Pesan-Pesan Komunikasi Edukatif Dalam Mendidik Anak (Tinjauan Prespektif Komunikasi Islam)

Pembahasan ini mentela’ah tentang pesan-pesan komunikasi edukatif dalam mendidik anak dilihat dari sudut pandang prespektif komunikasi Islam yang merujuk pada Al-qur,an dan Hadist. Bagaimana sebenarnya pesan-pesan komunikasi antara orangtua dan anak yang ada dalam Al-qur,an dan hadist memiliki nilai-nilai edukatif dari orangtua ke anak yang tertuang secara tersurat dan tersirat. Pendekatan dalam kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kajian literature kepustakaan(Library Research) dengan mempelajari dan mengumpulkan data dari berbagai literature, buku-buku serta sumber-sumber yang relevan dan mendukung kajian penelitian. Sedangkan untuk analisis data, penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dalam komunikasi Islam yang konsep dasarnya merujuk pada Al-qura,an dan hadits, terdapat banyak sekali ayat-ayat yang menjelaskan secara tersurat dan tersirat tentang komunikasi edukatif. hal ini dapat diihat dari ciri komunikasi edukatif itu sendiri didalam pesannya, yaitu adanya pesan yang berisikan penanaman nilai-nilai edukatif antar komunikator yaitu orangtua, kepada komunikan yaitu anaknya. Pesan-pesan tersebut berisikan penanaman nilai-nilai pendidikan serta penanaman keyakinan yang fundamental bagi diri manusia khusus jiwa seorang muslim yaitu nilai-nilai tauhid, aqidah dan nilai-nilai moral atau akhlak mulia yang ditanamkan orangtua kepada anaknya dalam segala hal kehidupan termasuk dalam hal komunikasi

A conceptual study on the effect of Tilwaka Prathisaraneeya Kshara in Internal Haemorrhoids

Arshas is one of the most common ano-rectal disorder affecting mankind for thousands of years, which is evident from references available in Vedas. Because of its severity it is considered as one among the Astamahagadas. Arshas can be clinically correlated with Haemorrhoids. Haemorrhoids are dilated veins with in the anal canal in the subepithelial region formed by radicles of the superior, middle and inferior rectal veins. It is divided into two categories - internal and external Haemorrhoids. The causes are straining during defecation, sitting for a long period, chronic diarrhea or constipation, being obese, being pregnant, eating low fiber diet, regular heavy lifting etc. Haemorrhoids are very common and affect up to 5% of general population particularly people above 50 yrs of age. Sushruta explains four modalities of treatment for Arshoroga as Bheshaja, Kshara, Agni and Shastra Karma. Kshara Pratisarana is mentioned in case of Arshas which is having features like Mrudu (soft), Prasruta (extensive), Avagadha (deep) and Ucchrita (raised). The effect of Kshara is to replace Shastra Karma, as it does the functions of Chedana, Bhedana and Lekhana Karma. It also does the functions like Dahana, Dharana, Pachana, Vilayana, Shodana, Ropana, Shoshana, Stambana, Krimighna, Kaphaghna, Kustaghna, Vishaghna, and Medhaghna. Hence Kshara Karma is considered to be superior among Shastra and Anushastra Karma. It is a para surgical procedure which requires minimum hospital stay. Here is an attempt is made to conduct a study regarding the effect of Tilwaka Prathisaraneeya Kshara in Internal Haemorrhoids

Low Viral Load Does Not Exclude Significant Liver Damage in Patients with Chronic HBV Infection in Bangladesh

