Salvador Espriu, Paul Celan und das Meer.

Sin resume

Statistical characterization of technical surface microstructure

In the development and production of industrial parts, both the macroscopic shape and the microstructure of the parts surface on a µm-scale strongly influence the parts properties. For instance, a surface in frictional contact should be structured in a way to reduce the expected wear by optimizing its lubrication properties. A gasket surface must not be too rough to prevent leakage, etc. The measurement of surface roughness started a few decades ago with the advent of tactile profilometers. These drag a stylus along a line over the surface and record the vertical deflection of the stylus as it moves over the surface, thus recording the height of the surface at the sampling points. Modern measurement techniques make it possible to acquire a complete three-dimensional height map of the surfaces. Obviously, the techniques for analysing two-dimensional profiles are not adequate for the analysis of three-dimensional height maps. Although many propositions for 3D-analysis have been made, these often lack a sound theoretical background. Hence, their understanding is limited and only a few are used regularly, resulting in an inadequate surface descrip- tion. A simple but powerful approach is to use the Minkowski functionals of the excursion sets of the data to charactarize the surface structure. These func- tionals can be interpreted in different ways depending on the model for the surface. Two models seem especially suited for technical surfaces: Random fields for surfaces with no obvious structure, e.g. shot-blasted surfaces and Boolean grain models for surfaces consisting of smaller structuring elements, e.g. sintered materials. In this thesis, a complete framework for the analysis of three-dimensional surface data using the Minkowski functionals is developed. This novel ap- proach allows for a stepwise data reduction: A complex data set is first reduced to three characterizing functions, from which further parameters can be derived. Due to a novel fast and accurate estimator for the characterizing functions, this technique is also suitable for time-critical tasks like the application in production automation

Stumpfe Federn in einer dumpfen Zeit? Deutschsprachige satirische Lyrik zwischen 1871 und 1890

