Gauge independence of Abelian and monopole dominance

We formulate a stochastic gauge fixing method to study the gauge dependence of Abelian projection. In this method, one can change the gauge from the maximally Abelian one to no gauge fixing continuously. We have found that the linear part of the heavy quark potential from Abelian contribution depends little on the gauge parameter. Similar results have been obtained for the monopole contribution part.We also investigate the gauge dependence of the length of monopole loop, which is known to be important for the confinement, and monopole density. These results suggest that the picture that monopole plays an important role for the confinement of QCD dose not depend on choice of the gauge.Comment: Lattice 2000 (Topology), 4 pages, 7 figures, LaTe

Three topics of monopole dynamics in abelian projected QCD

Three topics about monopole dynamics after abelian projection are reported. The first is the new and detailed analyses of $SU(2)$ monopole action obtained after the block-spin transformation on the dual lattice. The $b=na(\beta)$ dependence for all couplings are well fitted with a universal curve. The distance dependence of the couplings is well reproduced by a massive propagator with the mass $m=0.8$ in unit of $b$. The second is the $SU(3)$ monopole action recently obtained. The third is new interesting gauges showing abelian and monopole dominances as in the maximally abelian gauge.Comment: Talk presented at LATTICE96(topology), 4 Pages, 7 eps figure

Recent topics of infrared effective lattice QCD

Three topics concerning infrared effective lattice QCD are discussed. (1)Perfect lattice action of infrared SU(3) QCD and perfect operators for the static potential are analytically given when we assume two-point monopole interactions alone. The assumption seems to be justified from numerical analyses of pure SU(3) QCD in maximally abelian gauge. (2)Gauge invariance of monopole dominance can be proved theoretically if the gauge invariance of abelian dominance is proved. The gauge invariance of monopole condensation leads us to confinement of abelian neutral but color octet states after abelian projection. (3)A stochastic gauge fixing method is developed to study the gauge dependence of the Abelian projection, which interpolates between the maximally abelian (MA) gauge and no gauge fixing. Abelian dominance for the heavy quark potential holds even in the gauge which is far from Maximally Abelian one.Comment: LATTICE99(Poster),3 pages, LaTeX with 4 eps figure

Novel Density-Wave States of Two-Band Peierls-Hubbard Chains

Based on a symmetry argument we systematically reveal Hartree-Fock broken-symmetry solutions of the one-dimensional two-band extended Peierls-Hubbard model, which covers various materials of interest such as halogen-bridged metal complexes and mixed-stack charge-transfer salts. We find out all the regular-density-wave solutions with an ordering vector $q=0$ or $q=\pi$. Changing band filling as well as electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions, we numerically inquire further into the ground-state phase diagram and the physical property of each state. The possibility of novel density-wave states appearing is argued.Comment: 10 pages, 6 PS figures, to appear in Phys. Lett.

Cryptosporidium oocyst検出法

The protozoa Cryptosporidium parvum has been identified as one of the agents responsible for numerous outbreaks of diarrheal diseases. Detection of C.parvum oocysts in clinical and environmental samples is the key in the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in human and in identifying a water-borne and/or food-borne outbreaks. Therfore, it is very important and necessary to have simples, sensitive and specific methods. However, no such perfect methods are available as yet. In this context, we studies the various methods available by modifying at different aspects and steps using samples collected in Nepal. This study revealed that morphological test using microscopy in combination with specific immunological is valuable for quick screening and the genetic method is effective method for identifying Cryptosporidium species

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1.

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field

製造業変革を目指すインド高等教育機関のブレークスルー

インドの経済成長は著しい。しかし, そこには大きな弱点がある。それは製造業の相対的な弱さである。GDPに占める製造業の比率は17%に過ぎず, 中国の35%, タイの34%と比べ物にならない。さらに, サービス産業と製造業との賃金格差は大きく, 製造業を支える基幹的な人材は払底している。 このような国家的な課題を解決するため, 日印の共同国家プロジェクトが, インド製造業経営幹部育成支援計画(Visionary Leaders for Manufacturing (VLFM) Programme)の名のもとに2007年からはじまった。その中核的プロジェクトの一つが中級経営幹部コース(PGPEX-VLM)である。 これは, 人的資源開発省のもとにあるインドでもっとも権威あるとされる三つの高等教育機関, インド工科大学(IIT-Kanpur, およびIIT-Madras)インド経営大学院大学(IIM-Calcutta)が, 首相直属の国家製造業競争力委員会, インド工業連盟(CII)などと, 極めて強い連携をとり, 産官学のネットワークの利点を生かし, インド製造業の経営幹部育成を図るものである。そして日本のJICAが2007年より, 5年7カ月の期間支援を決定している。 そして, このプログラムの発足に際して, 今までのインドの高等教育機関ではまったく見られなかった多くのブレークスルーが起こった。本稿はそのブレークスルーの側面に焦点をあて, その内容および, なぜそのようなブレークスルーが可能になったかの一端を示そうとするものである。それは, 国家の成長に高等教育機関がどのように関与するかの一つのモデルを与える可能性を持つからである