Kurunthogai Heroine- Cultural Records

Evidence for the Archaic Antiquity of the Tamil Language is Sangam literature. As explained in the Sangam literature, the Tamil word 'Pan' means merit. If 'padu' also means worldly morality then it can mean qualified worldly morality. Cultural levels are prevalent in Sangam literature. Domestic life is also defined as the specialty of living together even without a home. It can be realized that culture is seen in Sangam literature from the fact that the hero was very fond of the heroine and both the hero and heroine were very happy in their lives. The purpose of the article is that the culture of the poets of the Sangam period is manifested in that even though there are various emotions like hospitality, friendship, enmity, love, hatred and love. The poets of the Sangam period have chosen the high quality

An IoT based Tree Specific Soil Nutrient Management System Using Neural Network for Cashew Cultivation

Anacardium occidentale commonly known as Cashew was introduced into India by Portuguese in 16th century. Farmers of Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu in India, are interested in Cashew Cultivation due to its export market values. To achieve better yield from cashew cultivation, farmers need to supply balanced nutrition to the soil and by following intercropping method. In literature, Recent Technologies like Artificial Intelligence and IOT are widely used to predict dosage of the fertilizer to be applied. By examining the numerous connected ascribe success locations of Cashew orchards, it was possible to determine how much macronutrients like Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K) were present in the soil and it will be helpful for the understanding of soil fertility level of the area. In our work, using IOT set up which includes Arduino UNO, NPK sensor and OLED display, we identified NPK values of soil for various cashew trees in a particular area. Along with NPK values of soil, inputs include the local soil type, PH and Tree age. Based on the input factors, DL trained model will provide suggestions of fertilizer dose to be applied for a specific tree for the Cashew cultivating farmers for better yield.  In our proposed work, LSTM based Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) Algorithm is used to provide a better prediction of fertilizer. With the help of this research, we can be provided with what intercrop to plant and how much fertilizer to use, in what ratio to supply and fertilizer shop suggestion to enhance agricultural knowledge across the globe using the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence. The result of RNN model was compared with Random Forest, Linear Regression, Linear Random Classifier, Decision Tree Classifier with proving accuracy of 98.7 %. Together with a decrease in the farmers' input efforts, these strategies will increase the productivity of the fields

Language and Life of Sangam People

A non-linguistic human race cannot exist anywhere on earth, animals and even birds have developed their own language in the form of sound. A human cannot be freed from language even for a singke moment. The reason behind is that without language a man cannot think. Language is a natural product of human society, and language is a medium that can be used for the exchange of ideas between people. Knowledge of vernacular is also essential in today's world to communicate with people of different linguistic backgrounds who may be living in different parts of the world. It is the nature of every person born in the world to respect their mother in a high place and that is why it is natural to consider anything that enriches the life of the people as equal to the mother. Birds and animals communicate with each other through certain sounds and their emotions such as fear and desire are expressed through sounds and it varies according to different situations. So, it is not possible for birds and animals to express ideas clearly. Among the creatures living on earth, only human beings are in a position to convey feelings and ideas to others accurately. Thus, language is the basic tool for communication between the human beings

A study on foetal outcome after diagnosis of oligohydramnios at term in tertiary care center

Background: Oligohydramnios is associated with a variety of ominous pregnancy outcomes such as foetal distress, low birth weight, perinatal morbidity and increased incidence of Caesarean section. Objective of present study was to determine the outcome of maternal and Foetal wellbeing after diagnosis of oligohydramnios at term pregnancy.Methods: 50 pregnant women aged between 18 – 27 years were screened with history of oligohydramnios by ultrasound scanning after 37 completed weeks, compared with 50 controls with no oligohydramnios.Results: The mean age of the study group was 22.7 years and of the control group was 22.4 years, respectively. Majority of the patients were primigravidae in both the groups. The mean gestational age was 39.5 weeks in study group and 39.4 in control group. The occurrence of non reactive NST was more in study group compared to the control group. The efficacy of AFI as a screening test to predict foetal distress is more significant with Positive Predictive Value of 57% and Negative Predictive Value of 80%. The mean birth weight was 2.5 kg in the study group compared to 2.75 kg in the control group which is statistically significant. 34 % of the newborns were admitted to NICU in study group compared to 14% in the control group.Conclusions: In the presence of oligohydramnios, the occurrence of non-reactive NST, meconium stained liquor, development of foetal distress are very high

B-lynch suture in the management of uterine atony during caesarean section section

Background: Third stage of labour is still the “sword of Damocle’s” hanging above an obstetrician , inspite  of  today’s advanced technologies and personal care .The importance in the management of this deadly stage lies in the anticipation of complications and being quick enough to treat them timely.  Hence in such scenarios, B-lynch suture is most popular method in treatment of uterine atony during caesarean section. The objective is to study and evaluate the cases in which the B-Lynch suture was used to treat the uterine atony during caesarean section.Methods: A prospective randomized study consisting of 50 women with high risk factors for atonic pph during caesarean section were included as study group patients were subjected to B-Lynch suture application when conventional drugs failed to control PPH. Blood loss was measured using a measuring jar. The fall in Hb% and the need for blood transfusion, and the need for hysterectomy as a last resort to save the life was evaluated.Results: The average blood loss was 1490 ml and the majority of patients had reduction in Hb% from 1.1-1.5 gm% (52%), 36% of the patients did not receive any blood transfusion after B-Lynch suture, and in 80% of cases hysterectomy was avoided.Conclusions: Our study shows cases treated with B-Lynch procedure showed that it is an effective method of containing pph.  It has the advantage of being applied easily and safely. It should be attempted when conservative management fails and before any radical surgery is considered

