30 research outputs found
Optimal Control of Quantum Dissipative Dynamics: Analytic solution for cooling the three level system
We study the problem of optimal control of dissipative quantum dynamics.
Although under most circumstances dissipation leads to an increase in entropy
(or a decrease in purity) of the system, there is an important class of
problems for which dissipation with external control can decrease the entropy
(or increase the purity) of the system. An important example is laser cooling.
In such systems, there is an interplay of the Hamiltonian part of the dynamics,
which is controllable and the dissipative part of the dynamics, which is
uncontrollable. The strategy is to control the Hamiltonian portion of the
evolution in such a way that the dissipation causes the purity of the system to
increase rather than decrease. The goal of this paper is to find the strategy
that leads to maximal purity at the final time. Under the assumption that
Hamiltonian control is complete and arbitrarily fast, we provide a general
framework by which to calculate optimal cooling strategies. These assumptions
lead to a great simplification, in which the control problem can be
reformulated in terms of the spectrum of eigenvalues of , rather than
itself. By combining this formulation with the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman
theorem we are able to obtain an equation for the globaly optimal cooling
strategy in terms of the spectrum of the density matrix. For the three-level
system, we provide a complete analytic solution for the optimal
cooling strategy. For this system it is found that the optimal strategy does
not exploit system coherences and is a 'greedy' strategy, in which the purity
is increased maximally at each instant.Comment: 9 pages, 3 fig
Evaluating amplified rDNA restriction analysis assay for identification of bacterial communities
Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and restriction fragment length polymorphism were originally used for strain typing and for screening clone libraries to identify phylogenetic clusters within a microbial community. Here we used ARDRA as a model to examine the capacity of restriction-based techniques for clone identification, and the possibility of deriving phylogenetic information from ARDRA-based dendrograms. ARDRA was performed in silico on 48,759 sequences from the Ribosomal Database Project, and it was found that the fragmentation profiles were not necessarily unique for each sequence in the database, resulting in different species sharing fragmentation profiles. Although ARDRA-based clusters separated clones into different genera, these phylogenetic clusters did not overlap with trees constructed according to sequence alignment, calling into question the intra-genus ARDRA-based phylogeny. It is thus suggested that the prediction power of ARDRA clusters in identifying clone phylogeny be regarded with caution
Optimal control theory for unitary transformations
The dynamics of a quantum system driven by an external field is well
described by a unitary transformation generated by a time dependent
Hamiltonian. The inverse problem of finding the field that generates a specific
unitary transformation is the subject of study. The unitary transformation
which can represent an algorithm in a quantum computation is imposed on a
subset of quantum states embedded in a larger Hilbert space. Optimal control
theory (OCT) is used to solve the inversion problem irrespective of the initial
input state. A unified formalism, based on the Krotov method is developed
leading to a new scheme. The schemes are compared for the inversion of a
two-qubit Fourier transform using as registers the vibrational levels of the
electronic state of Na. Raman-like transitions through the
electronic state induce the transitions. Light fields are found
that are able to implement the Fourier transform within a picosecond time
scale. Such fields can be obtained by pulse-shaping techniques of a femtosecond
pulse. Out of the schemes studied the square modulus scheme converges fastest.
A study of the implementation of the qubit Fourier transform in the Na
molecule was carried out for up to 5 qubits. The classical computation effort
required to obtain the algorithm with a given fidelity is estimated to scale
exponentially with the number of levels. The observed moderate scaling of the
pulse intensity with the number of qubits in the transformation is
rationalized.Comment: 32 pages, 6 figure
Quantum computing implementations with neutral particles
We review quantum information processing with cold neutral particles, that
is, atoms or polar molecules. First, we analyze the best suited degrees of
freedom of these particles for storing quantum information, and then we discuss
both single- and two-qubit gate implementations. We focus our discussion mainly
on collisional quantum gates, which are best suited for atom-chip-like devices,
as well as on gate proposals conceived for optical lattices. Additionally, we
analyze schemes both for cold atoms confined in optical cavities and hybrid
approaches to entanglement generation, and we show how optimal control theory
might be a powerful tool to enhance the speed up of the gate operations as well
as to achieve high fidelities required for fault tolerant quantum computation.Comment: 19 pages, 12 figures; From the issue entitled "Special Issue on
Neutral Particles
Speeding up the spatial adiabatic passage of matter waves in optical microtraps by optimal control
We numerically investigate the performance of atomic transport in optical
microtraps via the so called spatial adiabatic passage technique. Our analysis
is carried out by means of optimal control methods, which enable us to
determine suitable transport control pulses. We investigate the ultimate limits
of the optimal control in speeding up the transport process in a triple well
configuration for both a single atomic wave packet and a Bose-Einstein
condensate within a regime of experimental parameters achievable with current
optical technology.Comment: 17 pages, 14 figure
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Perennials but not slope aspect affect the diversity of soil bacterial communities in the northern Negev Desert, Israel
Underneath the canopy of perennials in arid regions, moderate soil temperature and evaporation, as well as plant litter create islands of higher fertility in the low-productivity landscape, known as ‘resource islands’. The sparse distribution of these resource islands is mirrored by soil microbial communities, which mediate a large number of biogeochemical transformations underneath the plants. We explored the link between the bacterial community composition and two prevalent desert shrubs, Zygophyllum dumosum and Artemisia herba-alba, on northern- and southern-facing slopes in the northern highlands of the Negev Desert (Israel), at the end of a drought winter mild rainy season. We sequenced the bacterial community and analysed the physicochemical properties of the soil under the shrub canopies and from barren soil in replicate slopes. The soil bacterial diversity was independent of slope aspect, but differed according to shrub presence or type. Links between soil bacterial community composition and their associated desert shrubs were found, enabling us to link bacterial diversity with shrub type or barren soils. Our results suggest that plants and their associated bacterial communities are connected to survival and persistence under the harsh desert conditions
Combination of the PI3K inhibitor Idelalisib with the conventional cytostatics cytarabine and dexamethasone leads to changes in pathway activation that induce anti-proliferative effects in B lymphoblastic leukaemia cell lines
Background!#!The introduction of combined conventional cytostatics and pathway-specific inhibitors has opened new treatment options for several cancer types including hematologic neoplasia such as leukaemias. As the detailed understanding of the combination-induced molecular effects is often lacking, the identification of combination-induced molecular mechanisms bears significant value for the further development of interventional approaches.!##!Methods!#!Combined application of conventional cytostatic agents (cytarabine and dexamethasone) with the PI3K-inhibitor Idelalisib was analysed on cell-biologic parameters in two acute pro-B lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) cell lines. In particular, for comparative characterisation of the molecular signatures induced by the combined and mono application, whole transcriptome sequencing was performed. Emphasis was placed on pathways and genes exclusively regulated by drug combinations.!##!Results!#!Idelalisib + cytostatics combinations changed pathway activation for, e.g., 'Retinoblastoma in cancer', 'TGF-b signalling', 'Cell cycle' and 'DNA-damage response' to a greater extent than the two cytostatics alone. Analyses of the top-20 regulated genes revealed that both combinations induce characteristic gene expression changes.!##!Conclusion!#!A specific set of genes was exclusively deregulated by the drug combinations, matching the combination-specific anti-proliferative cell-biologic effects. The addition of Idelalisib suggests minor synergistic effects which are rather to be classified as additive
House Prices and Economic Growth
Economic growth, House prices, Wealth effect, Collateral effect, Common correlated effects estimators, Long horizon predictability, E23, E24, R11,