Os desafios enfrentados pelos iniciantes na prática de enfermagem

O estudo teve o objetivo de investigar os desafios enfrentados pelas enfermeiras no início da profissão. As informações foram obtidas por entrevistas semiestruturadas de 31 profissionais de enfermagem formados entre 2000 a 2004. A análise foi feita pelo software Atlas Ti para análise qualitativa. Os recém-graduados enfrentaram desafios referentes às atividades: a) Relacionamento com a equipe de trabalho; b) Competência e habilidade técnica. Conclui-se que os recém-graduados estão pouco preparados para desempenhar a função de liderar uma equipe de enfermagem, bem como para o cuidado em unidades de alta complexidade. Para enfrentar esses desafios, novas estratégias de ensino e de prática devem ser traçadas de comum acordo entre docentes e enfermeira e enfermeiros atuantes na prática.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los desafíos enfrentados por las enfermeras en el inicio del ejercicio de su profesión. La recolección de datos fue efectuada a través de encuestas semiestructuradas, realizadas a 31 profesionales de enfermería que obtuvieron su graduación en el periodo de 2000 a 2004. El análisis fue efectuado con el software Atlas Ti para análisis cuantitativo. Los recién graduados enfrentaron desafíos en relación a: a) relación con el resto del equipo de trabajo; b) competencia y habilidad técnica. Se concluye en que los novatos están poco preparados para ejercer la función de liderar un equipo de enfermería y también para la atención en unidades de alta complejidad. Para enfrentar tales desafíos es necesario desarrollar nuevas estrategias de enseñanza y de práctica, en total acuerdo entre los docentes y profesionales con actuación efectiva.The purpose of the study was to investigate the challenges faced by the nurses during the first years of their nursing work. A total of 31 novice nurses were included in the sample that answered a questionnaire with open and closed questions. The data analysis was conducted by using the qualitative software called Atlas Ti. The novice nurses deal with some challenges related to: a) leadership team; b) the competence and technique ability. The findings suggested that the nursing novice is not well prepared for assuming a leadership role as well as for caring in the settings of high-complexity. In order to cope those challenges new strategies of education and nursing practice has to be developed together with nurses educators and nurses practitioners

Os primórdios da organização do espaço territorial e da vila cearense: algumas notas

This paper presents, in outline, the action taken by economic agents, representatives of the Church and the Portuguese State in organizing the space of the Captaincy of Ceará in the eighteenth century. The Portuguese State founded towns in strategic locations for better capitalization of the cattle breeder economy, where first settled sesmeiros and the Church. There was no reason or justification of geopolitical nature that demanded technical and financial investments by the Portuguese in the full adequacy of the local conditions to Portuguese urban guidelines. In the face of the late occupation, the article also discusses the late cartographic representation as expressing the lack of interests of the Portuguese administration in relation to a fuller understanding of the region

Psychopathic traits in young offenders vs. non-offenders in similar socioeconomic condition

Objective: To analyze the differences in psychopathic traits between offender and non-offender youths with similar socioeconomic backgrounds. Method: The Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) scale was used to identify whether 39 young offenders with no history of mental disorders or criteria for psychopathy exhibited differences in its total score, and specifically for factor 1 or factor 2 of this scale, when compared with 32 other young people, living in similar socioeconomic conditions, who had not committed offenses. Results: We observed statistically significant between-group differences (p < 0.01) in mean PCL-R scores, with a mean score of 13.4 in the offender group vs. 2.1 in the non-offender group. We also detected significant between-group differences when we analyzed mean factor 1 (p < 0.01) and factor 2 (p < 0.01) scores separately. Although the groups exhibited statistically significant difference in educational attainment, between-group comparison of mean PCL-R scores controlling for educational attainment by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that the difference in PCL-R scores remained statistically significant (p < 0.01). Conclusions: We conclude that, in this sample, the presence of both primary (interpersonal/affective characteristics) and secondary (lifestyle/antisocial behavior) psychopathic traits differed between offender and non-offender youths, even when excluding psychopathy and other mental disorders from the assessments. These results suggest a need for wide-ranging interventions, not restricted to socioeconomic aspects, for the management of juvenile delinquency

Agroecological practices as territorial development: an analytical schema from Brazilian case studies

Agroecological practices have been widely promoted as an alternative to the hegemonic agri-food system, yet they also can help to ‘green’ the system. To strengthen a transformative agroecology, Latin American activists have promoted the concept desenvolvimento territorial rural (DTR or rural territorial development), which has different versions. The dominant version advocates broad multi-actor coalitions to strengthen DTR and thus benefit poor people, yet this obscures rival territorial agendas. An antagonistic version instead analyses how capital accumulation drives societal conflicts, contingently resulting in DTR trajectories. Here an analytical schema helps identify how agroecological practices are appropriated for diverse trajectories of territorial development, illustrated by Brazilian agroforestry case studies