Leadership effectiveness and its relationship with emotional stability among nurse managers in educational hospitals related to Isfahan University of Medical Science in 2007

زمینه و هدف: تغییرات گسترده ای که امروزه در مؤسسات مراقبت بهداشتی به وقوع پیوسته است ضرورت ترکیب مهارت های رهبری و مدیریت را به وجود آورده است. به علاوه، موفقیت در مراقبت از بیمار و جلب اعتبار بیمارستان تا حد زیادی به شایستگی و علاقه کارکنان پرستاری بستگی دارد. هدف این پژوهش تعیین اثربخشی رهبری و ارتباط آن با ثبات عاطفی در مدیران پرستاری می باشد. روش بررسی: این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی همبستگی بود که در سال 1386 بر روی 128 نفر از مدیران پرستاری بیمارستان های آموزشی وابسته به دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهر اصفهان با روش نمونه گیری سرشماری انجام شد. ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه اصول رهبری اثربخش و پرسشنامه شخصیت کنتل (Kentel) بود. در این پژوهش اثربخشی رهبری و ثبات عاطفی مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. یافته ها: یافته های پژوهش نشان داد که 8/77 مدیران خدمات پرستاری، 7/66 سوپروایزران و 1/72 سرپرستاران مورد پژوهش اثربخشی رهبری قوی داشته اند. همچنین بین اثربخشی رهبری و ثبات عاطفی در رده سوپروایزران همبستگی مستقیم و معنی دار وجود داشت (02/0 = Pو 39/0r=-) اما در سایر رده ها بین اثربخشی رهبری و ثبات عاطفی همبستگی معنی داری مشاهده نشد. نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد بین اثربخشی رهبری و ثبات عاطفی در رده سوپروایزران، ارتباط مستقیمی وجود دارد لذا توجه به ویژگی های شخصیتی در انتخاب این مدیران باید مورد توجه قرار گیرد

E-cadherin Promoter Methylation Comparison and Correlation with the Pathological Features of the Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Esophagus in the High Risk Region

E-cadherin is among tumor suppressor genes which mostly subjects to the down-regulation in squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus (SCCE). The gene is tightly associated with the tumor invasion and metastasis in multiple human cancers, especially SCCE. CpG islands’ methylation in the promoter region of E-cadherin is among the mechanisms that have been suggested for the E-cadherin silencing, however, little is known regarding (SCCE) in the high risk region of the world. To establish a correlation between E-Cadherin promoter methylation with the pathological features of SCCE, as well as history, and demographic features we undertook the present investigation. Following to the surgical resection tissue samples of the 44 patients with SCCE was used for E-cadherin promoter methylation examination. Analysis was done using methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR). Furthermore, for evaluating E-daherin expression levels, reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was applied.Results have indicated that twenty four out of the forty four tumor DNA samples (54.5%) were aberrantly methylated. In contrast, all normal tissues were found to be unmethylated. In addition a significant association was found between methylation status of E-Cadherin promoter with type I and II of the tumor differentiation (p=0.024), stages T2 and T3 of tumors (p= 0.026), as well as lymph node invasion (p= 0.004).  E-cadherin tumor suppressor gene subjects to epigenetic silencing through aberrant promoter CpG islands methylation; a mechanism which is most commonly contributed with the other important tumor suppressor genes in the SCCE carcinogenesis in the world’s highest risk region for SCCE

Stock assessment of freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) in Aras reservoir

360 funnel traps were prepared as 30 in one row. They were bitted and located in different depths in sampling sites. Two rows each composed of 30 traps were located by stone, linking rope and boat with 50 m distance in sampling stations. The results showed that the average of total length of caught crayfish was 106.26±12.89 mm and their mean weight was 38.79 ± 15.54 gr. The largest crayfish had 171 mm length and 216 g weight. Also mean of total CPUE was 9.72±4.49 individuals in the study period. The evaluation by Schnabel approach indicated that fluctuation range of freshwater crayfish biomass with more than 120mm length was 131-313 with an average of 212.59 ±30.23 kilograms per ha. In this study freshwater crayfish biomass with more than 120mm length was 247 × 10^3 kilograms. The Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) was estimated 83 × 10^3 kilograms. In this study ّFecundity and biometry of crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) was investigated during 2012-2013. The results showed that the average of total length of caught crayfish was 106.26±12.89 mm and their mean weight was 38.79 ± 15.54 gr. The largest crayfish had 171 mm length and 216 g weight. Mean number of ovarian and pleopodal eggs were estimated at 286 ± 82 and 246.31 ± 80.41 eggs (with 95% confidence limits), respectively. In this research, male to female ratio was obtained 1.21:1. The time of male moulting at 16°C was started from April and was ended in the late May, when the water temperature reached to 18° C. The second moulting of males and the first moulting of females was performed simultaneously in 18°C water temperature at September. Reproduction of freshwater crayfish was started from November and continued to May of the next year. Harvesting period was from May to late November

