Malathion Resistance in Larvae of Some Southern Minnesota Populations of the Indianmeal Moth,\u3ci\u3e Plodia Interpunctella\u3c/i\u3e (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Infesting Bulk-Stored Shelled Corn

Larvae of 21 field collected populations of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella, infesting stored shelled corn in southern Minnesota were tested for their susceptibility to malathion in the laboratory. A population that was a composite of the 21 populations and a malathion susceptible population were also tested for their susceptibility to malathion, pirimiphos-methyl and chlorpyrifos-methyl. Comparison of the LDso values of the field populations with the malathion susceptible population indicated that the field populations were ca. 33- to 625-fold resistant to malathion. The composite field population was ca. 243-fold resistant to malathion, and this population was 3.2-fold cross-resistant to pirimiphos-methyl, but was highly susceptible to chlorpyrifos-methyl

Enhancement of magnetoresistance in manganite multilayers

Magnanite multilayers have been fabricated using La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 as the ferromagnetic layer and Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and Nd0.5Ca0.5MnO3 as the spacer layers. All the multilayers were grown on LaAlO3 (100) by pulse laser deposition. An enhanced magnetoresistnace (defined (RH- R0)/R0) of more than 98% is observed in these multilayers. Also a low field magnetoresistance of 41% at 5000 Oe is observed in these multilayer films. The enhanced MR is attributed to the induced double exchange in the spacer layer, which is giving rise to more number of conducting carriers. This is compared by replacing the spacer layer with LaMnO3 where Mn exists only in 3+ state and no enhancement is observed in the La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 / LaMnO3 multilayers as double exchange mechanism can not be induced by external magnetic fields.Comment: 13 pages, 5 Figure

Performance Enhancement of Routing in MANETs by using EOMD

Usually large scale of network applications requires communication of the single copy of same information packets simultaneously to many destinations. Applying the infrastructure- based multicast routing protocols in Mobile Ad hoc wireless Networks (MANETs) is a big challenge task. The circumstances that make Multicasting in ad hoc networks is extra intricate than in wired networks are node mobility, Interference of Wi-Fi alerts and broadcast nature of the communication. Tree based Protocols aren't suitable for common topology modifications as an excessive amount of overhead for updating the filter information and additionally no longer suitable for partition or isolation. The major impact of routing for multi-hop MANETs comes due to mobility of the node, as performance is prone to modifications in network topology. When any link breaks, the direction should be repaired or changed, similar to direction preservation or route discovery, respectively. The rerouting process charges in radio bandwidth and battery energy, and the extra routing latency can also affect QoS for community packages, degrading communication performance. The ODMRP is more robust to mobility and unreliable wireless links as its core layout relies on periodic floods of path discovery and renovation. ODMRP periodically reconstructs the ?forwarding mesh? on a fixed quick interval. The path refresh is the most essential parameter because it has the important effect at the protocol overhead. We proposed an Extended - On Demand Multicast Routing Protocol with motion detection (EOMD), which reduces communication overhead and performance improvisation in mobile Ad-Hoc Network in Mobility

5-(4-Chloro­phen­yl)-1-methyl-3-oxocyclo­hexa­necarbonitrile

In the title mol­ecule, C14H14ClNO, the cyclo­hexane ring adopts a chair conformation. The cyano group and the methyl group have axial and equatorial orientations, respectively. The benzene ring has an equatorial orientation. A C—H⋯π inter­action involving the benzene ring is found in the crystal structure

New or rare Hedyotis Linn. (Rubiaceae) from South India

Three taxa of Hedyotis Linn. (Rubiaceae), viz., H. gamblei Henry & Subr. sp. nov., H. eualata var. agastyamalayana Henry & Subr. var. nov. and H. barberi (Gamble) Henry & Subr. comb. nov., collected from Agastyamalai Hills and surrounding regions in Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, South India, are described in this paper

Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) associated with rice mills: fumigation efficacy and population rebound

