A importância da associação obesidade e gravidez

Characteristics of the evolution of pregnancy in obese women were studied for their effect on newborn infants. Two control groups were observed - one of normal weight pregnant women, one of obese. The variables selected were: the socio-economic status of the family and the mother's age, height, arm circunference, prepregancy weight, total number of pregnancies, parity, weight gain during pregnancy, obstetric complications, birth weight, and fetal vitality. Results showed that pregnancy in obese women differs from that in normal weight women and that they show a larger incidence of obstetric complications. Children of obese mothers had a higher mortality rate principally in the perinatal period; moreover, there was also a higher rate of prematurity and a higher proportion of overweight babies among obese mothers. As a result, the distribution of the curve of the birth weight of infants of obese morthers was higher than that of infants of normal weight mothers. The conclusion reached was that whenever a pregnant obese woman reduced foot intake, with resultant insufficient weight gain, intrauterine growth was affected. Thus, it follows that pregnancy is not the best time for the obese mother to lose weight; for this reason, it is important that she receive adequate guidance in regard to diet. Obesity, therefore, is a factor contributing to high-risk pregnancy which can affect both mother and child.Foram estudados dois grupos de gestantes, sendo um de grávidas normais e outro de obesas, com a finalidade de reconhecer algumas características da evolução da gravidez, em mulheres obesas, e suas repercussões sobre o concepto. Foram relacionadas as seguintes variáveis: status sócio-econômico familiar, idade, altura, perímetro braquial, peso habitual, número de gestações anteriores, paridade materna, ganho de peso durante a gestação, idade gestacional, intercorrências durante a gestação, peso ao nascer e vitalidade do recém-nascido. Pelos resultados concluiu-se que as gestantes obesas são diferentes das normais e apresentam maior incidência de complicações obstétricas. Os recém-nascidos, filhos de obesas, registraram índice maior de mortalidade, principalmente no período perinatal. Houve maior incidência de prematuridade e de fetos macrossômicos, sendo a curva de distribuição de peso ao nascer diferente da dos recém-nascidos das gestantes normais. A média de peso ao nascer das crianças das gestantes obesas é maior que o das normais. Concluiu-se ainda que toda vez que a gestante obesa sofre restrição alimentar, com ganho de peso inadequado, o crescimento intra-uterino é afetado; não sendo, portanto, a época da gravidez a melhor para a obesa perder peso, mas, ao contrário, ela deveria receber uma orientação alimentar adequada. A obesidade é pois um fator de aumento do risco gravídico, que pode afetar tanto a mãe como o concepto

