FPGA configuration of an alloyed correlated branch predictor used with RISC processor for educational purposes

Instructions pipelining is one of the most outstanding techniques used in improving processor speed; nonetheless, these pipelined stages are constantly facing stalls that caused by nested conditional branches. During the execution of nested conditional branches, the behavior of the running branch depends on the history information of the previous ones; therefore, these branches have the greatest effect in reducing the prediction accuracy of a branch predictor among conditional branches. The purpose of this research is to reduce the stall cycles caused by correlated branches misprediction by introducing a hardware model of a branch predictor that combines both local and global prediction techniques. This predictor integrates the prediction characteristics of the alloyed predictor with those of the correlated predictor. the predictor design which implemented in VHDL (Very high-speed IC hardware description language) was inserted in previously designed MIPS (microprocessor without interlocked pipelined stages) processor and its prediction accuracy was confirmed by executing a program using the selection sort algorithm to sort 100 input numbers of different combinations ascendingly

Determination of the Antiprotozoal and Antibacterial Drug Metronidazole in Blood and Dosage Forms Using a Simple Spectrophotometric Method

A new, precise, and sensitive method for the determination of Metronidazole has been created. Metronidazole has been determined in both blood and dosage forms. The reaction is based on the reduction of the nitro group of metronidazole followed by coupling with the diazotized p-aminodiphenylamine to produce a soluble, colored complex measured at 515 nm. Beer-Lambert law is obeyed over the concentration range from 20 to 100 µg/mL, the molar absorptivity is 1397.88 L/mol.cm.The method has been used for the determination of metronidazole in the blood of the volunteer after 4, 6, 8, and 12 h from the administration of 500 mg tablet showing that the higher level of the drug was found after 6 h from swallowing the drug orally with excellent precision range (RSD% 0.0122-0.0387). The method has been also applied for the estimation of drug content in injection and tablet dosage forms with accuracy ranging from -4.1- to +4.0

Effect of Nano SiO2 Particles on some Physical Properties of (UP/PU) Blend Composite

The effect of SiO2 physical properties (Shore D hardness, impact strength, 3 pts bending, thermal conductivity, and weight gain) after and before immersion in different liquid solution (water, HCL 0.2 N , and NaOH 0.2 N), of (UP/PU) blend was studied. Hand lay-up technique was applied using unsaturated polyester and polyurethane blend as a matrix and silicon oxide nano particles (Nano SiO2) as a filler with volume fraction (3% Vf ) . Results showed that liquids affected bending properties and thermal conductivity (k) by decreasing values, while the impact strength, and weight gain also studied for 4 weeks and it increase with increasing of immersion time in liquids

Recovering Jackknife Ridge Regression Estimates from OLS Results

The aim of this paper is addressing or recalculate the estimation methods in multiple linear regression model when there is a problem of Multicollinearity in this model like the ridge regression for Hoerl and Kannard, Baldwin estimator (HKB) and Jackknifed ridge regression estimator (JRR) using least-squares estimators which the last are the best unbiased estimators, consistent and linear. In this paper we proposed a formula to calculate the above estimators easily depending on the least-squares estimator, this treatment as a mathematical formula faster than the HKB estimator that depend on reducing the variance and JRR estimator that depend on reducing the bias. We used numerical examples of the pricing method in comprehensive quality and environmental quality as air pollution in places as pricing environment. After the comparison JRR and HKB estimates are superior to the OLS estimates under the mean squared error (MSE) criterion. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 62J07

HERMITE NUMERICAL METHOD TO ESTIMATE THE RADON AND RADIUM EFFECTS OF THE SOIL IN BARTELLA REGION

The Hermite numerical interpolation method used to estimate and predict the radon and radium concentrations, from some of the experimental measurements made on the soil samples of the Bartella region in Iraq. The results obtained from deductible mathematical method were close to real experimental results. Predicted results are in the range of 80.04–4051.59 Bq/m3radon concentrations and 0.322–17.276 Bq/Kgradium concentrations corresponding to 200-10000 tracks of alpha particles. The maximum errors were less than 0.289 and 1.172 percent for radon and radium concentrations, respectively. The effects of radium and radon radiations estimated of soil in the studied area depend on its concentrations, a higher number of alpha particle tracks mean high radiation concentration, the high radiation will cause human health damage. The values are below 370 Bq/Kg the recommended radium concentration permissible values, by the Organization ащк Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the studied area is safe from hazards on health of radium and radon exposure from the soi