Nutraceutical agents with anti-inflammatory properties prevent dietary saturated-fat induced disturbances in blood-brain barrier function in wild-type mice

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that disturbances in the blood–brain barrier (BBB) may be pivotal to the pathogenesis and pathology of vascular-based neurodegenerative disorders. Studies suggest that heightened systemic and central inflammations are associated with BBB dysfunction. This study investigated the effect of the anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals garlic extract-aged (GEA), alpha lipoic acid (ALA), niacin, and nicotinamide (NA) in a murine dietary-induced model of BBB dysfunction. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were fed a diet enriched in saturated fatty acids (SFA, 40% fat of total energy) for nine months to induce systemic inflammation and BBB disturbances. Nutraceutical treatment groups included the provision of either GEA, ALA, niacin or NA in the positive control SFA-group and in low-fat fed controls. Brain parenchymal extravasation of plasma derived immunoglobulin G (IgG) and large macromolecules (apolipoprotein (apo) B lipoproteins) measured by quantitative immunofluorescent microscopy, were used as markers of disturbed BBB integrity. Parenchymal glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were considered in the context of surrogate markers of neurovascular inflammation and oxidative stress. Total anti-oxidant status and glutathione reductase activity were determined in plasma.Results: Brain parenchymal abundance of IgG and apoB lipoproteins was markedly exaggerated in mice maintained on the SFA diet concomitant with significantly increased GFAP and COX-2, and reduced systemic antioxidative status. The nutraceutical GEA, ALA, niacin, and NA completely prevented the SFA-induced disturbances of BBB and normalized the measures of neurovascular inflammation and oxidative stress. Conclusions: The anti-inflammatory nutraceutical agents GEA, ALA, niacin, or NA are potent inhibitors of dietary fat-induced disturbances of BBB induced by systemic inflammations

Molecular origin of drug release by water boiling inside carbon nanotubes from reactive molecular dynamics simulation and DFT perspectives

AbstractOwing to their nanosized hollow cylindrical structure, CNTs hold the promise to be utilized as desired materials for encapsulating molecules which demonstrate wide inferences in drug delivery. Here we evaluate the possibility of drug release from the CNTs with various types and edge chemistry by reactive MD simulation to explain the scientifically reliable relations for proposed process. It was shown that heating of CNTs (up to 750 K) cannot be used for release of incorporated drug (phenylalanine) into water and even carbonated water solvent with very low boiling temperature. This is due to the strong physisorption (π-stacking interaction) between the aromatic of encapsulated drug and CNT sidewall which causes the drug to bind the nanotube sidewall. We have further investigated the interaction nature and release mechanism of water and drug confined/released within/from the CNTs by DFT calculations and the results confirmed our MD simulation findings. The accuracy of DFT method was also validated against the experimental and theoretical values at MP2/CCSD level. Therefore, we find that boiling of water/carbonated water confined within the CNTs could not be a suitable technique for efficient drug release. Our atomistic simulations provide a well-grounded understanding for the release of drug molecules confined within CNTs.</jats:p

