Gender classification based on gait analysis using ultrawide band radar augmented with artificial intelligence

The identification of individuals based on their walking patterns, also known as gait recognition, has garnered considerable interest as a biometric trait. The use of gait patterns for gender classification has emerged as a significant research domain with diverse applications across multiple fields. The present investigation centers on the classification of gender based on gait utilizing data from Ultra-wide band radar. A total of 181 participants were included in the study, and data was gathered using Ultra-wide band radar technology. This study investigates various preprocessing techniques, feature extraction methods, and dimensionality reduction approaches to efficiently process Ultra-wide band radar data. The data quality is improved through the utilization of a two-pulse canceller and discrete wavelet transform. The hybrid feature dataset is generated through the creation of gray-level co-occurrence matrices and subsequent extraction of statistical features. Principal Component Analysis is utilized for dimensionality reduction, and prediction probabilities are incorporated as features for classification optimization. The present study employs k-fold cross-validation to train and assess machine learning classifiers, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression, Multi-Layer Perceptron, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Extra Tree Classifier. The Multilayer Perceptron exhibits superior performance, achieving an accuracy of 0.936. The Support Vector Machine and k-Nearest Neighbors classifiers closely trail behind, both achieving an accuracy of 0.934. This research is of the utmost importance due to its capacity to offer solutions to crucial problems in multiple domains. The findings indicate that the utilization of UWB radar data for gait-based gender classification holds promise in diverse domains, including biometrics, surveillance, and healthcare. The present study makes a valuable contribution to the progress of gender classification systems that rely on gait patterns

Experience in 118 consecutive patients undergoing CT-guided stereotactic surgery utilizing the cosman-robert-wells (CRW) frame

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of CT-guided neurosurgical procedures done on patients operated by this modality.Methods: Between January 1997 and March 2000, 118 patients undergoing CT-guided stereotactic procedures were recruited to the study. The CRW III stereotactic system (Radionics, USA) and the TSX-00ZA CT Scanner (Toshiba, Japan) were used for all the procedures in the series. These procedures were directed to symptomatic brain lesions or for the treatment of Parkinsonian tremor.Results: Of 118 patients, 109 had intra-cranial lesions and 9 had Parkinson\u27s Disease. The stereotactic procedures performed on these patients were: biopsies in 62, guided mini-craniotomies in 22, haematoma evacuation in 11 cases, aspiration of abscess in 8 cases, 2 biopsy/aspiration of cysts, 4 placement of catheters and 9 thalamotomies. A histological diagnosis was made in 98.15% while no diagnosis was reached in 1.85%. Morbidity and mortality were 5.92% and 2.55% respectively.Conclusion: CT-guided stereotactic surgery using the CRW frame is accurate, quick, safe and highly effective

Curative Effects of Triphala Extract against Swim Stress-Induced Gastric Ulcers via Reduced Ulcer Index, Strengthened Gastric Mucosa and Improved Redox State in Rats

Recently, the percentage of Peptic ulcer disease not linked to either Helicobacter pylori or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has increased and signifies the prominent role of psychophysiological stress in the establishment and advancements of gastric ulcers and other peptic ulcer diseases. The current study was intended not only to develop post-treatment swim stress-induced peptic ulcer disease rat model but also to analyze the curative effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Triphala in swim stress-induced peptic ulcer disease model. A post-treatment swim stress-induced peptic ulcer disease rat model was developed followed by therapeutic intervention of hydro-alcoholic extract of Triphala. The gross evaluation of gastric tissues showed that swim stress induces significant gastric ulcers in rats that could clearly be observed after 21 d of self-healing. Further, the findings of our interventional investigations revealed that hydro-alcoholic extract of Triphala exerts significant gastro-protective activity in swim stress-induced peptic ulcer disease via decreasing the ulcer index and increasing the protective gastric mucus content, whereas, the level/activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and malondialdehyde were also ameliorated after the administration of Triphala extract in experimental peptic ulcer disease model. In addition, the findings from our biochemical investigations are also well corroborated by histopathological observations. In conclusion, the current study demonstrates that swim-stress results in the development of gastric ulcers and damages the gastric mucosa along with the altered redox homeostasis in rats and Triphala extract exerts significant curative effects in posttreatment swim-stress-induced peptic ulcer disease rat model and may later be investigated and promoted for human clinical application

Occupancy Based Household Energy Disaggregation using Ultra Wideband Radar and Electrical Signature Profiles