Background: In general, it is assumed that patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with high viral load exhibit increased liver damages. Accordingly, the treatment guidelines emphasize on reducing viral load in chronic HBV carriers. The ethical and scientific basis of these observations was mainly accumulated from investigations from developed countries of the world. More than 80% chronic HBV carriers live in the developing nations of the world, but little is known about relationship between HBV viral load and extent of liver damages in these countries. In this study, we addressed this issue to provide insights about this. Methods: In this retrospective study we reviewed the records of 210 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients from our pool of 561 Bangladeshi CHB patients. All of these 210 patients had low HBV DNA (<105 copies/ml by PCR). Of them 16 were HBeAg +ve and rest 194 HBeAg -ve. They have also been tested for other serologic markers of HBV (i.e. HBsAg, anti-HBe), HCV (i.e. anti-HCV) and serum alaninetransaminase (ALT) level. All patients also underwent per-cutaneous liver biopsy. Results: 37.5% (6/16) HBeAg +ve patients with low HBV DNA had significant hepatic necro-inflammation (HAI-NI ≥7), whereas this figure was 31.44% (61/194) in case of HBeAg -ve patients. On the other hand significant hepatic fibrosis (HAI-F ≥3) was observed in 31.25% (5/16) and 14.4% (28/194) in HBeAg +ve and -ve patients respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that a correlation could not be established between viral load and liver damage in patients with CHB in Bangladesh. A significant percentage of patients with low HBV DNA may have marked hepatic necro-inflammation and fibrosis, more so in case of HBeAg +ve CHB. Further study may be needed to find out the influence of other factors on liver damages in CHB patients in developing nations like Bangladesh, where about 8 million chronic HBV carriers are living. Most of these patients have not been characterized and treatment modalities have not been defined for them. Our study may suggest the research direction for management of these cases. Key Words: Low HBV DNA; Chronic hepatitis B; Hepatic necro-inflammation; Hepatic fibrosis.DOI: 10.3329/bsmmuj.v1i1.3693 BSMMU J 2008; 1(1): 19-2

APLIKASI PENYEWAAN DVD-CD

Penyewaan DVD-CD merupakan tempat yang menyediakan berbagai film yang dikemas dengan bentuk keping CD maupun DVD. Bisnis ini menjamur di masyarakat sehingga perlu adanya pengolahan data transaksi yang akurat guna menunjang bisnis sewa DVD-CD ini. Sistem penyewaan DVD-CD dengan sistem deposit pulsa merupakan sistem yang saat ini banyak diterapkan oleh bisnis penyewaan DVD-CD. Aplikasi penyewaan DVD-CD ini dapat membantu pengolahan data DVD-CD, data berita, anggota, petugas, jenis anggota, dan transaksi baik transaksi top up, transaksi sewa juga transaksi pengembalian. Kata Kunci: Rental DVD-CD, Aplikasi, Sistem Deposit, PHP, Framework CodeIgniter, MySQ

APLIKASI PENYEWAAN DVD-CD

Penyewaan DVD-CD merupakan tempat yang menyediakan berbagai film yang dikemas dengan bentuk keping CD maupun DVD. Bisnis ini menjamur di masyarakat sehingga perlu adanya pengolahan data transaksi yang akurat guna menunjang bisnis sewa DVD-CD ini.Sistem penyewaan DVD-CD dengan sistem deposit pulsa merupakan sistem yang saat ini banyak diterapkan oleh bisnis penyewaan DVD-CD. Aplikasi penyewaan DVD-CD ini dapat membantu pengolahan data DVD-CD, data berita, anggota, petugas, jenisanggota, dan transaksi baik transaksi top up, transaksi sewa juga transaksi pengembalian. Kata Kunci: Rental DVD-CD, Aplikasi, Sistem Deposit, PHP, FrameworkCodeIgniter, MySQ

Effect of multivitamin and multimineral supplementation on cognitive function in men and women aged 65 years and over : a randomised controlled trial

