Microbial content recovered from diabetic foot infections: a cross-sectional study in Brazil / Conteúdo microbiano recuperado em infecções de pé diabético: um estudo transversal no Brasil

In Brazil, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is 11.9 million cases. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) increase morbidity and cause hospital admissions among DM patients. In an attempt to better understand DFU, this cross-sectional study investigated microbial content and their susceptibility to antimicrobials. Secretion from foot ulcers of 30 diabetic patients were obtained in three Brazilian hospitals and submitted to microbiological evaluation. All recovered strains were identified and submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Genetic diversity was investigated by PCR coupled with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). DFU exhibited a polymicrobial profile composed of 72.5% aerobic and 22.3% anaerobic bacteria, and 2.5% fungi species. A total of 91 microorganisms were isolated, and the number of recovered species per patient ranged from 1-9. Peptostreptococcus spp. was the most frequently recovered obligate anaerobic Genus and was resistant mostly to penicillin and clindamycin. A total of 37.5% S. aureus strains were methicillin resistant. E. coli were the most susceptible Gram-negative species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most resistant. The present study demonstrated that almost 34% of microbial species observed on DGGE gels were not cultivable. The recovery of multidrug resistant microorganisms pointed out to the need for more attention when prescribing an empirical therapy and emphasized the relevance of this study

2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research

BOTANICAL IDENTIFICATION AND GENETIC DIVERSITY IN MELONS FROM FAMILY FARMING IN THE STATE OF MARANHÃO

The aim of this work was to perform botanical identification and to estimate genetic diversity in two sequential inbred generations (progenies S1 and S2) of melon accessions from traditional agriculture in the state of Maranhão, in order to generate useful information for commercial melon breeding. Two field experiments were carried out in a completely randomized block, using four replicates of 15 accessions from a first selfing cycle in 2013, and three replicates of 25 subaccessions (generation S2) in 2014. Flower and fruit descriptors were measured to obtain quantitative and qualitative data, in addition to a systematized photographic documentation of fruit for visually comparing the progenies S1 and S2. Distance matrices for quantitative and qualitative data were obtained and used to perform a joint analysis and UPGMA method. Large genetic diversity was found in the accessions analysed, since the presence of melon progenies was observed in the Cucumis melo ssp. agrestis, with its botanical varieties momordica and conomom, and of the Cucumis melo ssp. melo, with the botanical varieties cantalupensis and chandalak. Divergence analysis showed the formation of three groups in generation S1 and four groups in S2. However, the groups were not separated either by subspecies or by botanical variety. Thus, in addition to the large genetic diversity among and within melon accessions from family farming in the state of Maranhão, the progenies presented a large introgression of traits of the different subspecies and their botanical varieties due to the reproductive system and seed management of these species

Rastreamento cognitivo de idosos institucionalizados em instituições de longa permanência para idosos

DOI: não consta, por isso foi disponibilizado o link de acesso.O estudo objetivou caracterizar o estado mental dos idosos institucionalizadosresidentes na instituição de longa permanência para idosos São Vicente de Paulo deUbá/MG, e verificar se existe correlação entre as variáveis idade e nível educacional.Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se o Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM). Paraanálise dos dados utilizou-se o método estatístico descritivo simples e a correlação dePearson. Os resultados indicaram que não houve correlação entre a variável idade e apontuação do MEEM, mas da variável nível educacional. O baixo nível educacional e olongo tempo de residência em ILPIs são fatores que tendem a favorecer odesenvolvimento de doenças que acometem o estado mental do idoso. Novasinvestigações sobre as alterações cognitivas dos idosos institucionalizados na referidadevem ser realizados, pois o MEEM é um instrumento de detecção de perdas cognitivas,sendo necessária uma avaliação neuropsicológica mais detalhada para o diagnóstico dedemência.This study aimed to characterize the mental state of elderly residents NHs St. Vincent de Paul City Uba / MG and to verify if there is a correlation between the variables age and educational level. The sample was selected based on the Mini Mental State Examination - MMSE. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Correlation. The results indicated that there was not a correlation between age and the MMSE punctuation, but with the variable educational level. The low educational level and the long-term staying in NHs are important factors that may imply in the mental state of the elderly population. New investigations regarding cognitive alteration in the elderly should be developed once the MMSE is a instrument that detect cognitive looses. Therefore, it is necessary in-depth neuropsicological avaliation to the demency diagnostic

Qualidade de vida de idosos residentes em uma instituição de longa permanência

DOI: não consta, por isso foi disponibilizado o link de acesso.O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade de vida (QV) dos idosos residentes na instituição de longa permanência para idosos São Vicente de Paulo de Ubá, MG, e verificar os possíveis fatores intervenientes. Como forma de coleta de dados, foram utilizados o questionário sociodemográfico e o instrumento WHOQOL-Bref. As informações sociodemográficas foram analisadas por meio da análise univariada, e os dados referentes ao instrumento WHOQOL-Bref, da análise univariada, do teste t de Student, do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. A população avaliada foi composta por 20 idosos com idades entre 62 e 87 anos, sendo 14 do sexo masculino e 6 do sexo feminino. De acordo com os resultados, os idosos não apresentavam baixa QV e os fatores que interferiram na QV foram capacidade física, autonomia, ambiente físico e intimidade. Faz-se importante investir em ações que objetivem melhorar a QV do idoso institucionalizado, considerando as diferenças no modo de vida, a personalidade, a privacidade, os hábitos, a autonomia, o espaço e, identificar os fatores que os idosos realmente valorizam. Assim, as Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPIs) poderão possibilitar que os seus residentes mantenham um cotidiano de respeito, dignidade e qualidade de vida.This study aimed to analyze the quality of life (QV) of elderly living in NHs St. Vincent de Paul City Uba/MG, and to verify the possible intervenient factors that may influence their QV. The data were gathered using a sociodemographic questionnaire and the WHOQOL-Bref assessment. The data were analyzed through univariate analyses, test t – Student, and Pearson Correlation. The population comprised 20 elder people, aging from 62 to 87 years old, being 14 male and 6 female. The results showed that the elderly did not present low quality of life, and the intervenient factors that influence in their QV were physical capability, autonomy, physical environment and intimacy. It is important to invest in actions that improve the quality of life of institutionalized people, considering the differences in the way of life, personality, privacy, autonomy, and space, as well as, to identify the factors that are important to the elderly

Malignant Neoplastic Wounds: Clinical Management Performed by Nurses

Abstract Objective: Investigate the clinical management of patients with neoplastic wounds by nurses. Methods: This is an exploratory study, with qualitative approach, conducted in August 2014, with ten clinical nurses of a philanthropic hospital that provides care to patients with advanced cancer. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and data analysis was performed using the Minayo’s Thematic Analysis Technique, which enabled the construction of one category and four subcategories. Results: The nurses’ knowledge on the clinical management of wounds is weak and has many weaknesses involving patients with advanced cancer. Conclusion: One evidenced the need to invest in continuing education and implementation of protocols that support greater autonomy of nurses in decision-making, ensuring legal support to these professionals to improve care for people with neoplastic wounds. Key words: Skin Ulcer; Wounds and Injuries; Oncology Nursing; Nursing Care

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data