കറിവേപ്പ് വളർത്തുന്നതെങ്ങിനെ करी पत्रे का पालन कैसे करें How to grow curry leaf

Curry leaf can be grown in pots and directly in soil as well. Minimum 12 inch diameter pots has to be used for growing in pots. For direct cultivation in soil, potting mixture has to be filled in pits having 1 feet diameter and depth

പെദ് വട് ലപുഡിയിലെ കറിവേപ്പ് തോട്ടങ്ങള്‍

പെദ് വട് ലപുഡിയിലെ കറിവേപ്പ് തോട്ടങ്ങള്

Electron Mobility and Magneto Transport Study of Ultra-Thin Channel Double-Gate Si MOSFETs

We report on detailed room temperature and low temperature transport properties of double-gate Si MOSFETs with the Si well thickness in the range 7-17 nm. The devices were fabricated on silicon-on-insulator wafers utilizing wafer bonding, which enabled us to use heavily doped metallic back gate. We observe mobility enhancement effects at symmetric gate bias at room temperature, which is the finger print of the volume inversion/accumulation effect. An asymmetry in the mobility is detected at 300 K and at 1.6 K between the top and back interfaces of the Si well, which is interpreted to arise from different surface roughnesses of the interfaces. Low temperature peak mobilities of the reported devices scale monotonically with Si well thickness and the maximum low temperature mobility was 1.9 m2/Vs, which was measured from a 16.5 nm thick device. In the magneto transport data we observe single and two sub-band Landau level filling factor behavior depending on the well thickness and gate biasing

Low Temperature Properties of Quantum Antiferromagnetic Chains with Alternating Spins S=1 and 1/2

We study the low-temperature properties of S=1 and 1/2 alternating spin chains with antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor exchange couplings using analytical techniques as well as a quantum Monte Carlo method. The spin-wave approach predicts two different low-lying excitations, which are gapped and gapless, respectively. The structure of low-lying levels is also discussed by perturbation theory in the strength of the Ising anisotropy. These analytical findings are compared with the results of quantum Monte Carlo calculations and it turns out that spin-wave theory well describes the present system. We conclude that the quantum ferrimagnetic chain exhibits both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic aspects.Comment: 13 pages, RevTeX, six figures, submitted to J. Phys. Cond. Ma

Current Disease Management of Primary Urethral Carcinoma

Context: Primary urethral cancer (PUC) is a rare cancer entity. Owing to the low incidence of this malignancy, the main body of literature consists mainly of case reports, making evidence-based management recommendations difficult. Objective: To review reported disease management strategies of PUC and their impact on oncological outcomes. Evidence acquisition: A systematic research was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement using Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science, to find studies of the past 10yr including ≥20 patients, and investigating treatment strategies and their impact on outcomes of the three most frequent histologies: urothelial carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Evidence synthesis: In localized PUC, penis-sparing surgery can be performed in males, while in females, complete urethrectomy with surrounding tissue is advised to minimize recurrence due to positive margins. Radiotherapy (RT) has worse survival and recurrence rates, as well as more adverse effects, than surgery, limiting its use in genital-preserving therapy. Locally advanced PUC should be treated with multimodal therapy, as monotherapies result in inferior recurrence and survival rates. Extent of surgery is still undecided, favoring radical cyst(oprostat)ectomy with total urethrectomy (RCU). Lymph node involvement is a predictor of survival, highlighting the role of lymph node dissection for disease control and staging. RT can improve survival in combination with surgery and/or chemotherapy (CHT). Neoadjuvant platinum-based CHT can improve overall and recurrence-free survival. At recurrence, salvage therapy with surgery and/or CHT can improve survival. Superficial urothelial carcinoma of the prostatic urethra can be treated with transurethral resection. Stromal invasion often features concomitant bladder cancer with a poor prognosis and requires RCU with or without systemic preoperative CHT. Conclusions: PUC is a rare malignancy with an often poor natural course, requiring a stage- and gender-specific risk-based treatment strategy. The role of systematic perioperative CHT and the extent of surgery are becoming more important. Patient summary: In this review, we looked at the treatment options for primary urethral cancer. We found that while an organ-confined disease can be managed with local resection, growth beyond the organ border makes a combination of different treatment modalities, such as surgery and systematic chemotherapy, necessary to improve outcomes

Dioxins levels in human blood after implementation of measures against dioxin exposure in Japan

Background: Over the past few decades, the Japanese Ministry of the Environment has been biomonitoring dioxins in the general Japanese population and, in response to public concerns, has taken measures to reduce dioxin exposure. The objectives of this study were to assess the current dioxin dietary intake and corresponding body burden in the Japanese and compare Japanese dioxin data from 2011 to 2016 and 2002–2010 surveys. We also examined the relationship between blood dioxins and health parameters/clinical biomarkers. Methods: From 2011 to 2016, cross-sectional dioxin surveys were conducted on 490 Japanese (242 males and 248 females, aged 49.9 ± 7.6 years) from 15 Japanese prefectures. Blood (n = 490) and food samples (n = 90) were measured for 29 dioxin congeners including polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs) using gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Using the 2006 World Health Organization toxic equivalence factors, the toxic equivalents (TEQs) were calculated. Clinical biomarkers and anthropometric parameters were also measured and information on lifestyle behaviours collected. Data imputations were applied to account for blood dioxins below the detection limit. Results: The median (95% confidence interval or CI) blood levels and dioxin dietary intake was respectively 9.4 (8.8–9.9) pg TEQ/g lipid and 0.3 (0.2–0.4) pg TEQ/kg body weight/day. The median blood dioxin level in the 2011–2016 survey was found to have decreased by 41.3% compared to the 2002–2010 surveys. Participants who were older were found to be more likely to have higher dioxin levels. Blood dioxins were also significantly associated with body mass index, triglycerides, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and dihomo-gamma-linoleic acid levels in blood. Furthermore, associations between blood dioxin and dietary dioxin intake were evident in the unadjusted models. However, after adjusting for confounders, blood dioxins were not found to be associated with dietary dioxin intake. Conclusions: Blood dioxin levels declined over the past decade. This study showed that the measures and actions undertaken in Japan have possibly contributed to these reductions in the body burden of dioxins in the Japanese population