675 research outputs found
The Differences and Integration between Tea Culture and Coffee Culture
Tea took its source at China and has played an important role in people’s life from ancient times to the present; Coffee originated in the west and its importance is comparable to that of tea to the Chinese people. They are regarded as outstanding representatives of Chinese and Western cultures. The contact between the two cultures reflects their differences and connotations. This paper makes a comparison between tea culture and coffee culture from the aspects of the origin, development, differences and culture connotations. So as to understand the cultural conflicts between Chinese and Western cultures and the trend of mutual integration of Chinese and Western cultures under the trend of globalization
Proximal Alternating Direction Network: A Globally Converged Deep Unrolling Framework
Deep learning models have gained great success in many real-world
applications. However, most existing networks are typically designed in
heuristic manners, thus lack of rigorous mathematical principles and
derivations. Several recent studies build deep structures by unrolling a
particular optimization model that involves task information. Unfortunately,
due to the dynamic nature of network parameters, their resultant deep
propagation networks do \emph{not} possess the nice convergence property as the
original optimization scheme does. This paper provides a novel proximal
unrolling framework to establish deep models by integrating experimentally
verified network architectures and rich cues of the tasks. More importantly, we
\emph{prove in theory} that 1) the propagation generated by our unrolled deep
model globally converges to a critical-point of a given variational energy, and
2) the proposed framework is still able to learn priors from training data to
generate a convergent propagation even when task information is only partially
available. Indeed, these theoretical results are the best we can ask for,
unless stronger assumptions are enforced. Extensive experiments on various
real-world applications verify the theoretical convergence and demonstrate the
effectiveness of designed deep models
Mining Linguistic Clues From Social Network: Impact of CEO Personality on Business Performance
Researchers in strategic management and organizational theory have demonstrated that executives explain a non-trivial proportion of organizational performance variance. Upper echelons theory further informs us what and why top managers’ characteristics affect organizational performance. As the leader of executives, CEO often has a disproportionate, sometimes dominating, influence on his or her firm. However, limited research has studied the impact of CEOs’ comprehensive personality on business performance. We capture linguistic clues CEOs leaving on social network to recognize their personality by a text mining approach. Meanwhile, we adopt a broader conceptualization of the construct space of business performance and measure it by both financial and operational indicators. The impact of each aspect of CEOs’ personality on business performance is then estimated. Interesting results are found and conceivable explanations are proposed
Internet Celebrity Endorsement: How Internet Celebrities Bring Referral Traffic to E-commerce Sites?
Endorsement marketing has been widely used to generate consumer attention, interest, and purchase behaviors among targeted audience of celebrities. Internet celebrities who become famous by means of the Internet are more dependent on strategy intimacy to appeal to their followers. Limited studies have addressed the new business models in Internet celebrities economy: content advertising and online retailing. Our study aims to examine how Internet celebrity endorsement influencing the consumers’ clickon behaviors and purchase behaviors in the context of e-commerce business. Results suggest that content marketing using Internet celebrity endorsement exhibit a significant role in bringing referral traffic to e-commerce sites but less helpful to boost sales. The impact of Internet celebrity endorsement on consumers’ click-on decisions is U-shaped, but the role of Internet celebrities as online retailers will “shape-flip” such relationship to a negative linear relation. Therefore, Internet celebrity endorsement provides effective ways to bring referral traffic to e-commerce sites
Aligning Language Models with Human Preferences via a Bayesian Approach
In the quest to advance human-centric natural language generation (NLG)
systems, ensuring alignment between NLG models and human preferences is
crucial. For this alignment, current popular methods leverage a reinforcement
learning (RL) approach with a reward model trained on feedback from humans.