Background: Observational studies have frequently reported an association between cognitive function and nutrition in later life but randomised trials of B vitamins and antioxidant supplements have mostly found no beneficial effect. We examined the effect of daily supplementation with 11 vitamins and 5 minerals on cognitive function in older adults to assess the possibility that this could help to prevent cognitive decline. Methods: The study was carried out as part of a randomised double blind placebo controlled trial of micronutrient supplementation based in six primary care health centres in North East Scotland. 910 men and women aged 65 years and over living in the community were recruited and randomised: 456 to active treatment and 454 to placebo. The active treatment consisted of a single tablet containing eleven vitamins and five minerals in amounts ranging from 50–210 % of the UK Reference Nutrient Intake or matching placebo tablet taken daily for 12 months. Digit span forward and verbal fluency tests, which assess immediate memory and executive functioning respectively, were conducted at the start and end of the intervention period. Risk of micronutrient deficiency at baseline was assessed by a simple risk questionnaire. Results: For digit span forward there was no evidence of an effect of supplements in all participants or in sub-groups defined by age or risk of deficiency. For verbal fluency there was no evidence of a beneficial effect in the whole study population but there was weak evidence for a beneficial effect of supplementation in the two pre-specified subgroups: in those aged 75 years and over (n 290; mean difference between supplemented and placebo groups 2.8 (95% CI -0.6, 6.2) units) and in those at increased risk of micronutrient deficiency assessed by the risk questionnaire (n 260; mean difference between supplemented and placebo groups 2.5 (95% CI -1.0, 6.1) units). Conclusion: The results provide no evidence for a beneficial effect of daily multivitamin and multimineral supplements on these domains of cognitive function in community-living people over 65 years. However, the possibility of beneficial effects in older people and those at greater risk of nutritional deficiency deserves further attention.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Random Matrix Theory for the Hermitian Wilson Dirac Operator and the chGUE-GUE Transition

We introduce a random two-matrix model interpolating between a chiral Hermitian (2n+nu)x(2n+nu) matrix and a second Hermitian matrix without symmetries. These are taken from the chiral Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (chGUE) and Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (GUE), respectively. In the microscopic large-n limit in the vicinity of the chGUE (which we denote by weakly non-chiral limit) this theory is in one to one correspondence to the partition function of Wilson chiral perturbation theory in the epsilon regime, such as the related two matrix-model previously introduced in refs. [20,21]. For a generic number of flavours and rectangular block matrices in the chGUE part we derive an eigenvalue representation for the partition function displaying a Pfaffian structure. In the quenched case with nu=0,1 we derive all spectral correlations functions in our model for finite-n, given in terms of skew-orthogonal polynomials. The latter are expressed as Gaussian integrals over standard Laguerre polynomials. In the weakly non-chiral microscopic limit this yields all corresponding quenched eigenvalue correlation functions of the Hermitian Wilson operator.Comment: 27 pages, 4 figures; v2 typos corrected, published versio

Massive stars as thermonuclear reactors and their explosions following core collapse

Nuclear reactions transform atomic nuclei inside stars. This is the process of stellar nucleosynthesis. The basic concepts of determining nuclear reaction rates inside stars are reviewed. How stars manage to burn their fuel so slowly most of the time are also considered. Stellar thermonuclear reactions involving protons in hydrostatic burning are discussed first. Then I discuss triple alpha reactions in the helium burning stage. Carbon and oxygen survive in red giant stars because of the nuclear structure of oxygen and neon. Further nuclear burning of carbon, neon, oxygen and silicon in quiescent conditions are discussed next. In the subsequent core-collapse phase, neutronization due to electron capture from the top of the Fermi sea in a degenerate core takes place. The expected signal of neutrinos from a nearby supernova is calculated. The supernova often explodes inside a dense circumstellar medium, which is established due to the progenitor star losing its outermost envelope in a stellar wind or mass transfer in a binary system. The nature of the circumstellar medium and the ejecta of the supernova and their dynamics are revealed by observations in the optical, IR, radio, and X-ray bands, and I discuss some of these observations and their interpretations.Comment: To be published in " Principles and Perspectives in Cosmochemistry" Lecture Notes on Kodai School on Synthesis of Elements in Stars; ed. by Aruna Goswami & Eswar Reddy, Springer Verlag, 2009. Contains 21 figure

The pseudogap: friend or foe of high Tc?

Although nineteen years have passed since the discovery of high temperature superconductivity, there is still no consensus on its physical origin. This is in large part because of a lack of understanding of the state of matter out of which the superconductivity arises. In optimally and underdoped materials, this state exhibits a pseudogap at temperatures large compared to the superconducting transition temperature. Although discovered only three years after the pioneering work of Bednorz and Muller, the physical origin of this pseudogap behavior and whether it constitutes a distinct phase of matter is still shrouded in mystery. In the summer of 2004, a band of physicists gathered for five weeks at the Aspen Center for Physics to discuss the pseudogap. In this perspective, we would like to summarize some of the results presented there and discuss its importance in the context of strongly correlated electron systems.Comment: expanded version, 20 pages, 11 figures, to be published, Advances in Physic