Tourism And Urbanization: Environmental Problem Of The Araruai Lagoon, State Of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

The Araruama Lagoon (Rio de Janeiro) is known for its scenic beauty and natural resources, factors that have led to the economic expansion of the region. In recent decades, tourism and property speculation have been key to the urban development of the municipalities surrounding this Lagoon. Using secondary data and a theoretical framework based on Political Ecology and Critical Environmental Education, this article seeks to analyze the correlations between the development processes of the towns surrounding the Lagoon and the impact of these processes on the environmental quality of its ecosystem. In recent years, the evolution of parameters studied revealed that the imbalance in terms of the sustainable development of the region has damaged the health of this body of water. Large quantities of fresh water, as well as domestic and industrial effluents discharged without appropriate treatment in the Lagoon, have overloaded the ecological system, with negative effects for the entire economy in the surrounding area.194598

Selenium uptake and associated anti-oxidant properties in Pleurotus fossulatus cultivated on wheat straw from seleniferous fields

The present study was carried out to examine the antioxidant activity in oyster mushroom cultivated on selenium (Se) rich substrate. Pleurotus fossulatus was cultivated on Se-rich wheat straw collected from the seleniferous belt of Punjab (India) and its potential to accumulate Se from substrate was examined. Using different assay systems the modulations in the anti-oxidant profile of Se enriched mushroom was studied in comparison to the mushrooms cultivated on normal straw. The oyster mushrooms were observed to potentially mobilize Se from Se-rich substrates to fruiting bodies, resulting in significantly high uptake (37.2±0.6 μg g−1) as compared to control (3.57±0.53 mg g−1). The antioxidant activity, as determined by various assays, such as reducing power, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging, and metal chelating activity, was higher in the experimental mushrooms when compared to control. The results obtained demonstrate that Se-fortified mushrooms through cultivation on straw containing organic forms of Se can be considered as natural and effective dietary supplements of organic Se for humans. The present study proposes the use of Se-rich agricultural residues as substrates for mushroom cultivation for human and livestock supplementation

Consumo, desempenho e parâmetros econômicos de novilhos Nelore e F1 Brangus x Nelore terminados em pastagens, suplementados com mistura mineral e sal nitrogenado com uréia ou amiréia Feed intake, performance and profitability of Nellore and crossbred (Brangus x Nellore) steers finished in pastures, supplemented with mineralized salt and nitrogenous salt with urea or starea

Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação protéica (40% PB) com amiréia ou uréia sobre o consumo de suplemento, desempenho e características econômicas de novilhos terminados em pastagens. Foram utilizados 120 novilhos com 19 meses de idade e 358kg, sendo 60 Nelore e 60 F1 Brangus x Nelore, divididos em três tratamentos com 20 animais, alojados em piquetes de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu de 10 hectares cada, totalizando 120 hectares, sendo dois piquetes por grupo genético e tratamento, pastejados alternadamente a cada pesagem (42 dias). Os tratamentos consistiram em mistura mineral com amiréia-150S (AM), mistura mineral com uréia+milho+enxofre (UR) e mistura mineral (MM). As médias de consumo de suplemento dos animais F1 foram de 206,1; 145,9 e 73,1g/dia, e as dos animais Nelore, 236,0; 205,1 e 94,3g/dia para os tratamentos AM, UR e MM, respectivamente. Para os novilhos Nelore, houve efeito (P<0,05) do suplemento sobre o peso de abate (PA), sendo a média do tratamento UR, 518,85kg, mais alta que a dos demais, 491,89 e 485,20kg, respectivamente, para AM e MM. Para os novilhos F1, foi significativo o efeito da suplementação protéica (P<0,05), com médias de 515,90 e 520,15kg, respectivamente, para os tratamentos UR e AM. A suplementação protéica proporcionou bom desempenho em animais F1 durante períodos de abundância de forragem. O uso de uréia apresentou melhor viabilidade econômica.<br>The effects of protein supplementation of finishing grazing steers by feeding nitrogenous salts (40% CP, urea or starea) or mineralized salt only on supplement intake, growing performance and profitability were evaluated. One hundred and twenty steers (60 Nellore and 60 Brangus x Nellore, 19-month old, 358kg BW) were divided in 12 equal groups which were allotted to one of 12 Brachiaria brizantha pastures (10-ha each) performing two pastures for each breeding group and nutritional treatment. Groups were allowed to graze each pasture for 42 days when they were randomly moved into a new one. Nutritional treatments were as follow: MS - mineralized salt only; ST -mineralized salt plus starea - 150S; and UR - mineralized salt plus urea, corn and sulphur. UR supplement was prepared mixing the same ingredient contents of ST. Crossbred steers consumed 206.1; 145.9 and 73.1g/day whereas Nellore steers consumed 236.0; 205.11 and 94.29g/day of ST, UR and MS; respectively. For Nellore steers, UR increased slaughter weight (518.8kg) compared to ST and MS (491.9 and 485.2kg, respectively). Protein supplementation also increased slaughter weight for crossbred steers (P<0.05) in comparison to animals fed mineralized salt as sole supplementation (515.9 and 520.2kg for the UR and ST, respectively). Protein supplementation enhances growing performance of crossbred steers during periods of forage abundance. Urea supplementation yields a higher profitability in grazing systems for cattle finishing

