1,203 research outputs found
Metric perturbation from inflationary magnetic field and generic bound on inflation models
There is an observational indication of extragalactic magnetic fields. No
known astrophysical process can explain the origin of such large scale magnetic
fields, which motivates us to look for their origin in primordial inflation. By
solving the linearized Einstein equations, we study metric perturbations
sourced by magnetic fields that are produced during inflation. This leads to a
simple but robust bound on the inflation models by requiring that the induced
metric perturbation should not exceed the observed value 10^-5. In case of the
standard single field inflation model, the bound can be converted into a lower
bound on the Hubble parameter during inflation.Comment: 14 page
Poor development of transmitting tissue in tetraploid grape pistils causing inhibition of pollen tube growth
Anatomical investigations were carried out to study the cause of poor berry set in tetraploid grape cultivars, Using 6 diploid and 6 tetraploid grape cultivars, the development of the transmitting tissue (TT) and pollen tube growth in their pistils were examined. The rates of berry set and seed number per berry were also investigated. TT was found to be cylindrical in the style and elliptic-conical in the ovaries. In the middle part of the ovary, the TT had developed along the inner surface of each septum projecting from both sides of the ovary wall. In the middle style, the TT diameter of tetraploid cultivars was larger than in diploid cultivars, However, TT development in the septum was markedly poorer in most of the tetraploid cultivars examined except for cv, Fujiminori where a sufficient number of seeded berries developed on the clusters. Most pollen tubes penetrating into the ovary tissue were inhibited to grow further in tetraploid cultivars except for cv, Fujiminori, These findings suggest that the poor set of normally seeded berries in most tetraploid grapes may be due to poor development of TT in the septum, which severely inhibits pollen tube penetration into the micropyle.
siRNAs generated by recombinant human Dicer induce specific and significant but target site-independent gene silencing in human cells
Higher Order Corrections to the Primordial Gravitational Wave Spectrum and its Impact on Parameter Estimates for Inflation
We study the impact of the use of the power series expression for the
primordial tensor spectrum on parameter estimation from future direct detection
gravitational wave experiments. The spectrum approximated by the power series
expansion may give large deviation from the true (fiducial) value when it is
normalized at CMB scale because of the large separation between CMB and direct
detection scales. We derive the coefficients of the higher order terms of the
expansion up to the sixth order within the framework of the slow-roll
approximation and investigate how well the inclusion of higher order terms
improves the analytic prediction of the spectrum amplitude by comparing with
numerical results. Using the power series expression, we consider future
constraints on inflationary parameters expected from direct detection
experiments of the inflationary gravitational wave background and show that the
truncation of the higher order terms can lead to incorrect evaluation of the
parameters. We present two example models; a quadratic chaotic inflation model
and mixed inflaton and curvaton model with a quartic inflaton potential.Comment: 25 pages, 7 figures, revised version accepted by JCA
Non-Gaussianity from Symmetry
We point out that a light scalar field fluctuating around a symmetry-enhaced
point can generate large non-Gaussianity in density fluctuations. We name such
a particle as an "ungaussiton", a scalar field dominantly produced by the
quantum fluctuations,generating sizable non-Gaussianity in the density
fluctuations. We derive a consistency relation between the bispectrum and the
trispectrum, tau_NL = 10^3 f_NL^(4/3), which can be extended to arbitrary high
order correlation functions. If such a relation is confirmed by future
observations, it will strongly support this mechanism.Comment: 26 pages, 1 figure;v2 discussion and references added. To appear in
JCA
Effect of shoot vigor on the development of transmitting tissue and pollen tube growth in pistils of tetraploid grape, cv. Pione
Effects of shoot vigor on the development of transmitting tissue (TT) and pollen tube growth in pistils of Pione grapevines (a hybrid of Vitis vinifera L. and V. labrusca L., tetraploid) were investigated anatomically. Shoot vigor was reduced by root zone restriction and pre-bloom shoot tipping, and was increased by severe winter pruning and application of high concentration fertilizer. The TT development in long and short shoots of the vines without root restriction was also compared. In cross sections of the upper and middle ovaries, a thicker TT and more pollen tubes were found in root zone-restricted vines compared to unrestricted vines. Also, thicker TT and more pollen tubes were observed in less vigorous, short shoots of unrestricted vines. Tipping did not improve the TT development. However, spur pruning and application of high concentration fertilizer to root zone-restricted vines did not inhibit the TT development and pollen tube growth, though shoots grew vigorously. From these results, we conclude that promoted TT development in less vigorous shoots of Pione grapevines allows for more pollen tubes to penetrate into the ovary, resulting in the production of acceptable clusters with a sufficient number of seeded berries.
Inhomogeneous non-Gaussianity
We propose a method to probe higher-order correlators of the primordial
density field through the inhomogeneity of local non-Gaussian parameters, such
as f_NL, measured within smaller patches of the sky. Correlators between
n-point functions measured in one patch of the sky and k-point functions
measured in another patch depend upon the (n+k)-point functions over the entire
sky. The inhomogeneity of non-Gaussian parameters may be a feasible way to
detect or constrain higher-order correlators in local models of
non-Gaussianity, as well as to distinguish between single and multiple-source
scenarios for generating the primordial density perturbation, and more
generally to probe the details of inflationary physics.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figures; v2: Minor changes and references added. Matches
the published versio
Non-Gaussianity from isocurvature perturbations
We develop a formalism to study non-Gaussianity in both curvature and
isocurvature perturbations. It is shown that non-Gaussianity in the
isocurvature perturbation between dark matter and photons leaves distinct
signatures in the CMB temperature fluctuations, which may be confirmed in
future experiments, or possibly, even in the currently available observational
data. As an explicit example, we consider the QCD axion and show that it can
actually induce sizable non-Gaussianity for the inflationary scale, H_{inf} =
O(10^9 - 10^{11})GeV.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figures; references added; version to appear in JCA
The production of copper phthalocyanine and/or its derivatives
This document discusses the production of copper phthalocyanine and/or its derivatives, which are useful for dye pigments. The method described uses urea, a copper compound and/or a catalyst which have been suspended in an inert reaction medium. The copper compound, catalyst and urea fused and the reaction is performed by using the obtained fusion. The advantages of the invention are listed
Closed String Tachyon Condensation on Twisted Circles
We study IIA/B string theory compactified on twisted circles. These models
possess closed string tachyons and reduce to type 0B/A theory in a special
limit. Using methods of gauged linear sigma models and mirror symmetry we
construct a conformal field theory which interpolates between these models and
flat space via an auxiliary Liouville direction. Interpreting motion in the
Liouville direction as renormalization group flow, we argue that the end point
of tachyon condensation in all these models (including 0B/A theory) is
supersymmetric type II theory. We also find a zero-slope limit of these models
which is best described in a T-dual picture as a type II NS-NS fluxbrane. In
this limit tachyon condensation is an interesting and well posed problem in
supergravity. We explicitly determine the tachyon as a fluctuation of
supergravity fields, and perform a rudimentary numerical analysis of the
relevant flows.Comment: 21 pages plus appendices (12 pages), harvmac, 1 fig, v2: minor
changes and references added, v3: minor changes version published in JHE
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