Multiplicity Distributions and Charged-neutral Fluctuations

Results from the multiplicity distributions of inclusive photons and charged particles, scaling of particle multiplicities, event-by-event multiplicity fluctuations, and charged-neutral fluctuations in 158$\cdot A$ GeV Pb+Pb collisions are presented and discussed. A scaling of charged particle multiplicity as $N_{part}^{1.07\pm 0.05}$ and photons as $N_{part}^{1.12\pm 0.03}$ have been observed, indicating violation of naive wounded nucleon model. The analysis of localized charged-neutral fluctuation indicates a model-independent demonstration of non-statistical fluctuations in both charged particles and photons in limited azimuthal regions. However, no correlated charged-neutral fluctuations are observed.Comment: Talk given at the International Symposium on Nuclear Physics (ISNP-2000), Mumbai, India, 18-22 Dec 2000, Proceedings to be published in Pramana, Journal of Physic

Aag DNA Glycosylase Promotes Alkylation-Induced Tissue Damage Mediated by Parp1

Alkylating agents comprise a major class of front-line cancer chemotherapeutic compounds, and while these agents effectively kill tumor cells, they also damage healthy tissues. Although base excision repair (BER) is essential in repairing DNA alkylation damage, under certain conditions, initiation of BER can be detrimental. Here we illustrate that the alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) mediates alkylation-induced tissue damage and whole-animal lethality following exposure to alkylating agents. Aag-dependent tissue damage, as observed in cerebellar granule cells, splenocytes, thymocytes, bone marrow cells, pancreatic β-cells, and retinal photoreceptor cells, was detected in wild-type mice, exacerbated in Aag transgenic mice, and completely suppressed in Aag−/− mice. Additional genetic experiments dissected the effects of modulating both BER and Parp1 on alkylation sensitivity in mice and determined that Aag acts upstream of Parp1 in alkylation-induced tissue damage; in fact, cytotoxicity in WT and Aag transgenic mice was abrogated in the absence of Parp1. These results provide in vivo evidence that Aag-initiated BER may play a critical role in determining the side-effects of alkylating agent chemotherapies and that Parp1 plays a crucial role in Aag-mediated tissue damage.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH grant R01-CA075576)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH grant R01-CA055042)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH grant R01-CA149261)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH grant P30-ES00002)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH grant P30-ES02109)National Center for Research Resources (U.S.) (grant number M01RR-01066)National Center for Research Resources (U.S.) (grant number UL1 RR025758, Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center

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Not AvailableCASE STUDY OF A WATERSHED MANAGEMENT TAKEN UP IN VILLAGE HARIJAN NADA IN HARYANA STATE HAS BEEN PRESENTED IN THE PAPER IN WHICH PROTECTION OF HILLS IS GOING HAND IN HAND WITH PRODUCTION FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS, VEGETABLES AND FRUITS PLANTS. THERE HAS BEEN 250 AND 350% INCREASE IN PRODUCTION OF MAIZE AND WHEATNot Availabl

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Not AvailableAN EXPERIMENT WAS CONDUCTED FOR THREE YEARS (1983-85) TO FIND OUT YIELD , TOTAL PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC RETURNS AND RESIDUAL EFFECT OF GROWING GREENGRAM, BLACKGRAM, SOYABEAN AND GUAR AS INTERCROPS WITH MAIZE AT 90cm SPACING UNDER RAINFED CONDITION . MAIZE YIELD INCREASED BY 32,31 AND 16% WITH GREEN GRAM, BLACKGRAM AND SOYABEAN , RESPECTIVELY AS INTERCROPS OVER PURE MAIZE YIELD WAS REDUCED WHEN THE NUMBER OF ROWS OF INTERCROPS WAS INCREASED FROM ONE TO TWO. AMONGST THE INTERCROPS , GUAR WITH TWO ROWS RECORDED MEAN MAXIMUM YIELD (864 kg/ha) . YIELD OF ALL THE INTERCROPS INCREASED WITH INCREASE IN NUMBER OF ROWS FROM ONE TO TWO. HIGHEST MEAN MAIZE EQUIVALENT (3482 kg/ha) AND MEAN NET RETURNS ( 3698 /ha) WERE OBTAINED WITH MAIZE PLUS TWO ROWS OF GUAR AS INTERCROP. SOLE CROP OF MAIZE GAVE CONSISTENTLY LOWER NET RETURNS. RESIDUAL EFFECT OF INTERCROPS WAS REFLECTED IN HIGHER WHEAT YIELD RANGING FROM 7 TO 23%.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTHE SCATTERED EFFORTS MADE IN SOIL CONSERVATION PROGRAMME HAVE FAILED TO BRING ABOUT RADICAL CHANGE IN THE STATUS OF DOWN TRODDEN PEOPLE RESIDING IN THE MOST VULNERABLE AREAS SPECIALLY IN THE SHIWALIK FOOTHILLS AS HAS BEEN REVEALED THROUGH THE SURVEY CONDUCTED IN VILLAGES SUKHOMAJRI, DHAMALA AND NADA. STATING THE GAP BETWEEN WHAT IS AVAILABLE AND WHAT CAN BE MADE AVAILABLE FROM THE SAME LAND AND WATER RESOURCES , THE PAPER ADVOCATES THE NEED FOR MASS AWAKENING FOR CONVERTING THE SOIL CONSERVATION INTO PEOPLE'S PROGRAMME. A NUMBER OF OPERATIONAL PROJECTS FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT INVOLVING THE LOCAL PEOPLE WITH LIBERALISED FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE NEEDS TO BE TAKEN. THE PROJECTS SHOULD CONCLUSIVELY DEMONSTRATE THE POSSIBILITY OF RAISING THE INCOME BY NO LESS THAN 300% . IT IS THEN ONLY THAT THE PROGRAMME WILL GATHER THE MOMENTUM IT DESERVES.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAN EXPERIMENT WAS CONDUCTED FOR THREE YEARS ( 1982-85) TO FIND OUT YIELD , TOTAL PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC RETURNS AND RESIDUAL EFFECT OF GROWING GREEENGRAM , BLACKGRAM, SOYABEAN AND GUAR AS INTERCROPS WITH MAIZE AT 90cm SPACING UNDER RAINFED CONDITION. MAIZE YIELD INCREASED BY 32,31 AND 16% WITH GREENGRAM , BLACKGRAM AND SOYABEAN , RESPECTIVELY AS INTERCROPS OVER PURE MAIZE. GUAR WITH TWO ROWS REDUCED MAIZE YIELD. MAIZE YIELD WAS REDUCED WHEN THE NUMBER OF ROWS OF INTERCROPS WAS INCREASED FROM ONE TO TWO. AMONGST THE INTERCROPS , GUAR WITH TWO ROWS RECORDED MEAN MAXIMUM YIELD (864kg/ha) . YIELD OF ALL THE INTERCROPS INCREASED WITH THE INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF ROWS FROM ONE TO TWO. HIGHEST MEAN MAIZE (3482 kg/ha) AND MEAN NET RETURNS ( RS 3698 /ha) WERE OBTAINED WITH MAIZE PLUS TWO ROWS OF GUAR AS INTERCROP. SOLE CROP OF MAIZE GAVE CONSISTENTLY LOWER NET RETURNS. RESIDUAL EFFECT OF INTERCROPS WAS REFLECTED IN HIGHER WHEAT YIELD RANGING FROM 7 TO 23%.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTHIS PAPER PRESENTS ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROGRAMMES WITH NUCLEII AS THE NEWLY CONSTRUCTED DAMS IN HARYANA AND HIMACHAL PRADESH AND DISCUSSES THE SENSITIVITY OF THE BENEFIT COST RATIO (B/C) OF THE PROJECTS. THE B/C OF THE PROJECTS UNDER STUDY VARIES FROM 1.4 ( NADA DAMS I AND II JOINTLY) TO 5.32 ( BEHDALA AND CHATARA)Not Availabl