Seleção de clones de ameixeira para o sul do estado de Minas Gerais Selection of clones of plums for the south of the state of Minas Gerais

Um dos sérios problemas enfrentados pelos fruticultores é o reduzido número de cultivares disponíveis regionalmente. Nesse aspecto, a produção de novos materiais genéticos é uma alternativa viável e necessária para minimizar este entrave. O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar diferentes clones de ameixeira visando à obtenção de plantas com alta produtividade e frutos de boa qualidade, com maturação escalonada e adaptados às condições climáticas do sul de Minas Gerais. Foram selecionadas plantas de um antigo pomar comercial, localizado no Município de Wenceslau Braz - MG. Estas plantas estavam vegetando e produzindo em condições totalmente adversas, sem quaisquer tratos culturais. Após identificação, foram coletados dados fenológicos de coloração da flor, épocas de brotação e floração. Nos frutos, foram avaliados: época de maturação (início e fim), tamanho, forma, descrição da película, descrição da polpa, ocorrência de pragas e doenças. Após um período de avaliação de dois ciclos produtivos (1996-1997 e 1997-1998), foram selecionados clones com características favoráveis, principalmente com relação às épocas de floração e maturação dos frutos e adaptação ambiental. A maturação mais precoce ocorreu na seleção VI, enquanto a colheita se prolongou mais nas seleções I, VII, VIII e XI.<br>One of the serious problems faced by fruit growers is the low quantity of available cultivars regionally. The production of new genetic materials is a feasible and necessary alternative to minimize this obstacle. This work aimed to select different genetic materials of plums in order to obtain high productivity plants and high quality fruits, with assigned maturation and adapted to the climatic conditions for the Southern region of the state of Minas Gerais. Plants of an old orchard were selected, located in the district of Wenceslau Braz, Minas Gerais State, which were vegetating and producing in adverse agronomic conditions, without any cultural practices. The following phenological data were collected: flower color; sprouting and blooming. From fruits were evaluated: maturation (beginning and end), size, form, and skin and pulp description. After two productive cycles of evaluation (1996/1997 and 1997/1998) clones with desirable characteristics were identified, related to blooming, fruit maturation and environmental improvement. The precocious maturation occurred in the selection VI, while the longest harvest were selections I, VII, VIII and XI

Determination of antioxidant properties of lyophilized olive leaf water extracts obtained from 21 different cultivars

The objective of this study was to compare the antioxidant activities of lyophilized olive leaf water extracts (OLWExtracts) from 21 different olive tree cultivars. The highest total phenolic content (102.69 +/- 1.63 mu g GAE/mg extract) was found in cultivar 'Esek Zeytini' and the lowest content (78.52 +/- 2.18 mu g GAE/mg extract) was in 'Uslu'. The highest total flavonoid content (12.47 +/- 0.12 mu g QE/mg extract) obtained from 'Frantoio'. According to EC50 values, 'Domat' have the highest DPPH scavenging activity (EC50 =59 mu g/mL), reducing power (EC50 =180 mu g/mL), and superoxide radical scavenging capacity (EC50=44 mu g/mL). While, 'Ascolana' showed the highest metal chelating capacity (EC50=163 mu g/mL), 'Memecik' showed the highest hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging capacity. Research results exhibited that OLWExtracts are comparable to synthetic antioxidants. The correlation study showed that while total phenolic content correlated with DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power (p < 0.01), total flavonoid content correlated with metal chelating and superoxide radical scavenging capacity (p < 0.05)