Manejo da vaca seca.

O objetivo deste capítulo é descrever o manejo para vacas secas de acordo com o perfil das vacas encontradas na maior parte dos rebanhos amazônicos, ou seja, o manejo que mais se adequa a esse tipo de vaca e perfil de produtores.bitstream/item/217362/1/cpafro-18463.pd

Beta-lactamic resistance profiles in porphyromonas, prevotella, and parvimonas species isolated from acute endodontic infections

Susceptibility to beta-lactamic agents has changed among anaerobic isolates from acute endodontic infections. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of the cfxAlcfxA2 gene in Prevotella spp., Porphyromonas spp., and Parviomonas micra strains and show its phenotypic expression. Root canal samples from teeth with acute endodontic infections were collected and Porphyromonas, Prevotella, and Parvimonas micra strains were isolated and microbiologically identified with conventional culture techniques. The susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration of benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin, and amoxicillin + clavulanate using the E-test method (AB BIODISK, Solna, Sweden). The presence of the cfxAlcfxA2 gene was determined through primer-specific polymerase chain reaction. The nitrocefin test was used to determine the expression of the lactamase enzyme. Prevotella disiens, Prevotella oralis, Porphyromonas gin givalis, and P micra strains were susceptible to benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin, and amoxicillin + clavulanate. The cfxA/cfxA2 gene was detected in 2 of 29 isolates (6.9%). Simultaneous detection of the cfxAlcfxA2 gene and lactamase production was observed for 1 Prevotella buccalis strain. The gene was in 1 P micra strain but was not expressed. Three strains were positive for lactamase production, but the cfxAlcfxA2 gene was not detected through polymerase chain reaction. There is a low prevalence of the cfxAl cfxA2 gene and its expression in Porphyromonas spp., Prevotella spp., and P. micra strains isolated from acute endodontic infections. Genetic and phenotypic screening must be performed simultaneously to best describe additional mechanisms involved in lactamic resistance for strict anaerobes403339344FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL - FAPERGSFederal University of Rio Grande do Su

Prognostic factor from MR spectroscopy in rat with astrocytic tumour during radiation therapy

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the tumour volume and metabolic rates of astrocytic tumours using MR spectroscopy (MRS) during radiation therapy (RT). Methods: 12 healthy male Sprague-Dawley® rats (Sprague–Dawley Animal Company, Madison, WI) were used, and a tumour model was created through injecting C6 tumour cells into the right caudate nuclei of the rats. Tumours grew for 18 days after the injection and before the imaging study and radiation treatment. MRS was performed with two-dimensional multivoxel point-resolved spectroscopy sequence using a GE Signa VH/i 3.0-T MR scanner (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI) equipped with rat-special coil. RT was given on the 19th day with a dose of 4 Gy in one single fraction. The image examinations were performed before RT, and on the 4th, 10th, 14th and 20th days after treatment, respectively. GE FuncTool software package (GE Healthcare) was used for post-processing of spectrum. Results: Metabolic ratios of serial MRS decrease progressively with time after RT. Choline-containing components (Cho)/creatine and creatine phosphate (Cr) ratios immediately prior to RT differed significantly from those on the 10th, 14th and 20th days after RT; both Cho/N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) ratios and NAA/Cr ratios immediately prior to RT differed significantly from those on the 14th and 20th days after RT. A positive correlation between changes of tumour volume and changes of Cho/Cr, lipid and lactate/Cr and glutamate plus glutamine/Cr ratio was observed on the 4th day after RT. Conclusion: MRS provides potential in monitoring tumour response during RT, and the imaging biomarkers predict the response of astrocytic tumours to treatment. Advances in knowledge: MRS is combined with both tumour size and Ki-67 labelling index to access tumour response to radiation.ECU Open Access Publishing Support Fun

