Citopatologia de tecido caloso infetado pelo vírus do enrolamento da folha da videira 3

The cytopathology of grapevine (Vitis spp.) callus tissue infected with Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3), genus Vitivirus was studied in order to investigate the usefulness of callus cultures to study grapevine leafroll-associated viruses. Ultrathin sections were made from in vitro callus obtained from stems and shoots of GLRaV-3 infected grapevine plants. Callus was composed of two types of tissue. Translucent, soft callus was formed and composed of large loosely arranged cells, containing big vacuoles and a thin layer of cytoplasm. Other parts of the callus were brown-coloured and composed of small compactly arranged cells, which showed flexuous and rod-shaped closterovirus-like particles, with 10-12 nm in diameter, at higher magnifications. Groups of vesicles formed by a single membrane were also observed, with sizes ranging from 50-200 nm, containing fine fibrillar material, also typical of closterovirus infections. Virus concentration was monitored by Immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) tests, which showed that in vitro culture of callus tissue from grapevine infected plants, could be used to study the GLRaV viruses through many successive generations, despite the decline in virus concentration after repeated transfers. No virus particles were observed in callus tissue obtained from healthy grapevines.Análises citopatológicas do vírus do enrolamento da folha da videira 3 (Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3, GLRaV-3), gênero Vitivirus foram feitas utilizando-se tecido caloso obtido in vitro, para investigar seu uso no estudo do vírus associado ao enrolamento da folha da videira (EFV). Secções ultrafinas foram feitas a partir de cultura de calos obtidos de hastes e brotos de videiras (Vitis spp.) infetadas pelo GLRaV-3. Dois tipos de calos foram observados. Um tipo transparente composto de células grandes e altamente vacuoladas contendo uma fina camada de citoplasma. Um outro tipo, de coloração marrom, composto de um grupo de células pequenas, compactamente arranjadas, cujo citoplasma era bem mais abundante. Nestas células foram observadas, em maior aumento, massas formadas por fibras flexuosas com 10-12 nm de diâmetro, cujo aspecto corresponde ao das partículas de closterovírus em cortes de tecido. Grupos de vesículas também foram observados, com tamanhos variando entre 50-200 nm, formadas por uma única membrana e contendo material fibrilar muito fino, característico de infecções causadas por closterovírus. A concentração do vírus foi monitorada por testes de Immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM), os quais mostraram que a cultura de calos obtidos de videiras infetadas pôde ser usada para estudar os vírus associados ao EFV durante várias gerações, apesar da diminuição da concentração de vírus após repetidas transferências. Não foram observadas partículas de vírus em tecido caloso obtidos de videiras sadias.384388Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Study of Bio-Based Foams Prepared from PBAT/PLA Reinforced with Bio-Calcium Carbonate and Compatibilized with Gamma Radiation

Foamed polymers are future materials, considered “green materials” due to their properties with very low consumption of raw materials; they can be used to ameliorate appearance of structures besides contributing for thermal and acoustic insulation. Nevertheless, waste disposal has generated about 20–30% of total of solid volume in landfills besides prejudicing flora and fauna by uncontrolled disposal. The development of biodegradable polymers aims to solve this problem, considering that in 2012, bio-plastics market was evaluated in 1.4 million tons produced and in 2017 attained 6.2 million tons. Biodegradable polymers as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) are thermoplastics which can be processed using the most conventional polymer processing methods. PLA is high in strength and modulus but brittle, while PBAT is flexible and tough. In order to reduce interfacial tension exhibited by PLA/PBAT blends, it was used as compatibilizing agent 5 phr of PLA previously gamma-radiated at 150 kGy. Ionizing radiation induces compatibilization by free radicals, improving the dispersion and adhesion of blend phases, without using chemical additives and at room temperature. As a reinforcement agent, calcium carbonate from avian eggshell waste was used, at 10 ph of micro particles, 125 μm. Admixtures were further processed in a single-screw extruder, using CO2 as physical blowing agent (PBA). Property investigations were performed by DSC, TGA, XRD, SEM, FTIR, and mechanical essays

