Perfil lipídico e atividade antimicrobiana de óleos microbianos de 16 leveduras oleaginosas isoladas de queijo artesanal

Microbial oil is becoming an alternative to the increasing cost of vegetable oils, and it can be used for many applications, as biodiesel production and food supplementation. In particular, oleaginous yeasts, being unicellular, devoid of endotoxins, and suitable for large-scale fermentation, are particularly attractive for biotechnological approaches. This work aimed to identify, by molecular analyses, sixteen yeast strains as well as analyze the lipid profile and potential antimicrobial activity of the oil produced by them. All strains were identified as Yarrowia lipolytica, a promising single-cell-oil producer. No antimicrobial activity was found for the oil analyzed, although the lipid profile showed interesting results. The major fatty acids identified were oleic (18:1n9) and linoleic (18:2n6c) and the minor fatty acids were palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), heptadecanoic (C17:1), estearic (C18:0) and α-linolenic (C18:3n3). This last omega-3 fatty acid was identified on two strains (QU22 and QU137), enabling the oil produced by them to be used for dietary applications. Moreover, the oil of the other oleaginous yeasts analyzed in this study appears to be suitable for biodiesel production, since their lipid profiles are similar to the vegetable oils, widely used for that end.O uso de óleo microbiano está se tornando uma alternativa ao aumento do custo de óleos vegetais, e podendo ser utilizado para várias aplicações, como a produção de biodiesel e a suplementação de alimentos. Em particular, as leveduras oleaginosas, sendo unicelulares, desprovidas de endotoxinas e adequadas para a fermentação em grande escala, são particularmente atrativas para abordagens biotecnológicas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar, por meio de técnicas moleculares, dezesseis cepas de leveduras e analisar o perfil lipídico e a potencial atividade antimicrobiana do óleo produzido por elas. Todas as cepas foram identificadas como Yarrowia lipolytica, uma promissora produtora de óleo microbiano. Nenhuma atividade antimicrobiana foi encontrada para o óleo analisado, porém, o perfil lipídico dos óleos apresentaram resultados interessantes. Os principais ácidos graxos identificados foram oléico (18:1n9) e linoléico (18:2n6c) e os ácidos graxos em menor quantidade foram o palmítico (C16:0), palmitoléico (C16:1), heptadecanóico (C17:1), esteárico (C18:0) e α -linolênico (C18:3n3). Este último ácido graxo ômega-3 foi identificado em duas cepas (QU22 e QU137), o que pode permitir que o óleo produzido por estas cepas seja utilizado em aplicações alimentares. Além disso, o óleo das demais leveduras oleaginosas analisadas neste estudo parece ser adequado para a produção de biodiesel, uma vez que o seu perfil lipídico é semelhante ao dos óleos vegetais, largamente utilizados para este fim

Desafios da Sociologia da Infância: uma área emergente Challenges of the Sociology of Infancy: an emergent area

Este ensaio teórico discute os desafios da Sociologia da Infância na contemporaneidade como uma área emergente para se pensar a prática docente com crianças. Para tanto, aborda as mudanças que ocorreram ao longo do tempo. Em cada momento histórico e social há influências contextuais das produções sobre a temática, portanto, tais mudanças são absorvidas de modos diversos, dependendo de cada um desses períodos. Neste sentido, é necessário um olhar atento para a heterogeneidade das experiências sociais e das expressões culturais que introduzem novas lógicas de ação no cerne das transformações em curso nas sociedades contemporâneas, especialmente em relação à infância. A partir de dados recentes de duas pesquisas sobre formação de professoras da educação infantil, refletimos sobre um novo olhar que aborde as crianças também como atores sociais e as especificidades da docência de zero a seis anos.<br>This essay discusses the theoretical challenges of the contemporary sociology of childhood as an emerging field to think about the practice of teaching children. To do so, it addresses the changes that have occurred over time. In each historical and social moment there are contextual influences of production on the subject, so these changes are absorbed in different ways, depending on each of these periods. In this sense, we need a watchful eye to the heterogeneity of social experiences and cultural expressions that introduce new logic of action at the heart of the ongoing transformations in contemporary societies, especially in relation to childhood. From recent data from two surveys on the training of kindergarten teachers, we reflect on a new look to raise children also as social actors, and the specificities of teaching children from zero to six years old

Acromioclavicular dislocation: postoperative evaluation of the coracoclavicular ligaments using magnetic resonance

OBJECTIVE: To radiologically evaluate the healing of the coracoclavicular ligaments after surgical treatment for acromioclavicular dislocation.METHODS: Ten patients who had undergone surgical treatment for acromioclavicular dislocation via a posterosuperior route at least one year earlier were invited to return for radiological assessment using magnetic resonance. This evaluation was done by means of analogy with the scale described in the literature for studying the healing of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee and for measuring the healed coracoclavicular ligaments.RESULTS: A scar structure of fibrous appearance had formed in 100% of the cases. In 50% of the cases, the images of this structure had a good appearance, while the other 50% were deficient.CONCLUSION: Late postoperative evaluation using magnetic resonance, on patients who had been treated for acute acromioclavicular dislocation using a posterosuperior route in the shoulder, showed that the coracoclavicular ligaments had healed in 100% of the cases, but that this healing was deficient in 50%

Production of nanocomposite films functionalized with silver nanoparticles bioreduced with rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oil

This study produced nanocomposite films with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) bioreduced with rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oil. The nanocomposites were produced by the casting technique with gelatin/carboxymethyl cellulose/citric pectin and functionalized with 15, 30, and 50% (v/v) AgNPs. The results demonstrate that the rosemary essential oil presented various bioactive compounds, and the major compounds were α-pinene, bornyl acetate, and 1,8-cineol. The AgNPs showed a particle size lower than 50 nm, zeta potential of −30 mV, and polydispersity index of 0.35. UV–vis spectroscopy, TEM, SEM, and XRD confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs with spherical shapes, diameters of 50 nm, and crystalline structures. The nanocomposite films containing AgNPs demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity against eight pathogenic microorganisms. The incorporation of AgNPs affected the opacity and improved the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. In conclusion, the eco-friendly nanocomposite produced can be a sustainable material for biological applications