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Not AvailableINTEGRATED DEVELOPMENTAL EFFORTS AND TOTAL WELL- BEING OF THE HILLY PEOPLE HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY DEMONSTRATED IN TWO SHIWALIK FOOTHILL VILLAGES VIZ SUKHOMAJRI AND NADA , DISTRICT AMBALA ( HARYANA) . SOCIO- ECONOMIC SURVEY OF THESE VILLAGES REVEALED THAT THEIR DEPENDENCE ON HILLS WAS OUT OF COMPULSION. UNTILL AND UNLESS THE PROBLEMS OF LOCAL PEOPLE ARE IDENTIFIED AND THE SOLUTIONS SOUGHT WITH THEIR TOTAL INVOLVEMENT , NO AMOUNT OF EFFORTS FOR HILL AREA DEVELOPMENT CAN BE SUCCESSFUL , WITH THEIR INVOLVEMENT AND BY PROVIDING THEM VIABLE ALTERNATIVES WITH HILL RESOURCES , LIKE WATER AND BHABAR ( EULALIOPSIS BINATA) , PEOPLE HAVE BEEN MOTIVATED TO PROTECT HILLY AREAS. THIS IS CALLED "SOCIAL FENCING". AN INVESTMENT OF RS 80000 HAS GENERATED EXTRA WEALTH TO THE TUNE OF RS 4 LACS ANNUALLY IN SUKHOMAJRI. INTRODUCTION OF SMOKELESS CHULHA HAS REDUCED FUEL CONSUMPTION BY 30%. GOATS AND COWS ARE BEING REPLACED BY GOOD QUALITY MILK BUFFALOES. TO ENSURE PROPER MANAGEMENT OF HILL RESOURCES AND THEIR EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION , HILL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SOCIETIES HAVE BEEN CONSTITUTED IN BOTH THE VILLAGES.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableBASED ON THE RESEARCH FINDINGS AND THE TRIALS CONDUCTED IN FARMER'S FIELDS , THE PAPER ANALYSES THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT FACTORS ON CROP YIELDS OBTAINED IN SHIWALIK FOOTHIL REGION AND SUGGESTS THE REMEDIAL MEASURES TO REDUCE THE YIELD GAPS.Not Availabl

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Not AvailablePRESENTS RESULTS OF A STUDY CONDUCTED DURING 1985-1989 IN SHIWALIK FOOTHILLS TO SEE THE EFFECT OF IRRIGATION AND MULCH ON GROWTH YIELD AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY( WUE) OF TARAMIRA ( ERUCA SATIVA MILL) . TREATMENTS CONSISTED OF NO IRRIGATION ( CONTROL) AND PRE- SOWING IRRIGATION IN MAIN PLOTS WITH FOUR MULCH TREATMENTS i.e NO MULCH ( CONTROL) AND GRASS MULCH @ 2.4 AND 6 t/ha IN SUB PLOTS. IRRIGATION DID NOT INFLUENCE THE YIELD , YIELD ATTRIBUTING CHARACTERS AND NET RETURNS. HOWEVER THE WATER USE, WUE AND STRAW YIELD WERE HIGHER UNDER PRE- SOWING IRRIGATION AS COMPARED TO CONTROL. APPLICATION OF GRASS MULCH @ 6t/ha RESULTED IN SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER GRAIN AND STRAW YIELD . IT ALSO GAVE HIGHER WUE NET RETURNS AND VALUES OF YIELD ATTRIBUTING CHARACTERS.Not Availabl