Composicao fisica da carcaca de bezerros da raca Holandesa alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes niveis de concentrado.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito dos diferentes niveis de concentrado nas dietas sobre a composicao fisica da carcaca. Trinta e dois bezerros da raca Holandesa, PC, variedade preto e branco, divididos em dois grupos de abate (grupo 1: 16 animais abatidos com 190 + ou - 10kg PV e grupo 2: 16 animais abatidos com 300 + ou - 10kg, com, em media, 75 dias de idade e 78 kg PV inicial, foram distribuidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repeticoes para ambos os grupos. Os animais foram alimentados a vontade com dietas contendo 45,0; 60,0; 75,0 e 90,0% de concentrado na base da racao (%MS), usando-se feno de capim coast-cross (Cynodon dactylon), fuba de milho e farelo de soja, os quais constituiram dietas com aproximadamente 16% PB. A cada periodo de 28 dias, os animais foram pesados e abatidos quando se aproximavam do peso de abate preestabelecido para os grupos 1 e 2. A proporcao de ossos na carcaca dos animais do grupo 1 nao foi influenciada, porem a de musculos diminuiu e a de gordura e as relacoes tecido adiposo: osseo e tecido adiposo: muscular aumentaram linearmente, em funcao dos niveis de concentrado nas racoes. O aumento do nivel de concentrado nas racoes influenciou somente a relacao tecido muscular: osseo na carcaca dos animais do grupo 2

Quantitative Observation of Magnetic Flux Distribution in New Magnetic Films for Future High Density Recording Media

International audienceOff-axis electron holography was used to observe and quantify the magnetic microstructure of a perpendicular magnetic anisotropic (PMA) recording media. Thin foils of PMA materials exhibit an interesting up and down domain configuration. These domains are found to be very stable and were observed at the same time with their stray field, closing magnetic flux in the vacuum. The magnetic moment can thus be determined locally in a volume as small as few tens of cubic nanometers

Composição corporal e exigências líquidas de energia e proteína de bezerros da raça Holandesa alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de volumoso.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de volumoso nas dietas, sobre a composição corporal, as exigências de energia líquida para mantença e ganho de peso e os requerimentos líquidos de proteína para ganho de peso. Cinquenta e dois bezerros da raça Holandesa, puros por cruzamento, não-castrados, com idade média de 60 dias e peso vivo (PV) inicial de 78 kg foram usados. Oito animais foram abatidos ao início do experimento, como referência. Outros oito animais foram alimentados com dietas na proporção de 90% de volumoso e 10% de concentrado para atender às exigências ligeiramente acima da mantença (grupo de mantença). Os 36 animais restantes foram distribuídos nos tratamentos, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em quatro grupos de nove animais, de acordo com o nível de volumoso nas dietas: 10, 25, 40 e 55%, na base da MS, usando-se feno de capim coast-cross (Cynodon dactylon), fubá de milho e farelo de soja, os quais constituíram dietas com aproximadamente 16% de PB.. Cinco animais de cada tratamento foram abatidos, quando atingiram 190 ± 10 kg PV e quatro, quando atingiram 300 ± 10 kg PV. A exigência de energia líquida (EL) para mantença foi estimada da equação de regressão do logaritmo da producão de calor e em relação ao consumo de energia metabolizável (CEM), assumindo CEM igual a zero. Equações de regressão foram ajustadas, para cada nível de volumoso e em conjunto, do logaritmo das quantidades corporais de gordura, proteína e energia, em função do logaritmo do peso corporal vazio (PCVZ). A exigência de energia líquida para mantença foi, em média, de 110,46 kcal/kg0,75. A quantidade de gordura e o conteúdo de energia no ganho de peso aumentaram, à medida que se elevou o PV do animal, para todos os níveis de volumoso e em conjunto. As exigências líquidas de energia e proteína para ganho de 1 kg de PCVZ, para um animal de 300 kg de peso vivo, foram 2,83 Mcal/dia e 183,20 g/dia, respectivamente. As exigências líquidas de energia e proteína para ganho de bezerros da raça Holandesa, em média, aumentaram com o aumento do peso corporal vazio

