Trabeculetomy combined with implantation of silicon rubber slice for refractory glaucoma

AIM: To evaluate the effect of trabecular filtration surgery combined with scleral interlayer filled with silicon rubber for refractory glaucoma and its complications.<p>METHODS: A total of 32 cases(32 eyes)of refractory glaucoma underwent trabecular filtration surgery combined with sclera interlayer filled silicone piece, namely trabeculectomy combined silicon rubber filled in sclera between layers was as experimental group. Twenty-one cases(21 eyes)treated by simple trabecular filtration surgery were as control group. Reducing effect of intraocular pressure(IOP)and complications of two groups were observed after operation.<p>RESULTS: Postoperative follow-up was 6-24 months. The mean IOP was 14.36±5.2mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)in experimental group and 23.36±9.3mmHg in control group after operation. IOP of three eyes(9.4%)in experimental group and 5 eyes(23.8%)in control group was over 30mmHg. There was no serious complications and rejection correlated with silicone piece during the follow-up period.<p>CONCLUSION:Silicone piece filled between sclera layer is an effective method for refractory glaucoma, and can effectively reduce IOP. Due to its economic, convenient, especially can replace expensive imported drainage plant figure treatment of refractory glaucoma in our country the grass-roots hospital, it should be widely applied

Nonlinearity in the Dark: Broadband Terahertz Generation with Extremely High Efficiency

Plasmonic metamaterials and metasurfaces offer new opportunities in developing high performance terahertz emitters and detectors beyond the limitations of conventional nonlinear materials. However, simple meta-atoms for second-order nonlinear applications encounter fundamental trade-offs in the necessary symmetry breaking and local-field enhancement due to radiation damping that is inherent to the operating resonant mode and cannot be controlled separately. Here we present a novel concept that eliminates this restriction obstructing the improvement of terahertz generation efficiency in nonlinear metasurfaces based on metallic nanoresonators. This is achieved by combining a resonant dark-state metasurface, which locally drives nonlinear nanoresonators in the near field, with a specific spatial symmetry that enables destructive interference of the radiating linear moments of the nanoresonators, and perfect absorption via simultaneous electric and magnetic critical coupling of the pump radiation to the dark mode. Our proposal allows eliminating linear radiation damping, while maintaining constructive interference and effective radiation of the nonlinear components. We numerically demonstrate a giant second-order nonlinear susceptibility around Hundred-Billionth m/V, a one order improvement compared with the previously reported split-ring-resonator metasurface, and correspondingly, a 2 orders of magnitude enhanced terahertz energy extraction should be expected with our configuration under the same conditions. Our study offers a paradigm of high efficiency tunable nonlinear metadevices and paves the way to revolutionary terahertz technologies and optoelectronic nanocircuitry.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Examining Public-Public and Public-Private Partnership of Information Systems in Taiwan

Government agencies have spent lots of money on information system (IS) deployment. However, the partnerships, i.e. public-public partnership (PUP) and public-private partnership (PPP), are less explored in IS domain. Under the concept of social exchange, this study used electronic document management systems (EDMS) in Taiwan government as the target IS for examining the PUP and PPP among agencies and vendors. This study develops a theoretical model that is informed by the literature on partnership and by social exchange theory to explain the aggregated implementation of EDMS. Based on previous literature, this study suggests that the performance expectation is the incentive and affects the support from top-management, trust to others and regulation power from National Archives Administration (NAA) that shape the PUP and PPP in government agencies. To propose the empirical findings, this study collects data from agencies with digital signature used in EDMS. This study establishes the adaption of EDMS in agencies, infers the managerial implication, and compares the findings with other researches to enhance its contribution. Support from top manages and trust to others positively affect the PUP and PPP. The results of the mapping can help identify the research direction of PUP and PPP research

Tunable Goos-H\"{a}nchen shift and polarization beam splitter in electro-optic crystals

We have investigated the tunable lateral shift and polarization beam splitting of the transmitted light beam through electro-optic crystals, based on the Pockels effect. The positive and negative lateral shifts could be easily controlled by adjusting the permittivity tensor, which is modulated by the external applied electric field. An alternative way to realize the polarization beam splitter was also proposed by the polarization-dependent lateral shifts. Numerical simulations for Gaussian-shaped incident beam have demonstrated the above theoretical results obtained by stationary phase method. All these phenomena have potential applications in optical devices.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figure

DNMT3a in the hippocampal CA1 is crucial in the acquisition of morphine self‐administration in rats

Drug‐reinforced excessive operant responding is one fundamental feature of long-lasting addiction‐like behaviors and relapse in animals. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms responsible for the persistent drug‐specific (not natural rewards) operant behavior are not entirely clear. In this study, we demonstrate a key role for one of the de novo DNA methyltransferase, DNMT3a, in the acquisition of morphine self‐administration (SA) in rats. The expression of DNMT3a in the hippocampal CA1 region but not in the nucleus accumbens shell was significantly up‐regulated after 1‐ and 7‐day morphine SA (0.3 mg/kg/infusion) but not after the yoked morphine injection. On the other hand, saccharin SA did not affect the expression of DNMT3a or DNMT3b. DNMT inhibitor 5‐aza‐2‐deoxycytidine (5‐aza) microinjected into the hippocampal CA1 significantly attenuated the acquisition of morphine SA. Knockdown of DNMT3a also impaired the ability to acquire the morphine SA. Overall, these findings suggest that DNMT3a in the hippocampus plays an important role in the acquisition of morphine SA and may be a valid target to prevent the development of morphine addiction. Includes Supplemental informatio

Precision Medicine: Role of Biomarkers in Early Prediction and Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia in the aged people, is a chronic and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder. Early prediction, intervention, and objective diagnosis are very critical in AD. In this chapter, we will introduce the current progress in the prediction and diagnosis of AD, including recent development in diagnostic criteria, genetic testing, neuroimaging techniques, and neurochemical assays. Focus will be on some new applied methods with more specific examples, that is, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood proteins and peptides, which might serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of AD. We will also discuss biomarker-based diagnostic strategies and their practical application