Cutback Asphalt Emulsion Primer, Type L, Nelson County, Project RS Group 38 (1961)

Personnel of the Research Division visited the Nelson County project to observe the application and behavior of the cutback asphalt emulsion primer, Type L, on Ky. 733, northeast of Boston. The following remarks concerning this project are submitted for your information

The development of an autonomous rendezvous and docking simulation using rapid integration and prototyping technology

A generic planar 3 degree of freedom simulation was developed that supports hardware in the loop simulations, guidance and control analysis, and can directly generate flight software. This simulation was developed in a small amount of time utilizing rapid prototyping techniques. The approach taken to develop this simulation tool, the benefits seen using this approach to development, and on-going efforts to improve and extend this capability are described. The simulation is composed of 3 major elements: (1) Docker dynamics model, (2) Dockee dynamics model, and (3) Docker Control System. The docker and dockee models are based on simple planar orbital dynamics equations using a spherical earth gravity model. The docker control system is based on a phase plane approach to error correction

Business, Human Rights, and the Promise of Polycentricity

Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the Issue of Human Rights and Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises (SRSG) John Ruggie referred to the Protect, Respect, and Remedy Framework (PRR Framework) and the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (Guiding Principles) as a polycentric governance system. However, the exact meaning of this phrase has not been very carefully elucidated. This Article analyzes that description in the context of the deep and varied body of literature on polycentric governance and evaluates the PRR Framework in that light. In particular, this Article uses a case-study approach, analyzing the emerging polycentric governance system in the context of the sourcing of certain minerals from conflict-affected countries in the African Great Lakes region to explore these issues. The conflict minerals regulatory regime incorporates a notable number of the concerns and opportunities SRSG Ruggie highlighted and promoted in the PRR Framework and Guiding Principles. This Article then recommends further study of the concepts explored herein as applied to the business and human rights sector generally and conflict minerals regulation specifically. Ultimately, this Article argues that, given the relative paucity of binding international law regulating the human rights aspects of business and the unlikelihood of substantial multilateral progress in the near future, the success of the PRR Framework and Guiding Principles may well depend on whether the promise of their polycentric nature can be fully realized

Interim Report on Rural Secondary, Base Stabilization Projects

Early in 1962, the Division of Rural Highways selected several base stabilization projects for construction during the 1962 season. These projects were to involve the addition of 1-1/2 to 3 inches of compacted granular base to existing, rural secondary, traffic-bound macadam roads. Since these roads were not intended to be surfaced, calcium chloride and sodium chloride were to be added to the additional granular base material in an attempt to retain or hold the aggregate on the road. This treatment was in tended to improve the road and to build up the base over a period of a few years until the road could be surfaced. The Division of Research was requested to observe the construction and performance of these projects and to evaluate the effectiveness of calcium or sodium chloride in this type of stage construction. Accordingly, eight projects totaling 40.111 miles were selected for observation. These projects included three (12.434 miles) in which calcium chloride was used, three (11.200 miles) in which sodium chloride was used, and two (16.477 miles) in which no additive was used. Two additional projects involving similar types of construction are also reported. The Garrard County project was completed however, much of this base material is scattered or washed into the ditches or is pulverized and blown away. This results in an inadequate base when the wearing course is eventually constructed

The Application of Nuclear Techniques to the Measurement of Moisture and Density of Highway Construction Materials

In recent years much attention has been directed toward the application of neutron and gamma ray techniques to soil moisture and density measurements. This application of radiological measurements of these characteristics of materials of highway construction, of course, is of great interest to the highway industry since the performance of the total pavement system is highly dependent upon the condition of the embankment, subgrade, and base components of this system. An important measure of the state of condition of unconsolidated earth materials is their unit weights and moisture contents. The highway engineer undoubtedly would welcome any method or technique which would provide more rapidly and easily this essential information that may be used in the control of the construction of the embankment, subgrade, and base. The application of the neutron and gamma ray techniques to this purpose appears to offer some promise for the engineer and thus is worthy of his consideration

Compressibility and Hydraulic Conductivity of Zeolite-Amended Soil-Bentonite Backfills