Serological markers “CEA test & sAPRIL test” in Iraqi patients with colon cancer

Background: Colonic cancer is a very common disease world-wide being fourth most common cancer characterized by abnormal proliferation of the inner wall of colon then taking full colon wall thickness then spreading to surrounding lymph nodes and tissues and finally distant metastasis. It is one of most complicated diseases with debilitating symptoms which becomes more sever , prominent and specific with advancing stage with high percent of fatality and relatively short survival if diagnosed late or if left untreated. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of serum CEA & sAPRIL levels in the diagnosis and screening of colon cancer and their validity for this. Patients and methods: This study was applied on 35 patients with colonic cancer, 35 patients with benign polyps and 15 negative controls. All individuals were subjected to blood sampling for measuring their serum CEA & sAPRIL using ELISA technique. Results: In this study, majority of patients with colon cancer were presented at ages between 53-82 years of age (mean 68.5±6.4 years). Serum levels of sAPRIL & CEA were significantly elevated in those patients with advancing stages (C & D) compared with stages (A & B) and lower levels were found in patients who had surgical removal of tumor or received chemotherapy. Also a positive relation was found between sAPRIL & CEA with alcohol intake and smoking Conclusion: according to this study sample it was found that sAPRIL and CEA together are strong indicators for colon cancer screening & diagnosis, and by this will reduce the need for more invasive screening & diagnostic tools

Real Time Image Segmentation for Face Detection Based on Fuzzy Logic

The segmentation of objects whose colorcomposition is not trivial represents a difficult task. In this work we propose a fuzzy algorithm application for the segmentation of such objects. It is chosen; by the characteristics that it represents the face segmentation. A priori knowledge about spectral information for certain face skin region classes is used in order to classify image in fuzzy logic classification procedure. The basic idea was to perform the classification procedure first in the supervised and then in fuzzy logic manner. Some information, needed for membership function definition, was taken from supervised maximum likelihood classification. The system uses three membership functions which are taken as Gaussian distribution curve. For real time needs, the system is implemented on an FPGA

Effect of Methotrexate and Omega 3 in Some Parameters Related With WBCs and RBCs in Male Rats

The current study included understanding the effect of methotrexate and omega-3 in the thyroid and parathyroid gland and some of the physiological and histological and genetic variables in some of the organs of the body in the male rats. The study included 56 animals were divided into three groups, the first and second groups were divided into three secondary groups, the first secondary group was given the drug methotrexate only in concentration 0.05 , 0.125 and 0.250 mg / kg for 8 weeks while the secondary second group was given drug methotrexate in the same concentrations of the first group, as well as give it omega-3 concentration of 300 mg / kg for 8 weeks, the third group was considered as control group. After finishing of dosage, the animals killed and took blood samples and organs to do the required tests, included measuring of blood parameters, such as RBC ,PCV ,Hb ,MCV, MCH and MCHC. In addition to measure the number of white blood cell count WBC and Differential white blood cells, where the results showed the presence of a rise in both the RBC, PCV, Hb in the low and medium concentration of methotrexate while decreased in high concentration, omega-3 work to reduce the variables above in the low and medium concentration while worked on reducing it in the high concentration, moreover a variable of MCV and MCH and MCHC has not changed morally. With respect to the WBC was low in the totals for the study when giving methotrexate while rose when giving omega-3 with this druge, also neutrophil cells was low and accompanied by a rise in a monoytes in all concentrations of Methotrexate were not for omega 3 noticeable effect on these cells decreased. The results showed a decline in the lymph and acidophilus cells in the low concentration while rose in the medium and high concentration of Methotrexate. Omega-3 worked on the rise it in concentrations above, with respect to basophiles cells increased in the low and high concentration and decreased in medium and the omega-3 was not effect of them

Effect of graphite particles on physical and mechanical properties of nickel matrix composite

The composite materials have effective properties and characteristics for use in most modern and important applications such as space and transportation applications, especially in internal combustion engines as well as applications and marine industries. In this study, Nickel – 5 vol.% Zirconium dioxide composites with 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 vol. % of graphite particles are prepared by powder metallurgy technique. The samples are pressed at 900 MPa for 1 min after mixing the hybrid composite powders for 15 min by using a mechanical mixer, followed by sintering at 1160 oC for 3 hours. The hybrid composites are characterized by using an optical microscope. The wear test under dry sliding conditions was performed under various loads of 5, 10, 15 and 20 Newton and at a fixed sliding distance of around 1810 m. It is found that increasing graphite content results decrease in bulk and apparent densities in contrast with total porosity, apparent porosity, and water absorption. Alternatively, the increasing volume fraction of graphite particles improves the micro-hardness, diametral compressive strength and wear resistance till an optimum value up to 4 %, then severely reduction is observed. Whereas the wear resistance decreased by increasing the applied loads for all reinforcement content. The results, in conclusion, reveal that the hybrid composites at 4 % graphite particles relatively have high mechanical and wear properties, and it could be considered a suitable because of high corrosion resistance in our daily life applications