P2p Over Manets: Application And Network Layers' Routing Assessment

Both Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks are decentralized self-organizing networks with a dynamic topology, used to route queries in a distributed environment. However, whilst MANETs are composed of resource-constrained devices susceptible to faults, P2P networks are popular for their resilience and fault-tolerance. This makes P2P networks the ideal data sharing system for MANETs. This chapter focuses on the integration of these networks. More specifically, the authors evaluate routing strategies of both the network layer and the application layer. Their results indicate that the performance of the protocols depends greatly on the environment and point out the need for new approaches. © 2009, IGI Global.94116Barrett, C.L., Eidenbenz, S.J., Kroc, L., Marathe, M., Smith, J.P., Parametric probabilistic sensor network routing (2003) Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Conference On Wireless Sensor Networks and ApplicationsBorg, J., (2003) A Comparative Study of Ad Hoc & Peer to Peer Networks, , Unpublished master's thesis, University College London, UKBoukerche, A., Zarrad, A., Araújo, R., Smart gnutella overlay formation for collaborative virtual environments over mobile ad-hoc networks (2006) Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium On Distributed Simulation and RealTime Applications (DS-RT)Broch, J., Maltz, D.A., Johnson, D.B., Hu, Y.-C., Jetcheva, J., A performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols (1998) Proceedings of the 4th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference On Mobile Computing and NetworkingCano, J.-C., Manzoni, P., A performance comparison of energy consumption for mobile ad hoc network routing protocols (2000) Proceedings of the 8 th International Symposium On Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS)(2004) The CMU Monarch Projects On Wireless and Mobility Extension to Ns, , CMU Projectda Hora, D.N., Macedo, D.F., Nogueira, J.M.S., Pujolle, G., Optimizing peer-to-peer content discovery over wireless mobile ad hoc networks (2007) Proceedings of the 9 th IFIP/IEEE International Conference On Mobile and Wireless Communications Networks (MWCN)de Couto, D.S.J., Aguayo, D., Bicket, J., Morris, R., A high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing (2003) Proceedings of the 9th Annual International Conference On Mobile Computing and Networking (MOBICOM)Ding, G., Bhargava, B., Peer-to-peer file-sharing over mobile ad hoc networks (2004) Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Annual Conference On Pervasive Computing and Communications WorkshopsFall, K., Varadhan, K., (2001) Network Simulator Notes and Documentation, , The VINT ProjectFranciscani, F.P., Vasconcelos, M.A., Couto, R.P., Loureiro, A.A.F., Reconfiguration algorithms for peer-to-peer over ad hoc networks (2005) Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 65 (2), pp. 234-245Gaertner, G., Cahill, V., Understanding link quality in 802.11 mobile ad hoc networks (2004) IEEE Internet Computing, 8 (1), pp. 55-60Gkantsidis, C., Mihail, M., Saberi, A., Random walks in peer-to-peer networks (2004) Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference On Computer Communications (INFOCOM)Hu, Y.C., Das, S.M., Pucha, H., Exploiting the synergy between peer-to-peer and mobile ad hoc networks (2003) Proceedings of the 9th Workshop On Hot Topics In Operating SystemsJohnson, D.B., Maltz, D.A., Dynamic source routing in ad hoc wireless networks (2001) Ad Hoc Networking, , In C. 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Perkins (Ed.), USA: Addison-WesleyKlemm, A., Lindemann, C., Waldhorst, O.P., A special-purpose peer-to-peer file sharing system for mobile ad hoc networks (2003) Proceedings of the IEEE Semi-Annual Vehicular Technology ConferenceKortuem, G., Proem: A middleware platform for mobile peer-to-peer computing (2002) SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communication Review, Special Feature On Middleware For Mobile Computing, 6 (4), pp. 62-64Kortuem, G., Schneider, J., Preuitt, D., Thompson, T.G.C., Fickas, S., Segall, Z., When peer-to-peer comes face-to-face: Collaborative peer-to-peer computing in mobile ad hoc networks (2001) Proceedings of the IEEE 1st International Conference On Peer-to-Peer Computing (P2P)Lee, U., Park, J.-S., Yeh, J., Pau, G., Gerla, M., Code torrent: Content distribution using network coding in VANET (2006) Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop On Decentralized Resource Sharing In Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiShare)Li, X., Wu, J., Searching techniques in peer-to-peer networks (2005) Handbook On Theoretical and Algorithmic Aspects of Sensor, Ad Hoc Wireless, and Peer-to-peer Networks, , In J. Wu (Ed.), Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC PressLv, Q., Cao, P., Cohen, E., Li, K., Shenker, S., Search and replication in unstructured peer-to-peer networks (2002) Proceedings of the 16 th International Conference On SupercomputingMecella, M., Angelaccio, M., Krek, A., Catarci, T., Buttarazzi, B., Dustdar, S., Workpad: An adaptive peer-to-peer software infrastructure for supporting collaborative work of human operators in emergency/disaster scenarios (2006) Proceedings of the International Symposium On Collaborative Technologies and SystemsMilgram, S., The small-world problem (1967) Psychology Today, 1 (1), pp. 60-67Oliveira, L.B., Siqueira, I.G., Loureiro, A.A.F., Evaluation of ad hoc routing protocols under a peer-to-peer application (2003) Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)Oliveira, L.B., Siqueira, I.G., Loureiro, A.A.F., On the performance of ad hoc routing protocols under a peer-to-peer application (2005) Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing (JPDC): Special Issue On the Design and Performance of Networks For Super-, Cluster-, and Grid-computing, 65 (11), pp. 1337-1347Oliveira, L.B., Siqueira, I.G., Macedo, D.F., Loureiro, A.A.F., Wong, H.C., Nogueira, J.M., Evaluation of peer-to-peer network content discovery techniques over mobile ad hoc networks (2005) Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium On a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia NetworksOram, A., (2001) Peer-to-peer: Harnessing the Power of Disruptive Technologies, , (first ed.). O'ReillyPapadopouli, M., Schulzrinne, H., Effects of power conservation, wireless coverage and cooperation on data dissemination among mobile devices (2001) Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Symposium On Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and ComputingPapadopouli, M., Schulzrinne, H., A performance analysis of 7ds a peer-to-peer data dissemination and prefetching tool for mobile users (2001) Proceedings of the Advances In Wired and Wireless Communications, IEEE Sarnoff SymposiumPerkins, C.E., Bhagwat, P., Highly dynamic destination-sequenced distance-vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers (1994) Proceedings of the ACM Conference On Communications Architectures, Protocols and Applications, , London, UKPerkins, C.E., Royer, E.M., Ad hoc ondemand distance vector routing (1999) Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Workshop On Mobile Computing System and ApplicationsRowstron, A., Druschel, P., Pastry: Scalable, distributed object location and routing for large-scale peer-to-peer systems (2001) Proceedings of the IFIP/ACM International Conference On Distributed Systems Platforms (Middleware)Schollmeier, R., Gruber, I., Finkenzeller, M., Routing in peer-to-peer and mobile ad hoc networks: A comparison (2002) Proceedings of International Workshop On Peer-to-Peer ComputingSeet, B.-C., Lau, C.-T., Hsu, W.-J., Lee, B.-S., A mobile system of super-peers using city buses (2005) Proceedings of the PerCom WorkshopsServetto, S.D., Barrenechea, G., Constrained random walks on random graphs: Routing algorithms for large scale wireless sensor networks (2002) Proceedings of 1st ACM International Workshop On Wireless Sensor Networks and ApplicationsStoica, I., Morris, R., Liben-Nowell, D., Karger, D.R., Kaashoek, M.F., Dabek, F., Balakrishnan, H., Chord: A scalable peer-to-peer lookup protocol for internet applications (2003) IEEE/ACM Transactions On Networking, 11 (1), pp. 17-32Talia, D., Trunfio, P., Toward a synergy between P2P and grids (2003) IEEE Internet Computing, 7 (4), pp. 94-95Watts, D., Strogatz, S., Collective dynamics of small-world' networks (1998) Nature, 393 (6), pp. 440-442Zhou, L., Haas, Z.J., Securing ad hoc networks (1999) IEEE Network, Special Issue On Network Security, 13 (6), pp. 24-3