Not Available

Not AvailableFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important, global disease of cloven-hoofed animals. The conventional vaccine could bring down the incidence of disease in many parts of the world but has many limitations and in India, the disease is enzootic. More promisingly, the alternate vaccine candidates, virus-like particles (VLPs) are as immunogenic as a native virus but are more labile to heat than the live virus capsids. To produce stable VLPs, a single amino acid residue was mutated at 93 and 98 positions at VP2 inter-pentamer region of the P1-2A gene of FMD virus serotype O (IND/R2/75). The mutated capsid protein was expressed in insect cells and characterized for temperature and varying pH stability. Out of S93Y, S93F, S93C, S93H, and Y98F mutant, VLPs, S93Y, S93F, and Y98F showed improved stability at 37 °C for 75 days compared to wild capsid, which was evaluated by sandwich ELISA. Further, the stability analysis of purified VLPs either by differential scanning fluorescence (DSF) stability assay at different temperatures and pH conditions or by dissociation kinetics showed that the Y98F mutant VLPs were more stable than S93Y, S93F, S93C, and S93H mutant and wild-type VLPs. Immunization of guinea pigs with Y98F VLPs induced neutralizing antibodies and 60% of the animals were protected from the FMDV "O" 100 GPID50 challenge virus.Not Availabl

Stock assessment of freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) in Aras reservoir

360 funnel traps were prepared as 30 in one row. They were bitted and located in different depths in sampling sites. Two rows each composed of 30 traps were located by stone, linking rope and boat with 50 m distance in sampling stations. The results showed that the average of total length of caught crayfish was 106.26±12.89 mm and their mean weight was 38.79 ± 15.54 gr. The largest crayfish had 171 mm length and 216 g weight. Also mean of total CPUE was 9.72±4.49 individuals in the study period. The evaluation by Schnabel approach indicated that fluctuation range of freshwater crayfish biomass with more than 120mm length was 131-313 with an average of 212.59 ±30.23 kilograms per ha. In this study freshwater crayfish biomass with more than 120mm length was 247 × 10^3 kilograms. The Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) was estimated 83 × 10^3 kilograms. In this study ّFecundity and biometry of crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) was investigated during 2012-2013. The results showed that the average of total length of caught crayfish was 106.26±12.89 mm and their mean weight was 38.79 ± 15.54 gr. The largest crayfish had 171 mm length and 216 g weight. Mean number of ovarian and pleopodal eggs were estimated at 286 ± 82 and 246.31 ± 80.41 eggs (with 95% confidence limits), respectively. In this research, male to female ratio was obtained 1.21:1. The time of male moulting at 16° C was started from April and was ended in the late May, when the water temperature reached to 18° C. The second moulting of males and the first moulting of females was performed simultaneously in 18° C water temperature at September. Reproduction of freshwater crayfish was started from November and continued to May of the next year. Harvesting period was from May to late November.Iranian Fisheries Science Research InstitutePublishe

Comparative studies in effcts of using decapsulated cysts of Artemia urmiana in feed on larve stage of Salmo tratta caspius

The present study investigated the effects of replacing decapsulated cysts of Artemia urmiana in feed on larvae stage of Salmo trutta caspius in growth and survival indices. Experiment with six food groups treatment with 1: Control diet (without decapsulated Artemia cysts), treatment 2: Decapsulated Artemia cysts diet with 25% and 75% concentrate feed, treatment 3: Decapsulated Artemia cysts diet with 50% and 50% concentrate feed, treatment 4: Decapsulated Artemia cysts diet with 75% and 25% concentrate feed, treatment 5: Decapsulated Artemia cysts diet with 100%, treatments to 1 gram weight. In this experiment, the sequences of three parts, each containing 1500 larvae 120 with an average of 120+25 mg were used. During the test period the various parameters including weight gain rate larvae (GR), special growth rate (SGR), survival rate (SR), feed rate (FR) Feed conversion ratio (FCR) were analyzed. The results showed that among different groups, treatment 2 with 0.64% had the worst condition in terms of feed conversion ratio among treatments were tested. The results showed that the specific growth rate of treatments 2 with 0.55% had the best and treatment 4 with 0.34% had the worst condition. Effective growth rate in treatment 2 with 0.26% showed the best and treatment 5 with 0.17% showed the worst. Treatment 2with 154.31 the best and treatment 1 with 130.85 the worst effective feeding index. The highest average daily growth observed in treatment 2 and the lowest was observed in treatment 5. The highest obesity index was observed in treatment 2 with 0.96 and the lowest obesity was in treatment 5 with 0.85. In terms of survival, treatment 4 with 99.91% had the best result and treatment 5 with 99.62% had the worst result. According to the results of the present study, replacing 25% decapsulated Artemia cysts can be effective and useful in developing the most growth and survival indices of rainbow trout larvae.Iranian Fisheries Science Research InstitutePublishe