Composicao corporal e exigencias liquidas de energia e proteina de bezerros alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes niveis de volumoso.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos dos cincos niveis de volumoso sobre a composicao corporal, as exigencias de energia liquida para mantenca e ganho de peso e os requerimentos liquidos de proteina para ganho de peso. Foram usados quarenta e oito bezerros mesticos (Holandes x Zebu), machos, nao-castrados, com idade aproximada de 60 dias e peso vivo medio inicial de 60 kg. Oito animais foram abatidos ao inicio do experimento, para servirem de referencia; 32 foram alimentados a vontade com concentrado e feno de capim coast-cross (Cynodon dactylon) e distribuidos em quatro grupos de oito animais, de acordo com cada sistema de alimentacao, tratamentos (T), com os seguintes niveis de volumoso nas dietas na base da materia seca: T1 = 10, T2 =25; T3 = 40 e T4 = 55%; e oito animais receberam 90% de volumoso e 10% de concentrado (T5), para atender as exigencias ligeiramente acima da mantenca. Quatro animais de cada tratamento foram abatidos quando atingiram 180 + - 10 kg PV (grupo 2); os outros quatro, ao atingirem o peso 300 + - 10 kgPV (grupo 1); e os do grupo de mantenca, com pesos variados e idade media de abate dos grupos 1 e 2. As exigencias de energia liquida para mantenca foram determinadas em funcao do consumo de energia metabolizavel (EM), para o nivel zero de ingestao de EM. Equacoes de regressao do logaritimo dos conteudos corporais de gordura, energia e proteina foram ajustadas em funcao do logaritimo do peso corpo vazio (PCVZ). Valores de exigencias de energia liquida para mantenca de 71,76 e 8465 Kcal/kg0,75, respectivamente, forma obtidos para animais com 180 e 300 Kg. A quantidade de gordura e o conteudo de energia no peso ganho aumentaram, a medida que se elevou o peso vivo do animal, para todos os niveis de volumoso. A exigencia de energia liquida para mantenca, estimada para os dois grupos em conjunto, foi de 81,3 Kcal/Kg0,75PCVZ. Os valores obtidos foram, em media, 3,46 Mcal e 196g de energia liquida e proteina no kg de ganho de PCVZ, para animais de 300 kg de peso vivo

Mutations in TSC1, TSC2, and MTOR are associated with response to rapalogs in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma

Purpose: We examined the hypothesis that mutations in mTOR pathway genes are associated with response to rapalogs in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Experimental Design: We studied a cohort of mRCC patients who were treated with mTOR inhibitors with distinct clinical outcomes. Tumor DNA from 79 subjects was successfully analyzed for mutations using targeted next-generation sequencing of 560 cancer genes. Responders were defined as those with partial response (PR) by RECIST v1.0 or stable disease with any tumor shrinkage for 6 months or longer. Nonresponders were defined as those with disease progression during the first 3 months of therapy. Fisher exact test assessed the association between mutation status in mTOR pathway genes and treatment response. Results: Mutations in MTOR, TSC1, or TSC2 were more common in responders, 12 (28%) of 43, than nonresponders, 4 (11%) of 36 (P = 0.06). Mutations in TSC1 or TSC2 alone were also more common in responders, 9 (21%), than nonresponders, 2(6%), (P = 0.05). Furthermore, 5 (42%) of 12 subjects with PR had mutations in MTOR, TSC1, or TSC2 compared with 4 (11%) of 36 nonresponders (P = 0.03). Eight additional non-mTOR pathway genes were found to be mutated in at least 4 of 79 tumors (5%); none were associated positively with response. Conclusions: In this cohort of mRCC patients, mutations in MTOR, TSC1, or TSC2 were more common in patients who experienced clinical benefit from rapalogs than in those who progressed. However, a substantial fraction of responders (24 of 43, 56%) had no mTOR pathway mutation identified

Calibration of multi-layered probes with low/high magnetic moments

We present a comprehensive method for visualisation and quantification of the magnetic stray field of magnetic force microscopy (MFM) probes, applied to the particular case of custom-made multi-layered probes with controllable high/low magnetic moment states. The probes consist of two decoupled magnetic layers separated by a non-magnetic interlayer, which results in four stable magnetic states: ±ferromagnetic (FM) and ±antiferromagnetic (A-FM). Direct visualisation of the stray field surrounding the probe apex using electron holography convincingly demonstrates a striking difference in the spatial distribution and strength of the magnetic flux in FM and A-FM states. In situ MFM studies of reference samples are used to determine the probe switching fields and spatial resolution. Furthermore, quantitative values of the probe magnetic moments are obtained by determining their real space tip transfer function (RSTTF). We also map the local Hall voltage in graphene Hall nanosensors induced by the probes in different states. The measured transport properties of nanosensors and RSTTF outcomes are introduced as an input in a numerical model of Hall devices to verify the probe magnetic moments. The modelling results fully match the experimental measurements, outlining an all-inclusive method for the calibration of complex magnetic probes with a controllable low/high magnetic moment