Detecção molecular e isolamento de Mycoplasma spp. em psitacídeos no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

Objetivou-se com este estudo investigar a ocorrência de Mycoplasma spp., Mycoplasma galissepticum (MG) e Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) em psitacídeos de cativeiro localizado no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Foram estudadas 85 aves provenientes do Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos, localizado no estado do Pernambuco, Brasil. De cada psitacídeo analisado foram obtidas três amostras por meio de swabs da cloaca, palato e conjuntiva totalizando 255 amostras. As amostras coletadas foram submetidas à extração de DNA e à reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), sendo as positivas submetidas ao isolamento em ágar Frey. O DNA de Mycoplasma spp. foi detectado em 16,47% (14/85) dos psitacídeos estudados. Das 255 amostras analisadas, 6,66% (17/255) foram positivas para a presença de Mycoplasma spp., sendo 41,18% (7/17) provenientes da conjuntiva, 35,29% (6/17) do palato e 23,53% (4/17) da cloaca. Nenhuma amostra foi positiva para MG ou MS na PCR. Os resultados obtidos permitem confirmar a presença do DNA de Mycoplasma spp. em conjuntiva, palato e cloaca nas aves estudadas. Foram detectadas colônias semelhantes a membros da classe Mollicutes em 17,64% das amostras (3/17). Esse é o primeiro relato da presença de Mycoplasma spp. em psitacídeos de cativeiro no Nordeste do Brasil

Modo de morar e modo de cuidar: uma proposta de tipologia

A partir do acompanhamento de crianças de 0-12 meses em visitas domiciliares, propõe-se um esquema de análise no qual os conceitos de apego e autonomia, relativos à relação mãe-criança, são associados aos conceitos de “lugar” e “espaço”, relativos à organização do ambiente doméstico, compreendidos como expressão de um “sistema de desenvolvimento” que inclui a organização psicológica da díade mãe-criança e as crenças e condições de vida concretas nas quais o desenvolvimento ocorre. Sugere-se uma tipologia - rígido; flexível; simbiótico; instável - associando o modo de morar ao modo de cuidar