Consumo alimentar e perfil antropométrico de tenistas amadores e profissionais Food intake and anthropometric profile of amateur and professionals tennis players

INTRODUÇÃO: O perfil antropométrico e o consumo alimentar exercem grande influência no desempenho esportivo; entretanto, essas informações sobre tenistas brasileiros ainda são escassas. OBJETIVO: Descrever e comparar o consumo alimentar e o perfil antropométrico de tenistas amadores (AM) e profissionais (PRO). MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 24 tenistas, com a seguinte distribuição: profissionais (PRO; n = 9) e amadores (AM; n = 15). Os atletas foram avaliados quanto a variáveis antropométricas (peso, estatura, circunferências e dobras cutâneas) e a composição corporal foi estimada por três diferentes protocolos. As dietas foram avaliadas a partir de três diários alimentares. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa no perfil antropométrico dos atletas PRO em relação aos AM (peso: 69,5 ± 9,8kg e 66,0 ± 5,0kg; estatura: 177,9 ± 4,3cm e 175,6 ± 2,7cm, IMC: 23,5 ± 1,4kg/m² e 22,6 ± 0,8kg/m² e gordura corporal: 13,0 ± 5,5% e 13,7 ± 2,4%, respectivamente). Observou-se significativo déficit energético entre a estimativa da necessidade energética e a ingestão energética relatada. O consumo de carboidratos apresentou-se no limite mínimo sugerido (AM: 6,3 ± 0,5g/kg/dia e PRO: 6,5 ± 0,7g/kg/dia), enquanto a ingestão de proteínas mostrou-se superior às recomendações disponíveis na literatura (AM: 2,4 ± 0,2g/kg/dia e PRO: 2,3 ± 0,3g/kg/dia). Com relação aos minerais, a principal preocupação foi a baixa ingestão de cálcio (AM: 798,1 ± 786,3mg/dia e PRO: 766,9 ± 602,4mg/dia). CONCLUSÃO: Não foram observadas diferenças significativas no perfil antropométrico e no consumo alimentar entre os atletas AM e PRO. Os desvios observados no consumo alimentar reforçam a necessidade de orientação/planejamento nutricional, a fim de atender às demandas específicas da modalidade, visando maximizar o desempenho.<br>The anthropometric profile and food intake play a key role in sports performance; however, there is little information available regarding Brazilian tennis players. AIM: the present study aimed to evaluate the food intake and the anthropometric profile of professional and amateur tennis players. METHODS: twenty-four tennis players were distributed in two groups: professionals (PRO; n = 9) and amateurs (AM; n = 15). The athletes were evaluated on their anthropometric measurements (body weight, height, circumferences and skin folders). Body fat was estimated from three different equations. Food intake was determined by a 3-day food diary. RESULTS: there were no significant differences from anthropometric profile between PRO and AM (body weight: 69.5 ± 9.8 kg and 66.0 ± 5.0 kg; height: 177.9 ± 4.3 cm and 175.6 ± 2.7 cm, BMI: 23.5 ± 1.4 kg/m² and 22.6 ± 0.8 kg/m² and body fat: 13.0 ± 5.5% and 13.7 ± 2.4%, respectively). Significant difference between the energy expenditure and estimation and reported energy intake was observed. Both groups showed low carbohydrate (AM: 6.3 ± 0.5 g/kg/day and PRO: 6.5 ± 0.7 g/kg/day) and high protein intake AM: 2.4 ± 0.2 g/kg/day and PRO: 2.3 ± 0.3 g/kg/day) compared to the current recommendations. Very low calcium intake was observed (AM: 798.1 ± 786.3 mg/day and PRO: 766.9 ± 602.4 mg/day). CONCLUSION: no significant differences were detected for food intake pattern and anthropometric profile between PRO and AM. The results presented herein reinforce the relevance of nutritional planning in order to achieve specific demands of tennis and maximize performance