Human behaviour and occupancy accounts for a substantial proportion of variation in the energy efficiency pro le of domestic buildings. Yet while people often claim that they would like to reduce their energy bills, rhetoric frequently fails to match action due to the effort involved in understand- ing and changing deeply engrained energy consumption habits. Here, we present and, through dedicated experiments, test in-house developed soft-ware to remotely identify appliance energy usage within buildings, using energy equipment which could be placed at the electricity meter location. Furthermore, we monitor and compare the occupancy of the location under study through Ultra-Wideband (UWB) radar technology and compare the resulting data with those received from the power monitoring software, via time synchronization. These signals when mapped together can potentially provide both occupancy and speci c appliances power consumption, which could enable energy usage segregation on a yet impossible scale as well as usage attributable to occupancy behaviour. Such knowledge forms the basis for the implementation of automated energy saving actions based on a households unique energy profi le

Extended Huckel theory for bandstructure, chemistry, and transport. II. Silicon

In this second paper, we develop transferable semi-empirical parameters for the technologically important material, silicon, using Extended Huckel Theory (EHT) to calculate its electronic structure. The EHT-parameters areoptimized to experimental target values of the band dispersion of bulk-silicon. We obtain a very good quantitative match to the bandstructure characteristics such as bandedges and effective masses, which are competitive with the values obtained within an $sp^3 d^5 s^*$ orthogonal-tight binding model for silicon. The transferability of the parameters is investigated applying them to different physical and chemical environments by calculating the bandstructure of two reconstructed surfaces with different orientations: Si(100) (2x1) and Si(111) (2x1). The reproduced $\pi$- and $\pi^*$-surface bands agree in part quantitatively with DFT-GW calculations and PES/IPES experiments demonstrating their robustness to environmental changes. We further apply the silicon parameters to describe the 1D band dispersion of a unrelaxed rectangular silicon nanowire (SiNW) and demonstrate the EHT-approach of surface passivation using hydrogen. Our EHT-parameters thus provide a quantitative model of bulk-silicon and silicon-based materials such as contacts and surfaces, which are essential ingredients towards a quantitative quantum transport simulation through silicon-based heterostructures.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure

Early surgical results with intent to treat by radical retropubic prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer

Aims: To evaluate the early cancer control rates, morbidity and mortality in men undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) for clinicallylocalized adenocarcinoma prostate.Methods: Patient\u27s characteristics, operative data, progressive-free survival rates, morbidity and mortality were analyzed for 23 men with clinical T1-2 prostate cancer who underwent surgery with an intent to treat by RRP between December 1997 to July 2001.Results: Patient\u27s mean age was 63 +/- 6.2 years (range 51 to 76 years) with American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) status I in 4%, II in 65% and III in 31%. Two third of the patients had lower urinary tract obstructive symptoms, followed by hematuria (9%) and back pain (4%). Clinical stages were T1b in 4%, T1c in 9%, T2a in 17%, T2b in 22% and T2c in 48% of the patients. Mean pre-operative serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 25 +/- 29 ng/ml (1.1 to 99.3). Bilateral pelvic lymphnode disection(PLND) and RRP was performed in 20 cases (nerve-sparing RRP 5 cases). In 3 cases with gross lymph node metastasis at frozen section, only bilateral orchidectomy was done. The mean operative time was 270 +/- 65 minutes and mean blood loss was 1097 +/- 654 mls. Packed cell transfusions were nil in 26%, 1-2 units in 44%, 3-4 units in 26% and 5 units in 4% of the patients who underwent RRP. The mean length of hospital stay was 10.2 +/- 1 days. Out of 20 patients who underwent RRP, 65% of tumors were confined to the specimen, 20% had seminal vesicle invasion and 15% had nodal metastasis. There was no peri-operative mortality while 2 patients developed epididymo-orchitis and 1 had myocardial ischemia (without infarction). Overall 87% of the patients were fully continent and 13% had mild to moderate stress urinary incontinence. The mean time of return of continence was 11.5 +/- 11.6 weeks. Two of the 3 patients (66%) with follow up information and having undergone nerve-sparing RRP are potent. At a mean follow up of 19.4 +/- 13 months (range 3-45 months), 20 of 23 total patients (87%) and 17 of 20 RRP patients (85%) remained free of disease recurrence with PSA \u3c or = 0.4 ng/ml. Conclusion: Our early results confirm the excellent potential for cancer control and low morbidity of radical prostatectomy for men with localizedprostate cancer. These results are in conformity with the vast Western experience. Long-term results will be provided