However, inherent disagreements due to the subjective nature of human
preferences pose a significant challenge for training the reward model,
resulting in a deterioration of the NLG performance. To tackle this issue,
previous approaches typically rely on majority voting or averaging to
consolidate multiple inconsistent preferences into a merged one. Although
straightforward to understand and execute, such methods suffer from an
inability to capture the nuanced degrees of disaggregation among humans and may
only represent a specialized subset of individuals, thereby lacking the ability
to quantitatively disclose the universality of human preferences. To address
this challenge, this paper proposes a novel approach, which employs a Bayesian
framework to account for the distribution of disagreements among human
preferences as training a preference model, and names it as d-PM. Besides,
considering the RL strategy's inefficient and complex training process over the
training efficiency, we further propose utilizing the contrastive learning
strategy to train the NLG model with the preference scores derived from the
d-PM model. Extensive experiments on two human-centric NLG tasks, i.e.,
emotional support conversation and integrity "Rule-of-Thumb" generation, show
that our method consistently exceeds previous SOTA models in both automatic and
human evaluations.Comment: NeurIPS 202
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Predicted percentage dissatisfied with vertical temperature gradient
A vertical thermally stratified environment provides opportunities for improved ventilation effectiveness and energy efficiency, but vertical temperature gradient can also cause local thermal discomfort. ASHRAE 55 and ISO 7730 prescribe a 3 °C/m limit between head and feet for seated persons. However, an increasing amount of evidence suggests that this limit is too restrictive. To revisit how vertical temperature gradient affects local thermal comfort, we conducted laboratory tests with four nominal vertical temperature gradients (0.4, 2.9, 5.9, and 8.4 °C/m). Ninety-eight seated college-age students participated in a blind within-subject experiment. Cold-feet discomfort is more frequently rated than warm-head discomfort with increasing temperature gradients. By using logistic regression modeling, we show that the whole-body dissatisfaction increases only slightly (< 10 %) with vertical temperature gradient, even up to 8.4 °C/m. Sex does not significantly affect the results except at 8.4 °C/m. Acceptable vertical temperature gradient changes with thermal sensation votes. The results suggest that the vertical temperature gradient could be increased to 5 °C/m between head and feet when the subject is thermally neutral
Les relations entre les étrangers et les autochtones à l'époque hellénistique : les modèles d'intégration des étrangers dans l'Empire lagide
My thesis for obtaining a French doctorate address the foreign communities in the Ptolemaic Empire. This research concerns the ethnic identity of Jews, Greeks, Syrians, Egyptians in the Ptolemaic society in the Hellenistic period and their problems of th eacculturation, more precisely, of cultural transfer between immigrant groups and the local population, between dominant and dominated. The relationship between Jews and Gentiles, that, on one hand, is between Jews and Jews of Palestine of different Mediterranean diaspora, on the other hand, is an important part of my reflection, especially due to the Hellenization that marked ethnogenesis Jews.The issue of migration and cultural transfers is a crucial theme that runs through several millennia, and remains today, more than ever relevant. In the Hellenistic period, many ethnic groups live in diasporas in eastern edge of the Mediterranean. The most numerous are, in descending order, Greeks, Jews, Phoenicians, Egyptians,Ethiopians, Libyans, Syrians, etc. Taking the Ptolemaic Empire as an example, I propose to analyze the ethnic relationship of these groups and their different modes of integration and acculturation in the process of Hellenization. The Ptolemaic Empire at its peak in the third century BC, including Egypt, Palestine, Cyrenaica and the Aegean islands. It therefore offers a privileged object of study because of its location, which is at the crossroads of trade routes that guide individual and collective migration, but also due to a particularly rich and varied historical documentation.Mes travaux en vue de l’obtention d’un doctorat français portent sur les communautés étrangères dans l’Empire lagide. Cette recherche concerne l’identité ethnique des Juifs, des Grecs, des Syriens dans la société égyptienne de l’époque hellénistique et le problème de l’acculturation, plus exactement, des transferts culturels entre ces groupes d’immigrés et la population locale, entre dominants et dominés. Le problème des relations entre Juifs et Grecs, d’une part, est entre Juifs de Palestine et Juifs des différentes diasporas méditerranéennes, d’autre part, occupe une partie importante de ma réflexion, notamment en raison de l’hellénisation qui a marqué l’ethnogenèse des Juifs. Les enjeux des migrations et des transferts culturels est un thème crucial, qui traverse les millénaires, et qui reste aujourd'hui, plus que jamais, d'actualité. A l'époque hellénistique, de nombreux groupes ethniques vivent en diasporas au bord de la Méditerranée orientale. Les plus nombreux sont, par ordre décroissant, les Hellènes, les Juifs, les Phéniciens, les Égyptiens, les Éthiopiens, les Libyens, les Syriens. En prenant l'Empire lagide comme exemple, je me propose d'analyser les relations interethniques de ces groupes et leur différents modes d'intégration et d’acculturation dans le processus d'hellénisation. L'Empire lagide, à son apogée au IIIe siècle av. J.-C, comprend l’Égypte, la Palestine, la Cyrénaïque et les îles égéennes. Il offre donc un objet d'études privilégié en raison de sa situation au carrefour des routes commerciales qui orientent les migrations individuelles et collectives, mais aussi en raison d’une documentation particulièrement riche et variée
Spillover Effect of Content Marketing in E-commerce Platform under the Fan Economy Era
As the proliferation of social media and live streaming, online celebrity endorsement is a common practice of content marketing in e-commerce platform. Despite the prevalent use of social media and online community, empirical research investigating the economic values of user-generated-content (UGC) and marketer-generated-content (MGC) still lags. This study seeks to contribute theoretically and practically to an understanding of how online celebrity endorsement and fans interaction behaviors affect e-commerce sales. We adopt cross-sectional regression to assess the economic value of online celebrity endorsement, and we employ panel vector autoregressive model to explain the dynamic relationship between marketers’ and consumers’ content marketing behaviors and e-commerce product sales. Empirical results highlight that the interaction within fans community has spillover effect on content marketing under “Fan Economy” era
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