The effect of zeolite amendment for enhanced sorption capacity on the consolidation behavior and hydraulic conductivity, k, of a typical soil-bentonite (SB) backfill for vertical cutoff walls was evaluated via laboratory testing. The consolidation behavior and k of test specimens containing fine sand, 5.8 % (dry wt.) sodium bentonite, and 0, 2, 5, or 10 % (dry wt.) of one of three types of zeolite (clinoptilolite, chabazite-lower bed, or chabazite-upper bed) were measured using fixed-ring oedometers, and k also was measured on separate specimens using a flexible-wall permeameter. The results indicated that addition of a zeolite had little impact on either the consolidation behavior or the k of the backfill, regardless of the amount or type of zeolite. For example, the compression index, Cc, for the unamended backfill specimen was 0.24, whereas values of Cc for the zeolite amended specimens were in the range 0.19 ≤ Cc ≤ 0.23. Similarly, the k for the unamended specimen based on flexible-wall tests was 2.4 x 10-10 m/s, whereas values of k for zeolite amended specimens were in the range 1.2 x 10-10 ≤ k ≤ 3.9 x 10-10 m/s. The results of the study suggest that enhancing the sorption capacity of typical SB backfills via zeolite amendment is not likely to have a significant effect on the consolidation behavior or k of the backfill, provided that the amount of zeolite added is small (≤ 10 %)

Characterization of biological types of cattle (Cycle VII): Carcass, yield, and longissimus palatability traits

The objective of this experiment was to provide a current evaluation of the seven most prominent beef breeds in the United States and to determine the relative changes that have occurred in these breeds since they were evaluated with samples of sires born 25 to 30 yr earlier. Carcass (n = 649), yield (n = 569), and longissimus thoracis palatability (n = 569) traits from F1 steers obtained from mating Hereford, Angus, and U.S. Meat Animal Research Center III cows to Hereford (H), Angus (A), Red Angus (RA), Charolais (C), Limousin (L), Simmental (S), or Gelbvieh (G) sires were compared. Data were adjusted to constant age (445 d), carcass weight (363 kg), fat thickness (1.1 cm), fat trim percent (25%), and marbling (Small35) endpoints. For Warner-Bratzler shear force and trained sensory panel traits, data were obtained on LM from steaks stored at 2°C for 14 d postmortem. The following comparisons were from the age-constant endpoint. Carcasses from L-, G-, and Hsired steers (361, 363, and 364 kg, respectively) were lighter (P \u3c 0.05) than carcasses from steers from all other sire breeds. Adjusted fat thickness for carcasses from A-, RA-, and H-sired steers (1.5, 1.4, and 1.3 cm, respectively) was higher (P \u3c 0.05) than for carcasses from steers from all other sire breeds (0.9 cm). Longissimus muscle areas were largest (P \u3c 0.05) for carcasses from L-, C-, S-, and G-sired steers (89.9, 88.7, 87.6, and 86.5 cm2, respectively) and smallest for carcasses from H- and RA-sired steers (79.5 and 78.4 cm2). A greater (P \u3c 0.05) percentage of carcasses from RA- and A-sired steers graded USDA Choice (90 and 88%, respectively) than from carcasses from other sire breeds (57 to 66%). Carcass yield of boneless, totally trimmed retail product was least (P \u3c 0.05) for RA- and A-sired steers (59.1 and 59.2%, respectively) and greatest (P \u3c 0.05) for G-, L-, C-, and S-sired steers (63.0 to 63.8%). Longissimus muscle from carcasses of A-sired steers (4.0 kg) had lower (P \u3c 0.05) Warner Bratzler shear force values than LM from carcasses of G- and C-sired steers (4.5 to 4.3 kg, respectively). Trained sensory panel tenderness and beef flavor intensity ratings for LM did not differ (P \u3c 0.05) among the sire breeds. Continental European breeds (C, L, S, and G) were still leaner, more heavily muscled, and had higher-yielding carcasses than did British breeds (H, A, and RA), with less marbling than A or RA, although British breeds have caught up in growth rate