La tesi amb el títol Stumpfe Federn in einer dumpfen Zeit? Deutschsprachige satirische Lyrik zwischen 1871 und 1890 , de 546 pàgines, estudia la poesia satírica en alemany de les dues dècades entre 1871 i 1890 - una època de la història de la sàtira molt poc tractada en antologies i estudis. Intenta comprovar la hipòtesi que, contràriament a l' opinió predominant, en aquestes dues dècades sí que existia una ampla cultura de poesia satírica quantitativament més important, qualitativament millor i sobretot amb més caràcter propi, del que generalment s'accepta. Després de definir un concepte de sàtira que segueix la definició predominant en les enciclopèdies de l'època - és a dir sàtira com una mena de joc de ridiculització pública d'un objecte, combinant així crítica amb entreteniment (capítol 2) - s'estableix un corpus de 134 poemes satírics com a base d'interpretació. Tres quarts d'aquesta nova antologia presentada en l'annex de la tesi o bé mai ha estat publicat en llibres (sinó trobat en revistes de l'època) o bé no està a l'abast mitjançant edicions actuals.Els quatre capítols principals descriuen la cultura comunicativa de poemes satírics des de perspectives diferents. El capítol 3 tracta la recepció de poesia satírica en aquestes dues dècades i demostra que, efectivament, en comunicacions públiques la sàtira va jugar un paper més important que mai. Sobretot en les metròpolis de l'època (Berlín, Viena, Mònaco), però també en ciutats petites i en qualsevol ambient social, sí que existia un nombre de suplements satírics o revistes satíriques inèdit pel que fa a quantitat i qualitat. Si es considerava que les dones havien de llegir tipus diferents de poesia, dels homes de totes les classes la lectura de poesia satírica va formar una part important de la vida social. Com que els individus de la segona meitat del segle XIX havien de suportar tant una pressió incrementada a la feina com una descomposició gradual dels vells esquemes d'identitat, els va semblar cada cop més atractiu buscar moments on podien gaudir de sàtires junt amb els amics o companys - transformant així la lectura d'aquests textos en un acte públic. Aquesta pràctica esdevenia especialment atractiu per als obrers socialistes, de manera que el govern va incrementar els seus intents de suprimir la sàtira socialista mitjançant actes legals durant aquestes dues dècades. Però l'única cosa que va aconseguir amb això era facilitar-los als socialistes material nou per a sàtires noves i, conseqüentment, més èxits a les urnes - contribuint així involuntàriament a una gran pujada de la sàtira socialista durant el Kaiserreich. El capítol 4 tracta de la producció de poesia satírica. Resulta que malgrat la popularitat de la sàtira aquest tipus de text no va ser el primordial per a la gran majoria dels autors en els seus intents de crear "art". Encara que molts també van escriure poemes satírics per tal de demostrar aptitud estilística, guanyar diners o simplement jugar al joc social popular de fer presentacions satíriques a festes, els autors tendien a excloure sàtires de la seva obra completa - cosa contrària a èpoques anteriors. Finalment, els capítols 5 i 6 es concentren en els trets estilístics i temàtics dels poemes. A causa d'una funció social més important, entre 1871 i 1890 la sàtira socialista es feia més i més agressiva, mentre que fa l'efecte que la sàtira no socialista intentava sobretot augmentar el grau de diversió proporcionada al públic. Pel que fa als estils satírics, resulta evident que la sàtira d'aquesta època no era gens ni mica una pura imitació de la sàtira de Heine. Al contrari: cal veure les dues primeres dècades del Kaiserreich com a terreny d'on sorgiria la base sense la qual moltes de les veus satíriques conegudes i apreciades no s'haurien pogut desenvolupar.The thesis contains 546 pages and deals with satirical poetry in German language between 1871 and 1890 - a period so far widely neglected in anthologies, history books and scientific publications. It attempts to demonstrate that contrary to common opinion a very lively, widespread culture of satirical poetry did exist in these two decades, and that satirical poems at that time actually covered a wide variety of different and even quite individual satirical styles. Having chosen a concept of satire that followed the usual kind of definition as given in the encyclopaedias of the second half of the 19th century - i. e. satire understood as a kind of public mock-game and as such a combination of criticism and entertainment (chapter 2) - , a textual body of 134 satirical poems was established in order to get a textual basis for interpretation. Three quarters of the texts of this new anthology presented in the annex of the thesis either had never been published in books before (and was found in old newspapers and magazines) or is currently not available in other than antiquarian books.The main four chapters of the thesis describe the communication culture with satirical poems seen from different perspectives: Chapter 3 is about the reception of satirical poetry in these two decades. Contrary to popular belief satirical poetry played a more important role in public communication than ever before. Concentrating in the culturally leading cities of the time (Berlin, Vienna, Munich), but also very widespread in the small towns and every socio-cultural ambience, a multitude of satirical supplements or magazines existed never seen before as far as quantity and variety is concerned. While women were supposed to read other types of poetry, reading satirical poems undoubtedly formed an important part of the social life of men throughout all classes. As the individuals of the second half of the 19th century had to live under an intensified work pressure and a gradual deconstruction of old identity schemes, it became increasingly attractive for them to seek a shared, satirical laugh in one's peer group - transforming satire reading into a public event. This being especially true for socialist working class people, the government increasingly felt the need to try to suppress socialist satire by legal means during these two decades. But the more they pursued this fight, the more they provided their opponents with new textual weapons and thus contributed to the evident, spectacular rise of socialist satire during the Kaiserreich. Chapter 4 deals with the production of satirical poetry, revealing that in spite of its popularity it was not the kind of text authors used to focus on if they tried to create "art". Although many of them also wrote satirical poems to demonstrate their stylistic faculties, to earn a little extra money or to simply play the popular social role of making a witty contribution to a celebration, they, contrary to schemes of earlier and later times, tended to avoid including satires in their collected works Chapters 5 and 6 focus on the stylistic and thematic features of the poems. Due to its increased social function, socialist satire tends to get more and more aggressive between 1871 and 1890, whereas non-socialist satire seems to concentrate on improving its entertainment qualities. As far as satire styles are concerned, it becomes clear that satire in this period is far from being a mere imitation of Heine satire. On the contrary: The first two decades of the Kaiserreich must be regarded as the soil that created and developed many of the well known and highly esteemed 20th century satirical voices

Compressed sensing FTIR nano-spectroscopy and nano-imaging.

Infrared scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (IR s-SNOM) provides for spectroscopic imaging with nanometer spatial resolution, yet full spatio-spectral imaging is constrained by long measurement times. Here, we demonstrate the application of compressed sensing algorithms to achieve hyperspectral FTIR-based nano-imaging at an order of magnitude faster imaging speed to achieve the same spectral content compared to conventional approaches. At the example of the spectroscopy of a single vibrational resonance, we discuss the relationship of prior knowledge of sparseness of the employed Fourier base functions and sub-sampling. Compressed sensing nano-FTIR spectroscopy promises both rapid and sensitive chemical nano-imaging which is highly relevant in academic and industrial settings for fundamental and applied nano- and bio-materials research

Spare Ribs? Early Modern Female Monasticism in the East Slavic Lands

In contrast to the robust state of research on female Catholic monasticism in Central and Western Europe, Italy and the Iberian Peninsula, the history of Orthodox and Greek Catholic convents in the Balkans and Eastern Europe remains a largely uncharted field of study. Although historical archives in those parts of Europe offer rich pickings of first-class documentary material, the lack of up-to-date research methodologies in post-Socialist countries, the current stunted condition of pre-modern Slavic studies in Western Europe, and occasional problems of archival access create obstacles against the development of this promising area of research. However, characteristic of a strong element of human interest, research on early modern women's monasticism of the Eastern Rite has the potential to broaden the awareness of the place women held in European societies and cultures of the past and contribute to a more nuanced understanding of it at present

Krisenbewältigung durch militärische Einsätze? Zur künftigen Rolle der Bundeswehr

Vortrag im Rahmen der Osnabrücker Friedensgespräche am 17. Juni 1993 im Rathaus der Stad