17 research outputs found
Firms cash management, adjustment cost and its impact on firms’ speed of adjustment-A cross country analysis
We investigate the firms’ specific attributes that determine the difference in speed of adjustment
(SOA) towards the cash holdings target in the Scandinavian countries: Denmark,
Norway and Sweden. We examine whether Scandinavian firms maintain an optimal level
of cash holdings and determine if the active cash holdings management is associated with
the firms’ higher SOA and lower adjustment costs. Our findings substantiate that a higher
level of off-target cost induces professional managers to rebalance their cash level towards
the optimal balance of cash holdings. Our results reveal that Scandinavian firms accelerate
SOA towards cash targets primarily for the precautionary motive. Moreover, our results
show that SOA is heterogeneous across Scandinavian firms based on adjustment cost and
deviate cash holdings towards the target mainly with the support of internal financing. Furthermore,
our empirical findings show that the SOA of Norwegian firms is significantly
higher than the Danish and Swedish firms
Does spatial locative comprehension predict landmark-based navigation?
In the present study we investigated the role of spatial locative comprehension in learning and retrieving pathways when landmarks were available and when they were absent in a sample of typically developing 6- to 11-year-old children. Our results show that the more proficient children are in understanding spatial locatives the more they are able to learn pathways, retrieve them after a delay and represent them on a map when landmarks are present in the environment. These findings suggest that spatial language is crucial when individuals rely on sequences of landmarks to drive their navigation towards a given goal but that it is not involved when navigational representations based on the geometrical shape of the environment or the coding of body movements are sufficient for memorizing and recalling short pathways