Efficacy of cinnamon in the treatment of orofacial conditions

Background: Cinnamon is a spice which has been in use for 1000 of years for its taste, condiment, and for its medicinal values. It has a history of medicinal use in China, Egypt, and Europe. In traditional medicine, cinnamon is used in respiratory, digestive, and skin ailments. It has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antiarthritic, anticlotting, and immune regulatory properties. Cinnamon oil is used topically in the treatment of certain skin diseases such as acne, eczema, and pimples. In recent times, there has been a gradual rise in interest in the use and research on medicinal plants the world over due to their safety margin and minimal side and adverse effects. Aim: This paper aims to review the available scientific literature and to provide a comprehensive summary on the potential medicinal benefits of cinnamon in orofacial disease conditions. A review of the scientific literature available on cinnamon conclusively proves its efficacy in the management of several ailments including metabolic disorders like diabetes and lifestyle-associated conditions like hyperlipidemia. Conclusion: A review of its mechanism of action indicates its potential therapeutic benefit in the management of various orofacial conditions including trigeminal neuralgia and lichen planus. Clinical Significance: Cinnamon unfortunately like any medications does have its share of adverse effects and reactions, and therefore, its clinical use must be paved with caution and planned clinical trials, keeping in mind its potential adverse effects and interactions will result in a more standard formulation and protocol for the use of cinnamon as a therapeutic agent

On Placement of LAA / LTE-U Base Stations in the Presence of Wi-Fi

Recently, the use of LTE in unlicensed has gained a lot of attention to improve the data rate and satisfy the increasing user demand. Use of unlicensed spectrum is allowed with restricted transmission power hence mostly LAA/LTE-U nodes are Femto cells and mostly will be used to improve the indoor data rates. In future, the LAA nodes will get deployed inside residential apartment complexes and office buildings to provide high data rates for indoor User Equipment (UEs). The UEs with high Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) experience good throughput, but the SINR decreases significantly if building walls and other obstacles are present in the communication path. The coverage difference of licensed and unlicensed spectrum provides different SINR so, efficient placement of LAA Femtos in buildings with consideration of interference from other LAA Femto nodes, Wi-Fi Access Points (APs) and Macro Base Stations (BSs) is very crucial for attaining desirable SINR for the indoor UEs. In this paper, we have considered obstructions (walls, floors) and interference from Macro, Femto BSs, and Wi-Fi APs. Our goal is to find the optimal number of Femtos with minimum SINR requirements in the unlicensed band, and next thing is to achieve good SINR in all sub-regions in licensed band as well. To do this, we formulated an optimization model (MinLF) to find the minimum number of LAA/LTE-U Femtos along with its positions in indoor scenarios which resulted in Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) optimization problem. Further, to maximize minimum SINR in the licensed spectrum, we formulated MinLPow model to find the optimal power of each located Femto inside the building which is Mixed Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP). MinLF formulation is solved using GAMS CPLEX optimization solver. After getting positions of Femtos, we solved MinLPow formulation using Genetic Algorithm. Finally, the efficiency of proposed formulation model is shown with sufficient simulation study

Efficiency Improvement of a Plant Layout

Abstract: Facilities layout is a systematic and functional arrangement of different departments, machines, equipments and services in a manufacturing industry. It is essential to have a well developed plant layout for all the available resources in an optimum manner and get the maximum out of the capacity of the facilities. The efficiency of production depends on how well the various machines, services production facilities and employee's amenities are located in a plant. This research paper aims to study and improve the current plant layout and are analysed & designed by using string diagram. An Attempt is made to simulate the current and proposed factory layout by using ARENA software. Efficiency of the current & proposed plant layout are calculated

On placement and efficient resource allocation of LAA/LTE-U base stations in HetNet

LTE operation in unlicensed spectrum is considered as a promising solution to meet the increase in user data demand. Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), and duty cycled LTE-U are two options for LTE to operate in the unlicensed band for fair sharing of unlicensed spectrum with IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi). Due to restriction on the transmission power in the unlicensed band, LAA/LTE-U Base Stations (BSs) will get deployed mostly inside residential and office buildings to provide high data rates for indoor User Equipments (UEs). In an indoor scenario, walls and other obstacles in the communication path along with co-tier and cross-tier interferences decrease the Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) significantly which results in throughput decrease. Hence, an optimal placement of LAA BSs is essential. As the available bandwidth in the unlicensed spectrum is more compared to the licensed spectrum, an efficient resource allocation is also necessary for ensuring minimum throughput for the indoor UEs. In this paper, our goal is to find the optimal number of LAA/LTE-U BSs with minimum throughput guarantee inside the building using licensed and unlicensed bands. To do this, we formulate an optimization model (MinLAA) for LAA BSs placement which is Mixed Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP) problem. So, we propose a heuristic algorithm to find the minimum number of LAA/LTE-U BSs such that all the users inside the building get minimum guaranteed throughput

Oral manifestations associated with Novel Coronavirus Disease - 2019 (COVID-19): A questionnaire based hypothetical study [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

