Type 2 diabetes, depressive symptoms and trajectories of cognitive decline in a national sample of community-dwellers: a prospective cohort study

We examined the individual and synergistic effects of type 2 diabetes and elevated depressive symptoms on memory and executive function trajectories over 10 and eight years of follow-up, respectively. Our sample comprised 10,524 community-dwellers aged ≥50 years in 2002±03 from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. With respect to memory (word recall), participants with either diabetes or elevated depressive symptoms recalled significantly fewer words compared with those free of these conditions (reference category), but more words compared with those with both conditions. There was a significant acceleration in the rate of memory decline in participants aged ≤50±64 years with both conditions (-0.27, 95% CI, -0.45 to -0.08, per study wave), which was not observed in those with either condition or aged ≥65 years. With respect to executive function (animal naming), participants aged 65 years with diabetes or those with elevated depressive symptoms named significantly fewer animals compared with the reference category, while those with both conditions named fewer animals compared with any other category. The rate of executive function decline was significantly greater in participants with both conditions (-0.54, 95% CI, -0.99 to -0.10; and ±0.71, 95% CI, -1.16 to -0.27, per study wave, for those aged 50±64 and ≥65 years, respectively), but not in participants with either condition. Diabetes and elevated depressive symptoms are inversely associated with memory and executive function, but, individually, do not accelerate cognitive decline. The co-occurrence of diabetes and elevated depressive symptoms significantly accelerates cognitive decline over time, especially among those aged 50±64 years

Reinternação em hospital psiquiátrico: a compreensão do processo saúde/doença na vivência do cotidiano Reinternamiento en hospital psiquiátrico: la comprensión del proceso salud/enfermedad en la vivencia del cotidiano Readmission to a psychiatric hospital: the comprehension of the health/illness process through the experience of daily life

Este trabalho é recorte de uma investigação que buscou identificar o cotidiano de pessoas com transtornos mentais, que sofrem reinternações psiquiátricas. Nesse percurso foi possível evidenciar que esses sujeitos expressam diversas concepções do processo saúde/doença mental e que caracterizam as formas de tratamento que se utilizam. Utilizou-se como metodologia a abordagem qualitativa fundamentada no conceito de cotidiano da autora Agnes Heller. As entrevistas de pacientes e familiares foram submetidas à análise de discurso que, entre outros resultados, revelou que essa população passou a ter novas ferramentas e possibilidades para compreender a loucura e a assistência ao doente mental.<br>Este trabajo es recorte de una investigación que buscó identificar el cotidiano de personas con trastornos mentales, que sufren reinternamientos psiquiátricos. En este recorrido fue posible evidenciar que esos sujetos expresan diversas concepciones del proceso salud/enfermedad mental y que caracterizan las formas de tratamiento utilizados. En la metodología se utilizó el abordaje cualitativo fundamentado en el concepto de cotidiano de la autora Agnes Heller. Las entrevistas de pacientes y familiares fueron sometidas al análisis de discurso que, entre otros resultados, reveló que esa población pasó a tener nuevas herramientas y posibilidades para comprender la locura y la asistencia al enfermo mental.<br>This study is part of a research that aimed at identifying the daily life of people with mental disruptions who are re-admitted to psychiatric hospitals. It was possible to pinpoint that these individuals express several conceptions of the health/mental illness process and that they also distinguish the kinds of treatment they go through. As far as methodology is concerned the study used the qualitative approach based on Agnes Heller's concept of daily life. The interviews with patients and their relatives were submitted to speech analysis, which showed, among other results, that relatives have developed new tools and possibilities in order to understand the patients' mental state and provide them with the necessary assistance