-related quality of life among male patients with substance use disorder and co-existing severe mental illness, we compared health-related quality of life among patients with substance use disorder and the following severe mental illness diagnosis in Barcelona, Spain: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and examined the associations with clinically related variables. Additionally, we compared results for health-related quality of life in patients with substance use disorder and severe mental illness, with Spanish population norms. Methods We assessed 107 substance use disorder male patients using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey comparing results across three groups with: comorbid schizophrenia (n = 37), comorbid bipolar disorder (n = 34), and comorbid major depressive disorder (n = 36). Multiple analyses of variance were performed to explore health-related quality of life by the type of co-existing SMI and linear regression analyses examined clinical correlates for the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey dimensions for each group. Results There were differences in Physical Functioning, Vitality and the Physical Composite Scale among groups. Poorer Physical Functioning was observed for patients with comorbid schizophrenia (80.13±3.27) and major depressive disorder (81.97±3.11) compared with comorbid bipolar disorder patients (94.26±1.93). Patients with substance use disorder and schizophrenia presented lower scores in Vitality (41.6±2.80) than those with co-existing bipolar disorder (55.68±3.66) and major depressive disorder (53.63±2.92). Finally, results in the Physical Composite Scale showed lower scores for patients with comorbid schizophrenia (51.06±1.41) and major depressive disorder (51.99±1.87) than for those with bipolar disorder (60.40±2.17). Moreover, all groups had poorer health-related quality of life, especially Social Functioning, Role-Emotional and Mental Health, compared with population norms. Different clinical variables (e.g. medical disease comorbidity, severity of addiction, psychiatric symptomatology, suicide attempts, drug relapses) were related to different health-related quality of life dimensions depending on the co-existing severe mental illness. Conclusions Among male patients with substance use disorder, co-existing severe mental illness may influence some health-related quality of life dimensions and clinically related variables. Such differences may require tailored therapeutic interventions