Background: Since the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in 2019, the virus has evolved drastically, presenting with sets of mutations that influence its properties, including transmissibility and antigenicity. The oral mucosa is postulated as probable portal entry and several oral manifestations have been identified, which places dental professionals in a position to recognize probable COVID-19 patients depending on oral signs and symptoms in the initial phases of the disease itself. As co-existing with COVID-19 seems to be a new reality, greater understanding is required regarding early oral signs and symptoms which can be predictors for timely intervention and prevention of complications in COVID-19 patients. The objective of the study is to identify the distinguishing oral signs and symptoms among COVID-19 patients and to establish possible correlation between severity of COVID-19 infection and oral symptoms. Methods: This study recruited 179 ambulatory, non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s Eastern Province's designated hotels for COVID-19 and home isolated patients from the same region using a convenience sample method. Data was collected by qualified and experienced investigators, including two physicians and three dentists, using a validated comprehensive questionnaire through telephonic interviews with the participants. The X2 was used to assess the categorical variables, and odd's ratio was calculated to determine the strength of the association between general symptoms and oral manifestations. Results: Oral and nasopharyngeal lesions or conditions like loss of smell and taste, xerostomia, sore throat, and burning sensation were predictors of COVID-19-related systemic symptoms such as cough, fatigue, fever, and nasal congestion were identified to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: The study reveals the occurrence of olfactory or taste dysfunction, dry mouth, sore throat, and burning sensation along with COVID-19 generic symptoms, should be considered as suggestive yet not conclusive indicators of COVID-19

Functionalized and Nonfunctionalized Nanosystems for Mitochondrial Drug Delivery with Metallic Nanoparticles

Background: The application of metallic nanoparticles as a novel therapeutic tool has significant potential to facilitate the treatment and diagnosis of mitochondria-based disorders. Recently, subcellular mitochondria have been trialed to cure pathologies that depend on their dysfunction. Nanoparticles made from metals and their oxides (including gold, iron, silver, platinum, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide) have unique modi operandi that can competently rectify mitochondrial disorders. Materials: This review presents insight into the recent research reports on exposure to a myriad of metallic nanoparticles that can alter the dynamic ultrastructure of mitochondria (via altering metabolic homeostasis), as well as pause ATP production, and trigger oxidative stress. The facts and figures have been compiled from more than a hundred PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus indexed articles that describe the essential functions of mitochondria for the management of human diseases. Result: Nanoengineered metals and their oxide nanoparticles are targeted at the mitochondrial architecture that partakes in the management of a myriad of health issues, including different cancers. These nanosystems not only act as antioxidants but are also fabricated for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. However, the biocompatibility, safety, and efficacy of using metal nanoparticles is contested among researchers, which will be discussed further in this review

On Placement of LAA/LTE-U Base Stations in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Recently, the use of LTE in the unlicensed spectrum has gained a lot of attention to address bandwidth crunch. Due to restriction on the transmission power in the unlicensed spectrum, LTE-U/LAA cells will get deployed mostly inside residential and office buildings to provide high data rates for indoor User Equipments (UEs). The UEs with high Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) experience good throughput, but the SINR decreases significantly due to walls and other obstacles that are present in the communication path. The coverage difference of licensed and unlicensed spectrum leads to different SINRs so, efficient placement of LAA Base Stations (BSs) inside the buildings is very crucial for attaining desirable SINR for the indoor UEs. Our primary objective is to find the optimal number of LAA/LTE-U BSs with minimum SINR requirements in the unlicensed band, and the secondary objective is to maximize the minimum SINR inside the building in the licensed band with power control. To do this, we formulate an optimization model (MinLF) to find the minimum number of LAA/LTE-U BSs along with their positions in indoor scenarios which resulted in Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem. Further, to maximize the minimum SINR in the licensed spectrum, we formulate MinLPower model to find the optimal transmission power of each LTE-U/LAA cell inside the building which resulted in Mixed Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP) problem. Our proposed models achieve optimal placement with a maximum energy saving of 88% compared to the maximum power scheme

Systemic and topical steroids in the management of oral mucosal lesions

From the time of its introduction in the 1040s, glucocorticoids have provided a panacea for many diseases. The therapeutic benefit of corticosteroids lies in their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties which makes them highly effective in the management of oral mucosal lesions. This article aims to present to the clinician, the plethora of options available as steroid therapy and enables one to choose based on the underlying disease and the properties of the drug

The Trends and Growth Analysis in the Area, Production and Productivity of Turmeric in Surguja District of Chhattisgarh, India

Turmeric is an important spice crop grown in Chhattisgarh. The present study is mainly based on time series data. The secondary data on area, production and productivity of Turmeric in Chhattisgarh, were collected for the period 2001-02 to 2020-21from various publications. To analyze the trends and growth rate in the area, production and productivity of turmeric in Surguja district of Chhattisgarh state. The performance of turmeric was examined by estimating the growth rates and instability index of area, production and productivity of turmeric. Growth analysis for area, production and productivity. Focus on the Surguja district. It was positive and non-significant in the area of compound and linear growth rate, but it was positive and significant in the case of production. In terms of productivity, both compound and linear growth rate showed negatively significance. In the case of Chhattisgarh, the linear and compound growth rates in the area and production of turmeric were observed as positive and non-significant. While the growth rate in productivity in Chhattisgarh was found negatively and significant over the period.&nbsp; The major of constraints faced by the selected area, unavailability of improved and high yielding varieties, package and practices and Weather fluctuation. Ensure to availability of Improved and high yielding varieties for good production, productivity and good quality and Weather based information should provide for turmeric grower region