The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is the most important stored-product insect pest infesting rice (Oryza sativa L.) mills in the United States. Due to the phasing out of methyl bromide in accordance with the 1987 Montreal Protocol, the efficacy of alternative fumigants in controlling flour beetles in mill structures must be evaluated. Long-term trapping data sets (2-6 yr) of T. castaneum in and around seven rice mills were analyzed to assess the efficacy of sulfuryl fluoride fumigation (n = 25). Fumigation efficacy was evaluated as the percentage reduction in mean trap captures of adults and proportion of traps capturing at least one adult beetle. Beetle trap captures fluctuated seasonally, with increased captures during the warmer months, June-September, that dropped off during the cooler months, October-March. Fumigations resulted in a 66 ± 6% (mean ± SE) reduction in mean trap captures within mills and a 52 ± 6% reduction in the proportion of traps capturing at least one adult beetle. Lengths of time for captures to reach prefumigation levels, or rebound rates, were variable, and adult capture levels inside were most influenced by seasonal temperature changes. Temperatures inside mills followed those outside the mill closely, and a significant positive relationship between outside temperatures and trap captures was observed. Inside and outside trap captures exhibited a significant, positive relationship, but fumigations consistently led to reductions in beetle captures outside of mills, highlighting the interconnectedness of populations located inside and outside mill structures

PRESCRIPTION PATTERN ANALYSIS OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS IN PSYCHIATRIC OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT OF TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN INDIA

ABSTRACTObjectives: (1) To study the prescription pattern of antidepressants in treatment of depression in psychiatry outpatient department of tertiary carehospital in India, (2) to find the change in drug therapy during last 1 year of the treatment (old patients), (3) to study reason for a change in drugtherapy, and (4) to calculate prescribed daily dose (PDD) of the individual drugs.Methods: It was cross-sectional single centered observational study with a sample size of 284 cases. Case record forms were filled from case paper.Results were analyzed.Results: Monotherapy was practiced in 259 patients, i.e., 91.19% of the study population. A maximum number of patients (n=159, 55.98%) receivedescitalopram monotherapy. Polytherapy was practiced in 25 (8.8%) patients. Out of 160 old cases, 9 patients required a change in drug therapyeither in the form of drug or dose. PDD values were escitalopram: 12.30, fluoxetine: 18.43, paroxetine: 25, sertraline: 96.35, amitriptyline: 57.79,imipramine: 5.75, and mirtazapine: 17.67.Conclusion: From our study, it is concluded that the incidence of depression is more in females. Selective serotonin receptor inhibitors were themost common class of drugs used followed by tricyclic antidepressants. Escitalopram was most frequently prescribed antidepressant followed byamitriptyline. The prescription trend was toward monotherapy. Most patients continued treatment on the same medication. The poor therapeuticresponse was the most common reason for drug change.Keywords: Depression, Prescribed daily dose, Defined daily dose

Enhancement of magnetoresistance in manganite multilayers

Magnanite multilayers have been fabricated using La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 as the ferromagnetic layer and Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and Nd0.5Ca0.5MnO3 as the spacer layers. All the multilayers were grown on LaAlO3 (100) by pulse laser deposition. An enhanced magnetoresistnace (defined (RH- R0)/R0) of more than 98% is observed in these multilayers. Also a low field magnetoresistance of 41% at 5000 Oe is observed in these multilayer films. The enhanced MR is attributed to the induced double exchange in the spacer layer, which is giving rise to more number of conducting carriers. This is compared by replacing the spacer layer with LaMnO3 where Mn exists only in 3+ state and no enhancement is observed in the La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 / LaMnO3 multilayers as double exchange mechanism can not be induced by external magnetic fields.Comment: 13 pages, 5 Figure

A Novel K-Band Tunable Microstrip Bandpass Filter Using a Thin Film HTS/Ferroelectric/ Dielectric Configuration

We report on YBCO/strontium titanate (STO) thin film K-band tunable bandpass filters on lanthanum aluminate substrates. The 2 pole filters were designed for a center frequency of 19 GHz and 4% bandwidth. Tunability is achieved through the non-linear dc electric field dependence of the relative dielectric constant of STO (epsilon-rSTO). Center frequency shifts greater than 2 GHz were obtained at a 400V bipolar dc bias at temperatures below 77K, with minimum degradation in the insertion loss of the filters