Uso da Terra no Entorno do PARNA-Caparaó: Preocupação com Incêndios Florestais

RESUMO Considerando que o modo de ocupação das áreas agrícolas apresenta grande influência no risco de ocorrência de incêndios florestais, o objetivo deste estudo foi fotointerpretar o uso e ocupação da terra no entorno do Parque Nacional do Caparaó (PARNA-Caparaó), face capixaba, e analisar a ocorrência de focos de calor na área. Foi fotointerpretada no total uma área de 654,95 km2, dos quais 7,88 km2 cobertos por eucalipto, 89,10 km2, por fragmentos florestais, 314,60 km2, por pastagens, 13,03 km2, por reflorestamento de espécies nativas, 180,60 km2, por café e 49,74 km2, por outros usos. Há uma área relevante ocupada por reflorestamento em todos os municípios avaliados da zona de amortecimento do PARNA-Caparaó, quando comparada a outros estudos. Os focos de calor, em sua maioria, aconteceram em beiras de estradas, pastagens, capoeiras e próximo a fragmentos florestais

In situ Effect of Nanohydroxyapatite Paste in Enamel Teeth Bleaching

Federal University of Para. Department of Restorative Dentistry. Belem, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Para. Department of Restorative Dentistry. Belem, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Para. Department of Restorative Dentistry. Belem, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Para. Department of Restorative Dentistry. Belem, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Departamento de Toxicologia. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Federal University of Para. Department of Restorative Dentistry. Belem, PA, Brazil.AIM: Evaluate in situ the effect of nanohydroxyapatite paste (nano-HAP) before bleaching with hydrogen peroxide 35% (HP35%) by ion chromatography (IC) Knoop hardness number (KHN) and tristimulus colorimetry (TC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 fragments were obtained from third molars included (3 mm × 3 mm × 3 mm) and the specimens were divided into three groups (n = 20): Gas chromatography (CG) (negative control group) = no bleaching; HP35% (positive control group) = HP35% whitening (whiteness HP35%); nano-HAP = application for 10 minutes before bleaching treatment + HP35%. The specimens were fixed to the volunteers' molars. The KHN and TC were measured before and after bleaching. For IC, the dentin layer was removed, leaving the enamel that was crushed, and autoclaved for chemical quantification (calcium, fluorine, and phosphorus). The results of KHN and TC were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The HP35% group showed reduction of the Ca, F, and P ions. The initial and final KHN mean of the CG and nano-HAP did not differ statistically; however, the group of HP35% did differ statistically. The mean ΔE of the HP35% and nano-HAP groups did not differ statistically from each other. However, they differed from the CG. CONCLUSION: The nano-HAP paste preserved the KHN, promoted the lower loss of Ca and P ions and an increase of F ions when compared with the CG, but did not influence the effectiveness of the bleaching treatment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Nano-HA is a biomaterial that has shown positive results in the prevention of deleterious effects on the enamel by the action of the office bleaching treatment