Smallholder Participation in Agricultural Value Chains: Comparative Evidence from Three Continents

Supermarkets, specialized wholesalers, and processors and agro-exporters’ agricultural value chains have begun to transform the marketing channels into which smallholder farmers sell produce in low-income economies. We develop a conceptual framework through which to study contracting between smallholders and a commodity-processing firm. We then conduct an empirical meta-analysis of agricultural value chains in five countries across three continents (Ghana, India, Madagascar, Mozambique, and Nicaragua). We document patterns of participation, the welfare gains associated with participation, reasons for non-participation, the significant extent of contract non-compliance, and the considerable dynamism of these value chains, as farmers and firms enter and exit frequently.

IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT SUBSTITUTED BENZILIC ACID USING 2,2-DIPHENYL-1-PICRYL HYDRAZYL RADICAL, ABTS ASSAY METHOD

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant activity of different substituted benzilic acid using DPPH assay and ABTS methods.Methods: Compounds were synthesized based on benzil-benzilic acid rearrangement. The synthesized compound was confirmed by 1HNMR, Infrared,Mass, TGA, and UV analysis. Antioxidant activity of the compound was measured by radical scavenging assay method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)and ABTS method.Results: All synthesized compounds show moderate to extent antioxidant activity. The results for the antioxidant activity showed that the highestpercentage of scavenger radicals was present in the 2'-chloro-4-methoxy-3-nitro benzilic acid.Conclusion: The result showed that better activity in 2'-chloro-4-methoxy-3-nitro benzilic acid due to the presence of electro withdrawing andelectro donating group than others. Thus, it could be served as potent antioxidant. All compounds were tested for their effect on the viability of cellsand results demonstrated that they are not toxic towards the cell lines used.Keywords: Synthesis, Antioxidant activity, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl assay, ABTS assay

Polymorphic behavior of an organic compound

Objective: Polymorphic crystals were exhibited in many organic compounds. The frequency changes, relative intensities, band contours, and numberof bands were observed in the spectra of different polymorphism which may be due to molecule-molecule interactions in the crystal unit cells. Theshape of a molecule at its site in the unit cell is distorted by molecular interactions.Methods: The identification of a pure crystal form and to quantify a mixture of two forms infrared and Raman spectra of different crystalline formsof the same organic compound can be used. 2'-chloro-4-methoxy-3-nitro benzil (1) was synthesized and its two polymorphic forms were obtainedby recrystallization from the solvents acetone/chloroform and ethanol. The polymorphism present in the compound was confirmed by single crystalX-ray crystallography and differential scanning calorimetry.Results: The polymorph 1.1 crystallizes as triclinic P-1 space group in the solvent acetone – chloroform and the polymorph 1.2 crystallizes asmonoclinic P21/c space group in the solvent ethanol.Discussion: The intermolecular lattice energy and the interplay of molecular conformation in the crystallization and stability of polymorphs areidentified by X-ray crystal structures of conformational polymorphs.Keywords: Conformational polymorphism, Organic compounds, Single crystal growth, X-ray diffraction

CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRIC STUDIES FOR DIFFERENT SUBSTITUTED BENZILS

ABSTRACTThe electroreduction of different substituted benzils was synthesized and studied in alcoholic and alkaline medium by cyclic voltammetry. In alkalinesolutions, the reduction occurs in two reversible one-electron steps producing the anion radical and the dianion. In the presence of alcohol, thefirst reduction is unaffected and the second reduction wave becomes irreversible and is shifted toward positive potentials, following qualitativelythe criteria for a rapid reaction of the dianion with the proton donor. The protonation can occur through the radical anion since it is not possible toobserve the first step of the reaction to the radical anion.Keywords: Cyclic voltammetric studies, Synthesized benzils, Electroanalysis

Coordination properties of vic-isonitrosoimines in their copper (II) and palladium (II) complexes

Preparation and structural characterization of palladium (II) complexes of ligands III-V and copper (II) complexes of III are reported. The elemental analyses of the complexes show that the metal: ligand ratio is 1:2. The electrical conductance in acetone shows the non-electrolytic nature of the complexes. The diamagnetic character suggests a gross square-planar geometry for the palladium (II) complexes. Copper (II) complexes are paramagnetic with μeff.~1·90 B.M. Spectral data suggest that in all the complexes the ligand coordinates to the metal (II) symmetrically through isonitroso-nitrogen and imine-nitrogen, forming a five membered chelate ring. Amine-exchange reactions of the complexes are discussed and compared on the basis of their structures